El tratamiento institucional de los menores que cometen delitos antes de los 14 años

La LO 5/2000, reguladora de la responsabilidad penal de los menores ha obligado a las comunidades autónomas no sólo a asumir la responsabilidad de responder a los menores de entre 14 y 17 años que cometen delitos, sino también a trabajar formal y preventivamente con los menores de 14 años que delincan. La propia legislación de menores establecía la necesidad de trabajar con estos menores de 14 años desde los servicios de Protección de la Infancia; una institución que hasta el momento trabajaba con esquemas clásicos de desprotección de la infancia y abandono familiar y no sobre situaciones de riesgo social. El objetivo de este trabajo es sacar a la luz una realidad apenas conocida en el ámbito español: la de los delitos cometidos por menores de 14 años y las medidas desarrolladas en este tiempo por las instituciones que trabajan con ellos. En él se muestran los resultados de una investigación empírica realizada en tres comunidades autónomas españolas: Aragón, Andalucía y Castilla-La Mancha, en la que se han analizado el 25% de los expedientes de menores que cometieron un delito a lo largo del año 2004 y en la que se ha entrevistado a expertos del ámbito jurídico y social que trabajan con esta población infantil

Ribavirin as a First Treatment Approach for Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Transplant Recipient Patients

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major cause of acute hepatitis of viral origin worldwide. Despite its usual course as an asymptomatic self-limited hepatitis, there are highly susceptible populations, such as those with underlying immunosuppression, which could develop chronic hepatitis. In this situation, implementation of therapy is mandatory in the sense to facilitate viral clearance. Currently, there are no specific drugs approved for HEV infection, but ribavirin (RBV), the drug of choice, is used for off-label treatment. Here, we present two cases of chronic HEV infection in transplant patients, reviewing and discussing the therapeutic approach available in the literature. The use of RBV for the treatment of an HEV infection in organ transplant patients seems to be effective. The recommendation of 12 weeks of therapy is adequate in terms of efficacy. Nevertheless, there are important issues that urgently need to be assessed, such as optimal duration of therapy and drug dosage

La utilización de la metodología ApS refuerza la adquisición de competencias a largo plazo

[EN] Service-learning (SL) is a methodology that contributes to the formation of values and the citizenship of university students, who can acquire a relevant role in the construction of a more dignified, inclusive, cohesive and equitable citizenship. The objective of the work is to quantify how the SL methodology implemented in a subject improves the competences of the students in the same course of implementation and after one year of implementation. Four experimental groups were formed: a) group LS-course 2017-2018; b) group NO-LS-course 2017-2018; c) group LS-course 2018-2019; d) group NO-LScourse 2018-2019. Each one of the groups was evaluated during the academic year 2018-2019 in the competencies developed in the subject Clinical Neurology applied to the speech therapist where the LS project is implemented. The results were compared by means of a t-Student. The results showed that the LS-course 2018-2019 group of students obtained significantly higher grades than the NO-LS-course 2018-2019 group. Surprisingly, this result was maintained during the academic year 2018-2019, in the students where the LS project had been implemented in the academic year 2017-2018, so that the LScourse 2017-2018 group continued to maintain higher and significantly higher grades than the NO-LS- course 2017-2018.[ES] El aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) es una metodología que contribuye a la formación en valores y para la ciudadanía de los estudiantes universitarios, los cuales pueden adquirir un papel relevante en la construcción de una ciudadanía más digna, inclusiva, cohesionada y equitativa. El objetivo del trabajo es cuantificar cómo la metodología ApS instaurada en una asignatura mejora las competencias del alumnado en el mismo curso de implantación y pasado un año de la implantación. Para ello se han formaron cuatro grupos experimentales: a) grupo ApS-curso 2017-2018; b) grupo NO-ApS-curso 2017-2018; c) grupo APS-curso 2018-2019; d) grupo NO-ApS-curso 2018-2019. Cada uno de los grupos fue evaluado durante el curso 2018-2019 en las competencias desarrolladas en la asignatura Neurología clínica aplicada a la logopeda donde se implanta el proyecto ApS. Los resultados se compararon mediante un t-Test. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de alumnos ApS-curso 2018-2019 obtuvieron notas significativamente superiores al grupo NO-ApS curso 2018-2019. Sorprendentemente, este resultado se mantenía durante el curso 2018-2019, en los alumnos donde se había implantado el proyecto ApS en el curso 2017-2018, de forma que el grupo ApS curso 2017-2018 seguía manteniendo notas superiores y significativamente superiores respecto al grupo NO-ApS-curso 2017-2018.Innovation Project Universitat de Valencia nº UV-SFPIE_RMD18-841128.Perez Gil, T.; Martinez Gisbert, N.; Soler Molina, V.; Puchades Diaz, S.; Gimenez Martínez, E.; Hurtado Vizcaino, C.; Ortiz Masià, D. (2019). La utilización de la metodología ApS refuerza la adquisición de competencias a largo plazo. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 343-352. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10417OCS34335

