Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de las Normas de Bioseguridad por el personal de atención de partos de la Clínica Materno Infantil de Guayape, Olancho, Honduras en el período Enero a Febrero de 2018

Estudio CAP, descriptivo de corte transversal. Participaron 11 recursos que laboran atendiendo partos en la Clínica, 100% pertenecen al sexo femenino; todas tienen como mínimo educación media y las Auxiliares de Enfermería constituyeron la mayoría de los encuestados y el 64% (7) tienen entre 16 a 20 años de laborar en el servicio. El 100% desconoce la existencia de la norma de bioseguridad, aunque en general tiene un conocimiento del 91% sobre ellas; se encontró un 97% de actitud positiva en la necesidad del uso de guantes estériles, mascarilla y gafas al atender partos, desinfección y eliminación adecuada de jeringas usadas; el 53% de los participantes describen cumplirlas. En la práctica real, solo el 22% usa gafas y el 33% usa mascarilla y solo el 56% cumple las medidas por igual con todas las usuarias.El personal, en general, tiene muchos años de trabajar en el servicio, todas son del sexo femenino; tiene un buen conocimiento sobre la Norma de Bioseguridad, una excelente actitud, pero su aplicación en la práctica es deficient

Poliésteres como Biomateriales. Una Revisión: POLIÉSTERES COMO BIOMATERIALES. UNA REVISIÓN

  Los materiales biodegradables se utilizan en envases, agricultura, medicina y otras áreas. Para proporcionar resultados eficientes, cada una de estas aplicaciones demanda materiales con propiedades físicas, químicas, biológicas, biomecánicas y de degradación específicas. Dado que, durante el proceso de síntesis de los poliésteres todas estas propiedades pueden ser ajustadas, estos polímeros representan excelentes candidatos como materiales sintéticos biodegradables y bioabsorbibles para todas estas aplicaciones. La siguiente revisión presenta una visión general de los diferentes poliésteres biodegradables que se están utilizando actualmente y sus propiedades, así como nuevos desarrollos en su síntesis y aplicaciones.   Palabra clave: biomateriales, polímeros biodegradables, poliésteres, policarbonatos, biopolímeros.   Abstract Biodegradable materials are used in packaging, agriculture, medicine, and many other areas. These applications demand materials with specific physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical, and degradation properties to provide efficient results. Since all these properties can be adjusted during the polyesters synthesis process, these polymers represent excellent candidates as biodegradable and bio-absorbable synthetic materials for all these applications. Here, in this review is presented an overview of the different biodegradable polyesters currently used, their properties, and new developments in their synthesis and applications.  Keywords: biomaterials, biodegradable polymers, polyesters, polycarbonates, biopolymers

Physiological and biochemical responses of Eucalyptus seedlings to hypoxia

International audienceAbstractKey messageHypoxia promoted distinct changes in the levels of hormones, amino acids and organic acids in the roots and shoots of a seedling from 2Eucalyptusclones. These results indicate that modulation of hormone production, as well as specific chemical constituents associated with primary metabolism, contributes to the regulation of growth ofEucalyptusseedlings under hypoxic conditions.ContextAlthough floods in areas under Eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil negatively affect plant growth, chemical markers and/or indicators of hypoxia contributes to the regulation.sAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the hormonal and metabolic alterations induced by hypoxia on seedling growth.MethodsSeedlings of Eucalyptus urograndis clones VCC 975 and 1004 were grown in liquid solution and submitted to bubbling with air or with nitrogen. Levels of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), primary metabolite profile and photosynthetic parameters were evaluated after fourteen days.ResultsHypoxia did not affect shoot dry mass of the seedlings. However, it decreased stomatal conductance and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate, and increased levels of ABA in the shoot. Hypoxia greatly reduced the dry mass and volume of roots, concomitantly with higher ACC and ethylene production. Moreover, hypoxia promoted distinct changes in IAA levels, and in amino acid and organic acid metabolism in roots and shoots.ConclusionThe biosynthesis of ABA, ethylene and IAA and its quantity in root tissues indicates the regulation of metabolism in response to hypoxia in Eucalyptus clones

