EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REST INTERVALS BETWEEN ANTAGONIST PAIRED SETS ON REPETITION PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION

Effects of different rest intervals between antagonist paired sets on repetition performance and muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res 28(9): 2529–2535, 2014—Recent evidence suggests that exercising the antagonist musculature acutely enhances subsequent performance for the agonist musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets for exercises that involve antagonistic muscle groups, a technique referred to as antagonist paired sets (APS). Fifteen recreationally trained men were tested for knee extension (KE) exercise performance, with or without previous knee flexion (KF) exercise for the antagonist musculature. The following protocols were performed in random order with 10 repetition maximum loads for the KF and KE exercises: (a) traditional protocol (TP)—1 set of KE only to repetition failure; (b) paired sets with minimal allowable rest (PMR)—1 set of KF followed immediately by a set of KE; (c) P30—30-second rest between paired sets of KF and KE; (d) P1—1-minute rest between paired sets; (e) P3—3-minute rest between paired sets; and (f) P5—5-minute rest between paired sets. The number of repetitions performed and electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during the KE set in each protocol. It was demonstrated that significantly greater KE repetitions were completed during the PMR, P30, and P1 protocols vs. the TP protocol. Significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the RF muscle during the KE exercise in the PMR and P30 vs. the TP, P3, and P5, respectively. In addition, significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the VM muscle during the PMR vs. all other protocols. The results of this study indicate that no rest or relatively shorter rest intervals (30 seconds and 1 minute) between APS might be more effective to elicit greater agonist repetition enhancement and muscle activation

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REST INTERVALS BETWEEN ANTAGONIST PAIRED SETS ON REPETITION PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION

Effects of different rest intervals between antagonist paired sets on repetition performance and muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res 28(9): 2529–2535, 2014—Recent evidence suggests that exercising the antagonist musculature acutely enhances subsequent performance for the agonist musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets for exercises that involve antagonistic muscle groups, a technique referred to as antagonist paired sets (APS). Fifteen recreationally trained men were tested for knee extension (KE) exercise performance, with or without previous knee flexion (KF) exercise for the antagonist musculature. The following protocols were performed in random order with 10 repetition maximum loads for the KF and KE exercises: (a) traditional protocol (TP)—1 set of KE only to repetition failure; (b) paired sets with minimal allowable rest (PMR)—1 set of KF followed immediately by a set of KE; (c) P30—30-second rest between paired sets of KF and KE; (d) P1—1-minute rest between paired sets; (e) P3—3-minute rest between paired sets; and (f) P5—5-minute rest between paired sets. The number of repetitions performed and electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during the KE set in each protocol. It was demonstrated that significantly greater KE repetitions were completed during the PMR, P30, and P1 protocols vs. the TP protocol. Significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the RF muscle during the KE exercise in the PMR and P30 vs. the TP, P3, and P5, respectively. In addition, significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the VM muscle during the PMR vs. all other protocols. The results of this study indicate that no rest or relatively shorter rest intervals (30 seconds and 1 minute) between APS might be more effective to elicit greater agonist repetition enhancement and muscle activation

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT REST INTERVALS BETWEEN ANTAGONIST PAIRED SETS ON REPETITION PERFORMANCE AND MUSCLE ACTIVATION

Effects of different rest intervals between antagonist paired sets on repetition performance and muscle activation. J Strength Cond Res 28(9): 2529–2535, 2014—Recent evidence suggests that exercising the antagonist musculature acutely enhances subsequent performance for the agonist musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different rest intervals between sets for exercises that involve antagonistic muscle groups, a technique referred to as antagonist paired sets (APS). Fifteen recreationally trained men were tested for knee extension (KE) exercise performance, with or without previous knee flexion (KF) exercise for the antagonist musculature. The following protocols were performed in random order with 10 repetition maximum loads for the KF and KE exercises: (a) traditional protocol (TP)—1 set of KE only to repetition failure; (b) paired sets with minimal allowable rest (PMR)—1 set of KF followed immediately by a set of KE; (c) P30—30-second rest between paired sets of KF and KE; (d) P1—1-minute rest between paired sets; (e) P3—3-minute rest between paired sets; and (f) P5—5-minute rest between paired sets. The number of repetitions performed and electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during the KE set in each protocol. It was demonstrated that significantly greater KE repetitions were completed during the PMR, P30, and P1 protocols vs. the TP protocol. Significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the RF muscle during the KE exercise in the PMR and P30 vs. the TP, P3, and P5, respectively. In addition, significantly greater EMG activity was demonstrated for the VM muscle during the PMR vs. all other protocols. The results of this study indicate that no rest or relatively shorter rest intervals (30 seconds and 1 minute) between APS might be more effective to elicit greater agonist repetition enhancement and muscle activation

