Two-year experience in laparoscopic colorectal surgery in a healthcare service in Salvador: a critical analysis

AbstractIntroductionlaparoscopic colorectal surgery has become a viable access route since the beginning of 1990, using Jacobs’ technique. Its outcomes are decrease in hospitalization length, early return to routine activities, better esthetic results and less postoperative pain.Objectiveto report a series of patients treated by a team using videolaparoscopic access route in colorectal surgery.Material and methodsretrospective, descriptive study carried out in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, from April of 2010 to May 2012.Resultsa total of 81 procedures were analyzed; 59.3% of cases were females, mean age was 58.3 years. Benign illness was treated in 48.1% to the patients. Rectosigmoidectomy was carried out in 41.5% and right colectomy in 21%. Intraoperative complications were observed in 3.7% and postoperative in 21% of cases, with a conversion rate of 6.2%.Conclusionthe laparoscopic procedure showed to be safe and the surgeon's training results in better outcomes in this series

VAAFT - Videoassisted anal fistula treatment: A new approach for anal fistula

AbstractIntroductionAnal fistula is an epithelised path between the rectum or anal canal and the perianal region. The use of laparoscopic surgery with a minimally invasive procedure has led to the development of video-assisted surgical treatment of anal fistula.ObjectiveTo describe the surgical technique VAAFT as a new approach to fistula.ConclusionThis is a safe and reproducible procedure. It enables the study of the entire fistula, obtaining the identification of accessory paths, cavitations and of the inner hole. More studies should be published for a better analysis of this technique, as well as to have a long-term outcome with new publications

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Inclusive search for supersymmetry using razor variables in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Impact of transanal endoscopic microsurgery on anorectal function: a prospective clinical, functional, and quality of life investigation before and after surgery

Introdução: Descrita em 1983 e de sólida aplicação clínica, o impacto da microcirurgia endoscópica transanal (TEM) sobre a função anorretal permanece pouco conhecido. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar o impacto da TEM na função anorretal conforme avaliações clínicas (Wexner score) e funcional (manometria anorretal) antes e após a cirurgia. Método: Prospectivamente, 23 pacientes consecutivos com lesões retais foram operados com o uso do equipamento TEO® (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Alemanha). Para todos os pacientes, o valor do escore de Wexner foi obtido antes e após a cirurgia (7, 30 e 90 dias), e a eletromanometria anorretal foi realizada antes da cirurgia e também no pós-operatório (30 e 90 dias). Resultados: Quatorze pacientes eram homens. A idade média foi 53,7 (24-81) anos. A distância média da lesão à linha pectínea foi de 7 (2-15) cm. A histopatologia revelou adenoma em 14 (61%), tumor neuroendócrino em 5 (21,7%), carcinoma invasivo em 3 (13%) e pólipo hiperplásico em 1 (4,3%) caso. A duração média do seguimento pós-operatório foi de 5 (3-7) meses. O escore de Wexner foi significativamente menor aos 30 dias em comparação com 7 dias (Wilcoxon, p = 0,03). A capacidade retal foi significativamente menor aos 30 dias após a cirurgia e recuperada aos 90 dias após a cirurgia (ANOVA, p = 0,04). Conclusões: Após TEM, um impacto modesto na função anorretal pode ser observado. O comprometimento transitório resulta de perda de capacidade retal e não por comprometimento dos esfíncteres anais cessando completamente 90 dias após a cirurgia. Em última análise, não conseguimos detectar um impacto na qualidade de vida após TEMBackground: The impact of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) on anorectal function remains poorly available, particularly when considering that the technique involves undertaking full- or partial-thickness excision of the rectal wall. Moreover, in spite of wide adoption of TEM, its impact on quality of life remains unknown since most evidence derives from retrospective studies. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the impact of TEM on sphincter function determined by clinical (Wexner score), functional (anorectal manometry), and quality of life (FIQL) evaluations conducted before and after surgery. Design: prospective, observational, single-center, 23 consecutive patients with rectal lesions underwent were operated on using the TEO® equipment (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Wexner and FIQL scores were obtained before and after surgery (7 days, 30 days and 90 days postoperatively). Anorectal manometry was obtained before surgery, and postoperatively after 30 and 90 days. Main Outcome Measures: Wexner and FIQL scores; anorectal manometry results. Results: Fourteen patients were men. Mean age was 53.7 (24-81) yrs. Mean distance from the lesion to the dentate line was 7 (2-15) cm. A full- thickness resection was undertaken in 18 (78.3%) cases. Histopathology revealed adenoma in 14 (61%), neuroendocrine tumor in 5 (21.7%), invasive carcinoma in 3 (13%), and hyperplastic polyp in 1 (4.3%) case. Postoperative rectal wound separation occurred in 2 patients and 1 patient developed atrial fibrillation. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 5 (3-7) months. Overall, Wexner score significantly declined between postoperative days 7 and 30 (Wilcoxon, p = 0.03). Rectal compliance exhibited significant decline 30 days after surgery and recovery at 90 days after surgery (ANOVA, p = 0.04). It was not possible to measure any difference in the FIQL results before and after surgery. Limitations: small sample size; limited follow-up. Conclusions: Following TEM, a modest impact on anorectal function could be confirmed. Interestingly, anorectal function impairment after surgery was not due to sphincter dysfunction, but resulted from loss of rectal compliance. Ultimately, we could not detect a significant impact on quality of life after TE

