Coeficiente de rugosidad, en el Canal Carlos Leigth entre las progresivas 1+000 al 8+000, Centro Poblado Cascajal, Ancash, 2019

La presente investigación se realizó en el Centro Poblado Cascajal, en la Provincia del Santa, teniendo como objetivo general determinar el coeficiente de rugosidad, en el Canal Carlos Leigth entre las progresivas 1+000 al 8+000, en el Centro Poblado de Cascajal, Ancash, 2019. Asi mismo, teniendo como formulación del problema ¿Cuál es el coeficiente de rugosidad, en el Canal Carlos Leigth entre las progresivas 1+000 al 6+000, Centro Poblado de Cascajal, Ancash, 2019? Para el desarrollo de la investigación se recurrió a distintos autores como: Chow V, Villón M. y distintas tesis que aportaron para dicha investigación que de acuerdo a su estudio se considera de diseño no experimental y su población y muestra comprendió el tramo del Canal Carlos Leigth, entre las progresivas 1+000 al 8+000, identificando las secciones de aforo a través de un instrumento visual donde las franjas liquidas sean equivalentes entre sí, la velocidad del caudal sea suficiente, constantes y sobre todo de un trayecto recto que permitió obtener muestreos de aforos más confiables para luego realizar las mediciones de velocidad utilizando para ello un molinete hidrométrico OTT, estos datos nos han permitido comparar el valor actual de la rugosidad con el considerado en el diseño inicial, a fin de implementar medidas de operación y mantenimiento que coadyuven a mantener niveles óptimos en la infraestructura del canal. Los principales resultados corresponde a valores de rugosidad con un n promedio de 0.016 que al ser relacionado con el n inicial de diseño que corresponde a un 0.011 se puede apreciar que habido una variación el cual se ve influenciado por distintos factores externos, factores que respaldan el valor obtenido a través de la ecuación de manning afectando la eficiencia hidráulica obteniendo un porcentaje promedio de 81% del 100% del diseño inicial, concluyendo que dicho valor de rugosidad esta fuera del rango teórico para canales de cemento con superficie pulida

IL-4 Is a Potent Modulator of Ion Transport in the Human Bronchial Epithelium In Vitro

AbstractRecent data show that proinflammatory stimuli may modify significantly ion transport in the airway epithelium and therefore the properties of the airway surface fluid. We have studied the effect of IL-4, a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, on transepithelial ion transport in the human bronchial epithelium in vitro. Incubation of polarized bronchial epithelial cells with IL-4 for 6–48 h causes a marked inhibition of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel as measured in short circuit current experiments. On the other hand, IL-4 evokes a 2-fold increase in the current activated by a cAMP analog, which reflects the activity of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Similarly, IL-4 enhances the response to apical UTP, an agonist that activates Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels. These effects are mimicked by IL-13 and blocked by an antagonist of IL-4Rα. RT-PCR experiments show that IL-4 elicits a 7-fold decrease in the level of the γ amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel mRNA, one of the subunits of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel, and an increase in CFTR mRNA. Our data suggest that IL-4 may favor the hydration of the airway surface by decreasing Na+ absorption and increasing Cl− secretion. This could be required to fluidify the mucus, which is hypersecreted during inflammatory conditions. On the other hand, the modifications of ion transport could also affect the ion composition of airway surface fluid

A matemática aplicada à astronomia para o ensino básico: concepções de discentes e relato de experiência de uma oficina

Resumo: Neste artigo relatamos uma experiência de realização de uma oficina para um grupo de 30 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Médio que participaram de um projeto de extensão da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Paraná) denominado TIME – Teoria e Investigação em Matemática Elementar. Na oficina relacionamos matemática e astronomia com uma proposta de construção do instrumento Quadrante. Ademais, com a finalidade de entender as concepções dos discentes sobre geometria nãoeuclidiana e conhecimentos sobre astronomia, elaboramos um questionário respondido previamente. A investigação efetuada se baseou nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva. As nossas observações mostram que o trabalho com a astronomia possibilitou aos estudantes desenvolverem noções sobre geometria não euclidiana e euclidiana para o entendimento do funcionamento do instrumento. Além disso, testificamos a fragilidade relacionada ao pouco conhecimento dos estudantes da Educação Básica no que diz respeito aos conceitos básicos de Astronomia.Palavras-chave: Geometria não Euclidiana; Astronomia de Posição; Instrumento Astronômico. Mathematics applied to astronomy in the framework of basic education: conceptions of discents and experience report of a workshopAbstract: In this article we report an experience of conducting a workshop aimed at a group of 30 elementary and high school students who participated in an extension project at the State University of Maringá (Paraná) called TIME – Teoria e Investigação em Matemática Elementar (Theory and Research in Elementary Mathematics). In the workshop we related mathematics and astronomy to a proposal to build the Quadrant instrument. Furthermore,in order to understand students’ conceptions about non-Euclidean geometry and knowledge about astronomy, we prepared a questionnaire previously answered. The investigation carried out is based on the assumptions of qualitative research of the descriptive type. Our observations show that working with astronomy enabled students to develop notions about non-Euclidean and Euclidean geometry to understand how the instrument works. In addition, we testify the fragility related to the lack of knowledge of Basic Education students regarding the basic concepts of Astronomy.Keywords: Non-Euclidean Geometry; Positional Astronomy; Astronomical Instrument.