Development of a numerical tool for the seismic vulnerability assessment of vernacular architecture

Aiming at protecting the vernacular heritage located in earthquake prone areas, the paper presents the development and validation of the numerical tool that constitutes the core of a novel seismic vulnerability assessment method: Seismic Assessment of the Vulnerability of Vernacular Architecture Structures (SAVVAS). An extensive numerical modeling campaign was carried out to evaluate and quantify the influence of several parameters on the seismic response of vernacular buildings. The results were compiled into a database on which regression analysis could be performed to extract correlations between seismic capacity and qualitative and simple quantitative data that can be obtained from visual inspection

Microglial Sirtuin 2 shapes long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices

Copyright © 2020 Sa de Almeida, Vargas, Fonseca-Gomes, Tanqueiro, Belo, Miranda-Lourenço, Sebastião, Diógenes and Pais. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Microglial cells have emerged as crucial players in synaptic plasticity during development and adulthood, and also in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory conditions. Here we found that decreased levels of Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) deacetylase in microglia affects hippocampal synaptic plasticity under inflammatory conditions. The results show that long-term potentiation (LTP) magnitude recorded from hippocampal slices of wild type mice does not differ between those exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory stimulus, or BSA. However, LTP recorded from hippocampal slices of microglial-specific Sirt2 deficient (Sirt2-) mice was significantly impaired by LPS. Importantly, LTP values were restored by memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. These results indicate that microglial Sirt2 prevents NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal slices in response to an inflammatory signal such as LPS. Overall, our data suggest a key-protective role for microglial Sirt2 in mnesic deficits associated with neuroinflammation.This study was supported by Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa (MB37-2017), GAPIC Research Program of the University of Lisbon Medical School (n° 2014002 and n° 2015028) and the following doctoral grants: PD/BD/128091/2016, SFRH/BD/118238/2016, PD/BD/114337/2016, and PD/BD/1144- 41/2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise da Legislação Existente e Considerações sobre a Regulação de Recursos Hídricos Referente ao Gás Não Convencional / Existing Legislation Analysis and Considerations on Water Resources Regulation concerning Unconventional Gas

A atividade de exploração e produção de gás não convencional demanda disponibilidade hídrica. A legislação federal sobre recursos hídricos no Brasil apresenta uma série de regras para o uso da água, seja pela prioridade, seja pela outorga e cobrança. No âmbito estadual, a questão hídrica também é tutelada e possui legislação própria. Ademais, especificamente, a Resolução ANP 21/2014 estabelece que a água deve ser preferencialmente de fontes inadequadas ao consumo humano. O objetivo desse artigo, portanto, é analisar a estruturação da legislação de recursos hídricos no país relativamente ao uso para a produção de gás não convencional, com possibilidade de construção de propostas para conciliação da atividade e da obediência aos parâmetros ambientais. A metodologia é qualitativa e analítica com uso de método de revisão da literatura, por meio de análise comparativa da legislação brasileira e dos estados de Texas e Oklahoma, para servir como parâmetro de aplicação. Como resultado, aponta-se que a definição dos contornos da regulação do uso de recursos hídricos na produção de gás não convencional deve abrigar gestão de risco e de planejamento adequado a subsidiar o licenciamento dessa atividade

The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly.

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia

Pharmacokinetic Comparability of a Biosimilar Trastuzumab Anticipated from Its Physicochemical and Biological Characterization

Comparability between a biosimilar and its reference product requires the evaluation of critical quality attributes that may impact on its pharmacological response. Herein we present a physicochemical characterization of a biosimilar trastuzumab focused on the attributes related to the pharmacokinetic response. Capillary isoelectrofocusing (cIEF) and cation exchange chromatography (CEX) were used to evaluate charge heterogeneity; glycosylation profiles were assessed through hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC); aggregates content was evaluated through size exclusion chromatography (SEC) while binding affinity to FcRn was evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The biosimilar trastuzumab and its reference product exhibited a high degree of similarity for the evaluated attributes. In regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters, randomized, double blind, and two-arm parallel and prospective study was employed after the administration of a single intravenous dose in healthy volunteers. No significant differences were found between the pharmacokinetic profiles of both products. Our results confirm that similarity of the critical quality attributes between a biosimilar product, obtained from a different manufacturing process, and the reference product resulted in comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, diminishing the uncertainty related to the biosimilar's safety and efficacy

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London