Impact of transanal endoscopic microsurgery on anorectal function: a prospective clinical, functional, and quality of life investigation before and after surgery

Introdução: Descrita em 1983 e de sólida aplicação clínica, o impacto da microcirurgia endoscópica transanal (TEM) sobre a função anorretal permanece pouco conhecido. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar o impacto da TEM na função anorretal conforme avaliações clínicas (Wexner score) e funcional (manometria anorretal) antes e após a cirurgia. Método: Prospectivamente, 23 pacientes consecutivos com lesões retais foram operados com o uso do equipamento TEO® (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Alemanha). Para todos os pacientes, o valor do escore de Wexner foi obtido antes e após a cirurgia (7, 30 e 90 dias), e a eletromanometria anorretal foi realizada antes da cirurgia e também no pós-operatório (30 e 90 dias). Resultados: Quatorze pacientes eram homens. A idade média foi 53,7 (24-81) anos. A distância média da lesão à linha pectínea foi de 7 (2-15) cm. A histopatologia revelou adenoma em 14 (61%), tumor neuroendócrino em 5 (21,7%), carcinoma invasivo em 3 (13%) e pólipo hiperplásico em 1 (4,3%) caso. A duração média do seguimento pós-operatório foi de 5 (3-7) meses. O escore de Wexner foi significativamente menor aos 30 dias em comparação com 7 dias (Wilcoxon, p = 0,03). A capacidade retal foi significativamente menor aos 30 dias após a cirurgia e recuperada aos 90 dias após a cirurgia (ANOVA, p = 0,04). Conclusões: Após TEM, um impacto modesto na função anorretal pode ser observado. O comprometimento transitório resulta de perda de capacidade retal e não por comprometimento dos esfíncteres anais cessando completamente 90 dias após a cirurgia. Em última análise, não conseguimos detectar um impacto na qualidade de vida após TEMBackground: The impact of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) on anorectal function remains poorly available, particularly when considering that the technique involves undertaking full- or partial-thickness excision of the rectal wall. Moreover, in spite of wide adoption of TEM, its impact on quality of life remains unknown since most evidence derives from retrospective studies. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the impact of TEM on sphincter function determined by clinical (Wexner score), functional (anorectal manometry), and quality of life (FIQL) evaluations conducted before and after surgery. Design: prospective, observational, single-center, 23 consecutive patients with rectal lesions underwent were operated on using the TEO® equipment (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Wexner and FIQL scores were obtained before and after surgery (7 days, 30 days and 90 days postoperatively). Anorectal manometry was obtained before surgery, and postoperatively after 30 and 90 days. Main Outcome Measures: Wexner and FIQL scores; anorectal manometry results. Results: Fourteen patients were men. Mean age was 53.7 (24-81) yrs. Mean distance from the lesion to the dentate line was 7 (2-15) cm. A full- thickness resection was undertaken in 18 (78.3%) cases. Histopathology revealed adenoma in 14 (61%), neuroendocrine tumor in 5 (21.7%), invasive carcinoma in 3 (13%), and hyperplastic polyp in 1 (4.3%) case. Postoperative rectal wound separation occurred in 2 patients and 1 patient developed atrial fibrillation. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 5 (3-7) months. Overall, Wexner score significantly declined between postoperative days 7 and 30 (Wilcoxon, p = 0.03). Rectal compliance exhibited significant decline 30 days after surgery and recovery at 90 days after surgery (ANOVA, p = 0.04). It was not possible to measure any difference in the FIQL results before and after surgery. Limitations: small sample size; limited follow-up. Conclusions: Following TEM, a modest impact on anorectal function could be confirmed. Interestingly, anorectal function impairment after surgery was not due to sphincter dysfunction, but resulted from loss of rectal compliance. Ultimately, we could not detect a significant impact on quality of life after TE

Is total mesocolon excision necessary? A systematic review

Complete mesocolon excision is an alternative in the treatment of neoplasias. The open technique was initially described for the procedure; however, it has some limitations. In this scenario, videolaparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive alternative; however, its use in complete mesocolon excision is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the results of videolaparoscopic complete mesocolon excision. A systematic review of the literature was performed for this study. Nine articles were selected, comprising 860 patients. The surgical results demonstrate the quality of the videolaparoscopic technique, which presents low morbidity and mortality and high survival rates after five years. Videolaparoscopy is a safe and effective method for complete mesocolon excision. Resumo: A excisão completa do mesocolon constitui-se como alternativa para o tratamento de neoplasias. A técnica aberta foi descrita inicialmente para a realização do procedimento, no entanto apresenta algumas limitações. Nesse cenário a cirurgia por videolaparoscopia apresenta-se como alternativa minimamente invasiva, no entanto sua empregabilidade para a excisão completa do mesocolon é motivo de controvérsia. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os resultados oriundos da cirurgia por videolaparoscopia aplicada à excisão completa do mesocolon. A revisão sistemática da literatura foi utilizada para a realização deste estudo. Nove artigos científicos foram selecionados, compreendendo 860 pacientes. Os resultados cirúrgicos demonstram a qualidade da técnica por videolaparoscopia, que apresenta baixa morbidade e mortalidade e com altas taxas de sobrevivência após cinco anos. A videolaparoscopia aplicada à excisão completa do mesocolon apresenta qualidade que possibilita a realização da excisão completa do mesocolon de forma segura e eficaz. Keywords: Morbidity, Mortality Videolaparoscopy, Palavras-chave: Morbidade, Mortalidade, Videolaparoscopi