La metodología ApS refuerza la adquisición de competencias generales y específicas

[EN] Service-learning (SL), through a process of action-reflection-action collaborates in an efficient and practical way to the consolidation of basic and specific competencies that contribute to a successful life and good social functioning. The aim of the work is to analyse how the SL methodology improves general and specific competences in the students. To this end, two experimental groups were formed: a) SL group; b) NO-SL group (control). Each of the groups was evaluated in specific competences (exploration of cranial pairs) and general competences (communication, adaptation,..). The results were compared using the t-Student test. The results showed that the SL group significantly improved, in a majority way, the competences evaluated in relation with the control group.[ES] El Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS), mediante un proceso de acción-reflexión-acción colabora de manera eficiente y práctica a la consolidación de competencias básicas y específicas que contribuyen a una vida exitosa y al buen funcionamiento social. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar cómo la metodología ApS mejora competencias generales y específicas en el alumnado. Para ello se han formaron dos grupos experimentales: a) grupo ApS; b) grupo NO-ApS (control). Cada uno de los grupos fue evaluado en competencias específicas (exploración de pares craneales) y generales (comunicación, adaptación, etc.). Los resultados se compararon mediante el test t-Student. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo ApS mejoraban significativamente, de forma mayoritaria, las competencias evaluadas respecto al grupo control.Innovation Project Universitat de Valencia nº UV-SFPIE_RMD18-841128.Perez Gil, T.; Martínez Gisbert, N.; Soler Molina, V.; Puchades Díaz, S.; Giménez Martínez, E.; Hurtado Vizcaíno, C.; Ortiz-Masià, D. (2019). La metodología ApS refuerza la adquisición de competencias generales y específicas. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1529-1536. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10376OCS1529153

Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity, and Colorectal and Breast Cancer Risk(Mcc-Spain Study)

Inflammation and antioxidant capacity have been associated with colorectal and breast cancer. We computed the dietary inflammatory index (DII®), and the total dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) and associated them with colorectal and breast cancer risk in the population-based multi case-control study in Spain (MCC-Spain). We included 1852 colorectal cancer and 1567 breast cancer cases, and 3447 and 1486 population controls, respectively. DII score and NEAC were derived using data from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for energy-adjusted DII (E-DII), and a score combining E-DII and NEAC. E-DII was associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.93, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI:1.60–2.32; p-trend:0.10). The combined score of high E-DII scores and low antioxidant values were associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.48, highest quartile versus lowest, 95%CI: 1.26–1.74; p-trend

Ciencias Sociales: Economía y Humanidades HANDBOOK T-I

Se presenta un breve examen de la producción y comercialización de rosa en México; un estudio en México sobre el ingreso mínimo de las familias que identifica la línea de pobreza alimentaria en el área rural del sur de México, 2012; un pequeño estudio donde hablará sobre el análisis comparado del Sector Gubernamental y la Economía Mexicana desde la perspectiva de los eslabonamientos productivos Hirshman-Rasmuss; un estudio sobre los canales de comercialización de limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz; una análisis del comercio estratégico en el TLCAN: El Estado en la política agrícola de biocombustibles; también se expresan acerca de la importancia de la comercialización del café en México; un diagnóstico, retos del comercio electrónico en el Sector Agroindustrial Mexicano; trabajo nos muestra y habla sobre la inversión extranjera directa y su impacto en crecimiento de México, un análisis en prospectiva: 1999-2010; un estudio acerca sobre la importancia de la Banca en México; un trabajo acerca de la competitividad de la producción agrícola en México, un análisis regional; se analizan todo acerca de el SIAL productor de quesos en Poxtla, competividad y territorio; se habla acerca de la intermediación financiera al servicio de la comunidad indígena: el fondo regional indígena Tarhiata Keri; ademas un estudio acerca de la demanda de Importaciones de durazno (Prunus pérsica L. Batsch) en México procedentes de Estados Unidos de América (1982-2011); Loera y Sepúlveda analizan los parámetros de la productividad forestal en la producción de madera en rollo; un análisis de factores sociales, ambientales y económicos del territorio rural cercano a la ciudad de México; un estudio acerca de la crisis económica mundial y su efecto sobre los flujos migratorios de América Latina; Magadán, Hernández y Escalona presentan la tipología de los sujetos sociales que intervienen en el mercado campesino de Ocotlán Oaxaca; la normalización del proceso de compostaje: una opción para desarrollar el mercado de la composta; acerca de la reestructuración del capitalismo y crisis política en México; la rentabilidad de la producción de miel en el municipio de León, Guanjuato; la economía del maíz en la región metropolitana, Chiapas, 2014; análisis de los centros de educación y cultura ambiental, necesidad de profesionalización Pedagógica de facilitadores ambientales; los Costos y competitividad de la producción del limón persa en el municipio de Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz

Standard comparison of local mental health care systems in eight European countries

Aims. There is a need of more quantitative standardised data to compare local Mental Health Systems (MHSs) across international jurisdictions. Problems related to terminological variability and commensurability in the evaluation of services hamper like-with-like comparisons and hinder the development of work in this area. This study was aimed to provide standard assessment and comparison of MHS in selected local areas in Europe, contributing to a better understanding of MHS and related allocation of resources at local level and to lessen the scarcity in standard service comparison in Europe. This study is part of the Seventh Framework programme REFINEMENT (Research on Financing Systems' Effect on the Quality of Mental Health Care in Europe) project. Methods. A total of eight study areas from European countries with different systems of care (Austria, England, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain) were analysed using a standard open-access classification system (Description and Evaluation of Services for Long Term Care in Europe, DESDE-LTC). All publicly funded services universally accessible to adults (>= 18 years) with a psychiatric disorder were coded. Care availability, diversity and capacity were compared across these eight local MHS. Results. The comparison of MHS revealed more community-oriented delivery systems in the areas of England (Hampshire) and Southern European countries (Verona - Italy and Girona - Spain). Community-oriented systems with a higher proportion of hospital care were identified in Austria (Industrieviertel) and Scandinavian countries (Sor-Trondelag in Norway and Helsinki-Uusimaa in Finland), while Loiret (France) was considered as a predominantly hospital-based system. The MHS in Suceava (Romania) was still in transition to community care. Conclusions. There is a significant variation in care availability and capacity across MHS of local areas in Europe. This information is relevant for understanding the process of implementation of community-oriented mental health care in local areas. Standard comparison of care provision in local areas is important for context analysis and policy planning.Peer reviewe

Genetic landscape of 6089 inherited retinal dystrophies affected cases in Spain and their therapeutic and extended epidemiological implications

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), defined by dysfunction or progressive loss of photoreceptors, are disorders characterized by elevated heterogeneity, both at the clinical and genetic levels. Our main goal was to address the genetic landscape of IRD in the largest cohort of Spanish patients reported to date. A retrospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 6089 IRD affected individuals (from 4403 unrelated families), referred for genetic testing from all the Spanish autonomous communities. Clinical, demographic and familiar data were collected from each patient, including family pedigree, age of appearance of visual symptoms, presence of any systemic findings and geographical origin. Genetic studies were performed to the 3951 families with available DNA using different molecular techniques. Overall, 53.2% (2100/3951) of the studied families were genetically characterized, and 1549 different likely causative variants in 142 genes were identified. The most common phenotype encountered is retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (55.6% of families, 2447/4403). The most recurrently mutated genes were PRPH2, ABCA4 and RS1 in autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and X-linked (XL) NON-RP cases, respectively; RHO, USH2A and RPGR in AD, AR and XL for non-syndromic RP; and USH2A and MYO7A in syndromic IRD. Pathogenic variants c.3386G > T (p.Arg1129Leu) in ABCA4 and c.2276G > T (p.Cys759Phe) in USH2A were the most frequent variants identified. Our study provides the general landscape for IRD in Spain, reporting the largest cohort ever presented. Our results have important implications for genetic diagnosis, counselling and new therapeutic strategies to both the Spanish population and other related populations.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS; PI16/00425 and PI19/00321), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, 06/07/0036), IIS-FJD BioBank (PT13/0010/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, RAREGenomics Project, B2017/BMD-3721), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), the Organización Nacional de Ciegos Españoles (ONCE), Fundación Ramón Areces, Fundación Conchita Rábago and the University Chair UAM-IIS-FJD of Genomic Medicine. Irene Perea-Romero is supported by a PhD fellowship from the predoctoral Program from ISCIII (FI17/00192). Ionut F. Iancu is supported by a grant from the Comunidad de Madrid (CAM, PEJ-2017-AI/BMD7256). Marta del Pozo-Valero is supported by a PhD grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago. Berta Almoguera is supported by a Juan Rodes program from ISCIII (JR17/00020). Pablo Minguez is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CP16/00116). Marta Corton is supported by a Miguel Servet program from ISCIII (CPII17/00006). The funders played no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, manuscript preparation and/or publication decisions

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD