Variability of orofacial measures

PURPOSE: To verify the degree of variability of orofacial measures, among speech pathologists who are specialists in orofacial myology. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out, where 30 speech pathologists who are specialists in orofacial myology measured, in two different moments, with the use of a digital sliding caliper, ten orofacial measures of a standard subject. Within- and between-examiner data were compared using measures of central trend and dispersion, and hypothesis testing, with the level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Nine out of the ten parameters investigated were considered as homogeneous in both within- and between-observers analyses. The maximum mouth opening with the tongue in the papilla presented high coefficients of variation, indicating heterogeneous data, although between-observers values were considered similar. In the within-examiner analysis for this parameter, a significant difference was evidenced (p=0.0384). In the data analysis, it was also observed differences next to the cut point established in the study, in the within-observer mensuration of the midfacial height (p= 0.0711) and the maximum mouth opening (p= 0.0677). Among the ten analyzed variables, it was not observed decrease in the coefficient of variation from the first to the second mensuration only for the parameters midfacial height and superior lip. CONCLUSION: It was not observed variability in the orofacial mensuration carried out in this study, except for the parameter maximum mouth opening with the tongue in the incisor papilla, indicating that data produced by different professionals can be considered partially trustworthy.OBJETIVO: Verificar o grau da variabilidade das medidas orofaciais, entre fonoaudiólogos especialistas em Motricidade Orofacial. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo, tendo 30 fonoaudiólogos especialistas em Motricidade Orofacial realizado, em dois momentos distintos, com uso de paquímetro digital, a mensuração de dez medidas orofaciais de um sujeito padrão. Foram comparados os dados inter e intra-examinador por meio das medidas de tendência central, das medidas de dispersão e de testes de hipóteses, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Nove dos dez parâmetros investigados foram considerados como homogêneos na avaliação inter e intra-observadores. A abertura máxima da boca com língua na papila apresentou coeficientes de variação altos, indicando dados heterogêneos, apesar dos valores de correlação inter-observadores terem sido considerados semelhantes. Já na avaliação intra-examinador para este parâmetro foi evidenciada uma diferença significante (p=0,0384). Na análise dos dados, observou-se ainda diferenças próximas ao ponto de corte estabelecido no estudo, na mensuração intra-observador do terço médio da face (p=0,0711) e da abertura máxima da boca (p=0,0677). Dentre as dez variáveis analisadas, não foi observada diminuição do coeficiente de variação da 1ª para 2ª mensuração apenas nos parâmetros terço médio da face e lábio superior. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi observada variabilidade nas mensurações orofaciais realizadas, exceto para o parâmetro abertura máxima da boca com língua na papila, indicando que dados produzidos por diferentes profissionais podem ser considerados parcialmente confiáveis.Prefeitura Municipal de Francisco Sá - Francisco SáClínica SISOClínica Habilitar InfantilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESPSciEL

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

燒津鰹漁業に於ける船仲組織(上) - 本邦漁業に特異なる勞働組織の一例 -

We report on the measurement of freeze-out radii for pairs of identical-charge pions measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV as a function of collision centrality and the average transverse momentum of the pair kT. Three-dimensional sizes of the system (femtoscopic radii), as well as direction-averaged onedimensional radii are extracted. The radii decrease with kT, following a power-law behavior. This is qualitatively consistent with expectations from a collectively expanding system, produced in hydrodynamic calculations. The radii also scale linearly with _dNch/dη_1/3. This behavior is compared to world data on femtoscopic radii in heavy-ion collisions. While the dependence is qualitatively similar to results at smaller √sNN, a decrease in the ratio Rout/Rside is seen, which is in qualitative agreement with a specific prediction from hydrodynamic models: a change from inside-out to outside-in freeze-out configuration. The results provide further evidence for the production of a collective, strongly coupled system in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

生産增加と貨幣需要

We report on two-particle charge-dependent cor- relations in pp, p\u2013Pb, and Pb\u2013Pb collisions as a function of the pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle difference, \u3b7 and \u3c6 respectively. These correlations are studied using the balance function that probes the charge creation time and the develop- ment of collectivity in the produced system. The dependence of the balance function on the event multiplicity as well as on the trigger and associated particle transverse momentum ( pT ) in pp, p\u2013Pb, and Pb\u2013Pb collisions at 1asNN = 7, 5.02, and 2.76 TeV, respectively, are presented. In the low transverse momentum region, for 0.2 < pT < 2.0 GeV/c, the balance function becomes narrower in both \u3b7 and \u3c6 directions in all three systems for events with higher multiplicity. The experimental findings favor models that either incorporate some collective behavior (e.g. AMPT) or different mecha- nisms that lead to effects that resemble collective behavior (e.g. PYTHIA8 with color reconnection). For higher values of transverse momenta the balance function becomes even narrower but exhibits no multiplicity dependence, indicating that the observed narrowing with increasing multiplicity at low pT is a feature of bulk particle production