Resistivity and the Hall effect in polycrystalline Ni-Cu and Ta-Cu multi-layered thin films

Reiss G, Vancea J, Kapfberger K, Meier G, Hoffmann H. Resistivity and the Hall effect in polycrystalline Ni-Cu and Ta-Cu multi-layered thin films. Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter. 1989;1(7):1275-1283.In the present paper the dependences of the resistivity p and the Hall voltage UH of polycrystalline Ni-Cu and Ta-Cu multi-layered thin films on the layer thickness dr are discussed. The thickness dependence of p and UH can be well understood using a simple model in which the layers are considered as parallel resistors, whereby the resistivity of a single layer is enhanced via surface scattering described by the well known Fuchs-Namba size theory. The Hall coefficients are independent of the layer thickness, although the measured Hall voltage varies with dr owing to the enhancement of the individual layer resistivities. For very thin layers, i.e. if the layer thickness becomes smaller than the layer roughness, the experimental data on both p and UH indicate a breakdown of the multi-layered structure to an island-like clustered film structure. For Ni-Cu a crossover from ferroparamagnetic to superparamagnetic behaviour was observed at this critical thickness

Организационная культура в контексте социолого-управленческого подхода: новые аспекты феномена

Рассматриваются особенности нового социолого-управленческого подхода, обосновывается, что он является комплексным, сочетающим системный, деятельностный и феноменологический подходы. Возможность сочетания в одном подходе трех других базируется на полипарадигмальности социологии. Методы. Основу исследования составляют фундаментальные идеи социологии, сравнительный анализ, междисциплинарный подход. Результаты. Организационная культура анализируется с позиции социолого-управленческого подхода. Он позволяет рассматривать организационную культуру как объективно-субъективное образование в единстве трех составляющих. На основе первой составляющей, базирующейся на системном подходе, культура организации рассматривается как сложная система. На основании второй составляющей, базирующейся на деятельностления», как способ деятельности организации. Третья составляющая, базирующаяся на феноменологическом подходе, позволяет говорить о культуре организации как о культурном поле конструирования социальной реальности. Будучи системной, культура организации имеет ряд особенных свойств. Подход к организационной культуре как «субъекту управления» позволяет выявить такие ее особенности, как способность регулировать действия индивидов, упорядочивание организационных социальных процессов, придание смысла существования, объединение индивидов в общие социокультурные пространства, участие в преобразованиях и вещей, и человека. В пределах культуры организации осуществляется постоянное конструирование социальной реальности. В результате организации предстают как системы, в которых коллективные действия сознательно координируются. Социолого-управленческий подход получил эмпирическую проверку в процессе исследования организационной культуры организаций малого бизнеса.The author considers the features of the new sociologic-management approach and justifies that it is integrated, combining system, activity and phenomenological approaches. The possibility of combining three other approaches in one is based on polyparadigmality of sociology. Methods. Fundamental sociological ideas, comparative analysis, interdisciplinary approach are foundation of the research. The results. The sociological and managerial approach is applied to such a phenomenon of social reality as an organizational culture. The sociological and managerial approach focuses on the fact that organizational culture as an objectively-subjective entity is a complex system (a systematic approach), first of all, included in higher-level systems. It has a complex system structure. Secondly, it is a «subject of management» and it characterizes the way the organization works (activity approach). Thirdly, it is a cultural area for construction of social reality (a phenomenological approach). As a complex system, the organization culture has a complex internal structure and is characterized by a number of essential properties. Organizational culture as a «subject of management » regulates the actions of people, social processes in the organization, gives meaning orientation through ensuring the continuity of social experience, socialization, integration of people into unified sociocultural continuums, the common cultural area, participates in the transformation of human beings. As a result, organizations appear as systems in which collective actions are consciously coordinated. The sociological and managerial approach has been empirically tested in investigation of the organizational culture of small business organizations

Language and memory for object location

In three experiments, we investigated the influence of two types of language on memory for object location: demonstratives (this, that) and possessives (my, your). Participants first read instructions containing demonstratives/possessives to place objects at different locations, and then had to recall those object locations (following object removal). Experiments 1 and 2 tested contrasting predictions of two possible accounts of language on object location memory: the Expectation Model (Coventry, Griffiths, & Hamilton, 2014) and the congruence account (Bonfiglioli, Finocchiaro, Gesierich, Rositani, & Vescovi, 2009). In Experiment 3, the role of attention allocation as a possible mechanism was investigated. Results across all three experiments show striking effects of language on object location memory, with the pattern of data supporting the Expectation Model. In this model, the expected location cued by language and the actual location are concatenated leading to (mis)memory for object location, consistent with models of predictive coding (Bar, 2009; Friston, 2003)

Literatur-Rundschau

Christian Klenk: Ein deutscher Papst wird Medienstar. Benedikt XVI. und der Kölner Weltjugendtag in der Presse (Rene Schlott)Manfred Lütz: Gott - eine kleine Geschichte des Größten (Hubert Feichtlbauer)Andrea Weil: Der öffenthchen Meinung entgegentreten. Erich Schairers publizistische Opposition gegen die Nationalsozialisten 1930-1937 (Kurt Koszyk)Peter Merseburger: Rudolf Augstein. Biographie (Wolfgang R. Langenbucher)Rüdiger Funiok: Medienethik. Verantwortung in der Mediengesellschaft (Claus Eurich)Alexander Filipovic: Öffenthche Kommunikation in der Wissensgesellschaft. Sozialethische Analysen (Horst Pöttker)Michael Schramm: Der unterhaltsame Gott. Theologie populärer Filme (Benjamin Städter)Matthias Bemstorf: Emst und Leichtigkeit. Wege zu einer unterhaltsamen Kommunikation des Evangeliums (Daniel Meier)Michael Meyen/Maria Löblich (Hg.): "Ich habe dieses Fach erfunden." Wie die Kommunikationswissenschaft an die deutschsprachigen Universitäten kam. 19 biografische Interviews (Franzisca Weder

BLUF Domain Function Does Not Require a Metastable Radical Intermediate State

BLUF (blue light using flavin) domain proteins are an important family of blue light-sensing proteins which control a wide variety of functions in cells. The primary light-activated step in the BLUF domain is not yet established. A number of experimental and theoretical studies points to a role for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between a highly conserved tyrosine and the flavin chromophore to form a radical intermediate state. Here we investigate the role of PET in three different BLUF proteins, using ultrafast broadband transient infrared spectroscopy. We characterize and identify infrared active marker modes for excited and ground state species and use them to record photochemical dynamics in the proteins. We also generate mutants which unambiguously show PET and, through isotope labeling of the protein and the chromophore, are able to assign modes characteristic of both flavin and protein radical states. We find that these radical intermediates are not observed in two of the three BLUF domains studied, casting doubt on the importance of the formation of a population of radical intermediates in the BLUF photocycle. Further, unnatural amino acid mutagenesis is used to replace the conserved tyrosine with fluorotyrosines, thus modifying the driving force for the proposed electron transfer reaction; the rate changes observed are also not consistent with a PET mechanism. Thus, while intermediates of PET reactions can be observed in BLUF proteins they are not correlated with photoactivity, suggesting that radical intermediates are not central to their operation. Alternative nonradical pathways including a keto–enol tautomerization induced by electronic excitation of the flavin ring are considered

Status Of The FAIR Synchrotron Projects SIS18 And SIS100

A large fraction of the program to upgrade the existingheavy ion synchrotron SIS18 as injector for the FAIR synchrotron SIS100 has been successfully completed. With the achieved technical status, a major increase of theaccelerated number of heavy ions could be reached. Thenow available performance especially demonstrates thefeasibility of high intensity beams of medium charge stateheavy ions with a sufficient control of the dynamicvacuum and connected charge exchange loss. Two furtherupgrade measures, the installation of additional magneticalloy (MA) acceleration cavities and the exchange of themain dipole power converter, are presently beingimplemented. For the FAIR synchrotron SIS100, theprocurement of all major components with longproduction times has been started. With the delivery andtesting of several pre-series components, the phase ofoutstanding technical reserach and developments could becompleted and the readiness for series productionachieved

Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts from Six Magnetars

Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are thought to be magnetars: neutron stars powered by extreme magnetic fields. These rare objects are characterized by repeated and sometimes spectacular gamma-ray bursts. The burst mechanism might involve crustal fractures and excitation of non-radial modes which would emit gravitational waves (GWs). We present the results of a search for GW bursts from six galactic magnetars that is sensitive to neutron star f-modes, thought to be the most efficient GW emitting oscillatory modes in compact stars. One of them, SGR 0501+4516, is likely similar to 1 kpc from Earth, an order of magnitude closer than magnetars targeted in previous GW searches. A second, AXP 1E 1547.0-5408, gave a burst with an estimated isotropic energy >10(44) erg which is comparable to the giant flares. We find no evidence of GWs associated with a sample of 1279 electromagnetic triggers from six magnetars occurring between 2006 November and 2009 June, in GW data from the LIGO, Virgo, and GEO600 detectors. Our lowest model-dependent GW emission energy upper limits for band-and time-limited white noise bursts in the detector sensitive band, and for f-mode ringdowns (at 1090 Hz), are 3.0 x 10(44)d(1)(2) erg and 1.4 x 10(47)d(1)(2) erg, respectively, where d(1) = d(0501)/1 kpc and d(0501) is the distance to SGR 0501+4516. These limits on GW emission from f-modes are an order of magnitude lower than any previous, and approach the range of electromagnetic energies seen in SGR giant flares for the first time.United States National Science FoundationScience and Technology Facilities Council of the United KingdomMax-Planck-SocietyState of Niedersachsen/GermanyItalian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareFrench Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueAustralian Research CouncilCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research of IndiaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of ItalySpanish Ministerio de Educacion y CienciaConselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes BalearsFoundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific ResearchPolish Ministry of Science and Higher EducationFoundation for Polish ScienceRoyal SocietyScottish Funding CouncilScottish Universities Physics AllianceNational Aeronautics and Space Administration NNH07ZDA001-GLASTCarnegie TrustLeverhulme TrustDavid and Lucile Packard FoundationResearch CorporationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationRussian Space AgencyRFBR 09-02-00166aIPN JPL Y503559 (Odyssey), NASA NNG06GH00G, NASA NNX07AM42G, NASA NNX08AC89G (INTEGRAL), NASA NNG06GI896, NASA NNX07AJ65G, NASA NNX08AN23G (Swift), NASA NNX07AR71G (MESSENGER), NASA NNX06AI36G, NASA NNX08AB84G, NASA NNX08AZ85G (Suzaku), NASA NNX09AU03G (Fermi)Astronom