La construcción social del espacio urbano: reflexiones sobre las migraciones vascas hacia Barcelona en el siglo XX

Este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la ocupación, la construcción social y el uso de los espacios urbanos en tanto que espacios de "identidad", utilizando dos ejemplos procedentes de la investigación que he llevado a cabo durante la última década en relación con los vascos que viven en Cataluña: el fenómeno gastronómico vasco en Barcelona y la Korricursa, la Korrika vascobarcelonesa.Artikulu honek okupazioaz, gizartearen eraikuntzaz eta "nortasun" espazio diren heinean hiriespazioen erabileraz gogoeta egitea du helburu, horretarako Catalunyan bizi diren euskaldunekin zerikusirik duen azken hamarkadan zehar egindako ikerketatik eratorritako adibide bi erabiliz: Bartzelonan euskal gastronomiaren fenomenoa eta euskalkatalandar Korrika den Korricursa deritzona.Cet article tente de faire une réflexion sur l'occupation, la construction sociale et l'usage des espaces urbains en tant qu'espaces "d'identité", en utilisant deux exemples provenant de la recherche menée à bien durant la dernière décennie concernant les basques qui vivent en Catalogne: le phénomène gastronomique basque à Barcelone et la Korricursa, la Korrika basco barcelonaise.The intention of this article is to reflect on the occupation, social construction and use of urban spaces as spaces of "identity", using two examples from the research I have carried out during the last decade on Basques living in Catalonia: the Basque gastronomic phenomenon in Barcelona and the Korricursa, the Basque-Barcelonian Korrika

El turismo deportivo: visiones críticas sobre posibilidades de desarrollo local en España y México

Esta ponencia aborda los límites y riesgos del turismo deportivo para ello los autores estructuran el artículo en tres partes: en una primera parte se observan las tendencias y líneas de evolución que se manifiestan en el deporte y en el turismo; en segundo lugar recuperamos los elementos que hacen del turismo deportivo un potencial de desarrollo local; y en la tercera parte analizamos sus claroscuros y límites: riesgos sociales y medioambientales

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Two warm Neptunes transiting HIP 9618 revealed by TESS and Cheops

peer reviewedHIP 9618 (HD 12572, TOI-1471, TIC 306263608) is a bright (G = 9.0 mag) solar analogue. TESS photometry revealed the star to have two candidate planets with radii of 3.9 ± 0.044 R (HIP 9618 b) and 3.343 ± 0.039 R (HIP 9618 c). While the 20.77291 d period of HIP 9618 b was measured unambiguously, HIP 9618 c showed only two transits separated by a 680-d gap in the time series, leaving many possibilities for the period. To solve this issue, CHEOPS performed targeted photometry of period aliases to attempt to recover the true period of planet c, and successfully determined the true period to be 52.56349 d. High-resolution spectroscopy with HARPS-N, SOPHIE, and CAFE revealed a mass of 10.0 ± 3.1M for HIP 9618 b, which, according to our interior structure models, corresponds to a 6.8 ± 1.4 per cent gas fraction. HIP 9618 c appears to have a lower mass than HIP 9618 b, with a 3-sigma upper limit of 50 d, opening the door for the atmospheric characterization of warm (Teq < 750 K) sub-Neptunes

III Congreso Mundial de Colectividades Vascas en el Exterior, o la consolidación de un proyecto para la diáspora vasca

Entre los días 14 y 18 de julio de 2003, y auspiciado por la Secretaría de Acción Exterior del Gobierno Vasco, tuvo lugar en Vitoria-Gasteiz el "III Congreso Mundial de Colectividades Vascas", bajo el lema "Aurrera goaz"

Lisbona Guillén, Miguel. Sacrificio y castigo entre los zoques de Chiapas. Cargos, intercambios y enredos étnicos en Tapilula

Reseña bibliográfica de esta obra del antropólogo Miguel Lisbona sobre los zoques de chiapas

Localidad, cultura, turismo y desarrollo: el caso del turismo del vino en la DOQ Priorat y la DO Montsant (Cataluña)

Este artículo analiza dos denominaciones de origen catalanas: la DO Montsant, y la DOQ Priorat, un destino emergente de turismo del vino con voluntad de proyección de futuro. Analizaremos el estado actual de la cuestión y las problemáticas del turismo del vino en este destino, así como posibles recomendaciones de cara al futuro.Artikulu honetan Kataluniako bi jatorri deitura analizatzen dira: DO Montsant eta DOQ Priorat, goraka ari den ardoaren turismoaren norakoa eta etorkizun handiko borondatea duena. Gaur egun zertan dagoen eta ardoaren turismoaren arazoak analizatuko ditugu honi dagokionez, baita etorkizunari begira egin litezkeen gomendio batzuk egin ere.Cet article analyse deux dénominations d'origine catalanes: le DO Montsant, et la DOQ Priorat, une destination émergente du tourisme du vin avec le désir de se projeter dans l'avenir. Nous analyserons l'état actuel de la question et les problématiques du tourisme du vin à cet endroit, ainsi que d'éventuelles recommandations face à l'avenir.The aim of this article is to analyze two Geographic Indications of Catalan wine: the DO Mont sant and the DOQ Priorat, an emerging destination for wine tourism with an important future projection. We analyze the state of the art and the problems of the wine tourism in these destinations, as well as possible recommendations for the future

El ámbito festivo como vehículo de proyección exterior: la recreación de la fiesta como elemento de la identidad vasca en Cataluña

La fiesta es un instrumento privilegiado para la recreación de la identidad y para la proyección exterior del "nosotros". Revisaremos aquí la promoción de elementos festivos vascos en Cataluña como elemento de cohesión social y de identidad colectiva en la diáspora vasca y como un escaparate que proyecta una imagen construida del grupo hacia el resto de la sociedad.Jaia baliabide bikaina da identitatea agertarazteko eta "gu" hori kanpora proiektatzeko. Lan honetan Katalunian egiten den euskal jaien elementuen promozioa aztertuko dugu, bai euskal diasporaren gizarte kohesio eta talde identitatearen elementu gisa bai eta gizarte osoari taldearen irudi eratua proiektatzen duen erakusleiho gisa ere.La fête est un instrument exceptionnel pour la recréation de l'identité et pour la projection extérieure du "nous". Nous réviserons ici la promotion d'éléments festifs basque en Catalogne comme élément de cohésion sociale et d'identité collective dans la diaspora basque et comme une vitrine qui projette une image construite du groupe vers le reste de la société.Festivities are a privileged instrument for the recreation of identity and for the outward projection of "what we are". We shall be reviewing here the promotion of Basque festive elements in Catalonia as an element of social cohesion and collective identity in the Basque diaspora and as a showcase that projects are constructed group image towards the rest of society