The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. VII. The third XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue

Thanks to the large collecting area (3 x ~1500 cm$^2$ at 1.5 keV) and wide field of view (30' across in full field mode) of the X-ray cameras on board the European Space Agency X-ray observatory XMM-Newton, each individual pointing can result in the detection of hundreds of X-ray sources, most of which are newly discovered. Recently, many improvements in the XMM-Newton data reduction algorithms have been made. These include enhanced source characterisation and reduced spurious source detections, refined astrometric precision, greater net sensitivity and the extraction of spectra and time series for fainter sources, with better signal-to-noise. Further, almost 50\% more observations are in the public domain compared to 2XMMi-DR3, allowing the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre (XMM-SSC) to produce a much larger and better quality X-ray source catalogue. The XMM-SSC has developed a pipeline to reduce the XMM-Newton data automatically and using improved calibration a new catalogue version has been produced from XMM-Newton data made public by 2013 Dec. 31 (13 years of data). Manual screening ensures the highest data quality. This catalogue is known as 3XMM. In the latest release, 3XMM-DR5, there are 565962 X-ray detections comprising 396910 unique X-ray sources. For the 133000 brightest sources, spectra and lightcurves are provided. For all detections, the positions on the sky, a measure of the quality of the detection, and an evaluation of the X-ray variability is provided, along with the fluxes and count rates in 7 X-ray energy bands, the total 0.2-12 keV band counts, and four hardness ratios. To identify the detections, a cross correlation with 228 catalogues is also provided for each X-ray detection. 3XMM-DR5 is the largest X-ray source catalogue ever produced. Thanks to the large array of data products, it is an excellent resource in which to find new and extreme objects.Comment: 23 pages, version accepted for publication in A&

Exchange Anisotropy in Epitaxial and Polycrystalline NiO/NiFe Bilayers

(001) oriented NiO/NiFe bilayers were grown on single crystal MgO (001) substrates by ion beam sputtering in order to determine the effect that the crystalline orientation of the NiO antiferromagnetic layer has on the magnetization curve of the NiFe ferromagnetic layer. Simple models predict no exchange anisotropy for the (001)-oriented surface, which in its bulk termination is magnetically compensated. Nonetheless exchange anisotropy is present in the epitaxial films, although it is approximately half as large as in polycrystalline films that were grown simultaneously. Experiments show that differences in exchange field and coercivity between polycrystalline and epitaxial NiFe/NiO bilayers couples arise due to variations in induced surface anisotropy and not from differences in the degree of compensation of the terminating NiO plane. Implications of these observations for models of induced exchange anisotropy in NiO/NiFe bilayer couples will be discussed.Comment: 23 pages in RevTex format, submitted to Phys Rev B

Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments : A Pan-Arctic synthesis

Natural Environment Research Council (GrantNumber(s): NE/J023094/1; Grant recipient(s): Ursula Witte) ArcticNet (GrantNumber(s): Hotspot biodiversity project; Grant recipient(s): Philippe Archambault)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Intensified and protective CD4+ T cell immunity in mice with anti–dendritic cell HIV gag fusion antibody vaccine

Current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine approaches emphasize prime boost strategies comprising multiple doses of DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vectors. We are developing a protein-based approach that directly harnesses principles for generating T cell immunity. Vaccine is delivered to maturing dendritic cells in lymphoid tissue by engineering protein antigen into an antibody to DEC-205, a receptor for antigen presentation. Here we characterize the CD4+ T cell immune response to HIV gag and compare efficacy with other vaccine strategies in a single dose. DEC-205–targeted HIV gag p24 or p41 induces stronger CD4+ T cell immunity relative to high doses of gag protein, HIV gag plasmid DNA, or recombinant adenovirus-gag. High frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ– and interleukin 2–producing CD4+ T cells are elicited, including double cytokine-producing cells. In addition, the response is broad because the primed mice respond to an array of peptides in different major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. Long-lived T cell memory is observed. After subcutaneous vaccination, CD4+ and IFN-γ–dependent protection develops to a challenge with recombinant vaccinia-gag virus at a mucosal surface, the airway. We suggest that a DEC-targeted vaccine, in part because of an unusually strong and protective CD4+ T cell response, will improve vaccine efficacy as a stand-alone approach or with other modalities

2-D And 3-D Numerical Modeling Of Dam Break Waves Over Moveable Beds

Dam-break waves over movable beds are multi-physical processes that involve rapidly varying flows, intense sediment transport and significant alteration in bed morphology. In turn, this change in morphology may strongly affect the maximum water levels and arrival time of the wave front, which are the main characteristics to consider for use in risk assessment. In this paper, we report numerical simulations of dam-break waves induced sediment transport using the open source Telemac-Mascaret modeling system (www.opentelemac.org). The 3D hydrodynamic model, TELEMAC-3D, and the 2D depth-averaged hydrodynamic model, TELEMAC-2D, are used. Both models are internally coupled with the sediment transport module SISYPHE. Bed load rate is calculated using empirical formula and bed geometry is updated using the Exner equation. We simulate a laboratory experiment of dam break waves over sandy beds performed at Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium) in the framework of the NSF-PIRE project “Modelling of Flood Hazards and Geomorphic Impacts of Levee Breach and Dam Failure”. Comparisons between numerical results and measurements are based on the final bed topography after the passage of the wave as well as water level evolution recorded at selected gauging stations. Both numerical models provide reliable results: the water free-surface is accurately reproduced, with the 3D model yielding better results at the gauge stations located far downstream from the gate. Regarding the bed evolution, scouring around the location of the collapsed dam and sediment deposition further downstream are well captured, but magnitude of bed changes is underpredicted