Ethylene synthesis and photosynthetic responses in bean and maize plants exposed to auxins

As auxinas AIA (ácido indol-3-acético), 2,4-D (ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético) e 2,4,5-T (ácido 2,4,5-triclorofenoxiacético) foram aplicadas em plantas de milho (Zea mays, monocotiledônea) e feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, dicotiledônea), visando compreender os mecanismos que levam a respostas diferenciais das plantas de milho e feijão em relação ao metabolismo do etileno. Plantas de milho tratadas com as auxinas não produziram etileno, já o feijão produziu bastante após o tratamento. Após pulverização com as auxinas, o milho não exibiu produção do ácido 1-carboxílico-1-amino-ciclopropano (ACC), fato observado no feijoeiro O rendimento quântico máximo do fotossistema II (razão Fv/Fm) e os níveis dos pigmentos fotossintéticos não foram alterados em plantas de milho tratadas com as auxinas. As plantas de feijão mostraram quedas significativas em ambas variáveis após o tratamento com 2,4-D e 2,4,5-T, mas não com o AIA. A redução nos níveis das clorofilas em plantas de feijão tratadas com 2,4-D e 2,4,5-T relacionou-se com a clorose observada, uma vez que ocorreu uma degradação mais acentuada das clorofilas do que dos carotenoides. As xantofilas também tiveram uma degradação mais acentuada do que o alfa e beta caroteno em plantas de feijão tratadas com 2,4-D e 2,4,5-T. Quando aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) e Co2+ foram fornecidos às plantas de feijão, conjuntamente com as auxinas, não ocorreu queda na razão Fv/Fm e nem no nível dos pigmentos, com exceção do alfa caroteno.Auxins IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were applied on maize (Zea mays, monocot) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, dicot) plants, with the goal to understand the mechanisms that lead to different responses in relation to the metabolism of ethylene. Maize plants treated with auxins did not produce ethylene, whereas beans produced a lot of it after the treatment. After being sprayed with auxins, maize did not produced any 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which was observed on beans. The maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio) and the levels of photosynthetic pigments were not altered in maize plants treated with auxins. Bean plants showed significant decreases in both variables after the treatment with 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, but not with IAA. The reduction of chlorophyll levels in bean plants treated with 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T was related to the observed chlorosis, since there was a more accentuated degradation of chlorophylls than carotenoids. Xantophylls also had a more accentuated degradation than alpha and beta carotene in bean plants treated with 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. When aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and Co2+ were provided to bean plants together with auxins, there was no fall in the Fv/Fm ratio and in the pigment levels, except for the alpha carotene

Mental Health in Students of the Seventh Semester of the UMSNH Faculty of Nursing

La salud mental es un estado de bienestar en el cual cada individuo desarrolla su potencial, puede afrontar las tensiones de la vida, puede trabajar de forma productiva y fructífera, y puede aportar algo a su comunidad (OMS, 2022). De acuerdo al censo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (2020), en el territorio nacional hay un millón 590,583 personas con algún problema o condición mental, el 54% son hombres y 46% son mujeres; el 25.3% de las personas afectadas son de 15 a 29 años. Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de conocimiento en salud mental de los estudiantes del séptimo semestre de la Facultad de Enfermería UMSNH. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, descriptivo y transversal; muestra no probabilística a conveniencia de 197 estudiantes del séptimo semestre de la Facultad de Enfermería, instrumento: escala con 24 ítems, con escala tipo Likert, donde: 1 es nada hasta 5 totalmente de acuerdo. Resultados: se encontró que los estudiantes del séptimo semestre de la Facultad de Enfermería UMSNH cuentan con una adecuada salud mental de acuerdo a la puntuación obtenida por las tres dimensiones.The important of Mental health is state of mind  in which each individual develops a potential mental healt. Whit this condition they can the stresses of life the people we can work productively and fruitfully, and we can contribute something to the  community (WHO, 2022 (OMS, 2022). According to the census of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (2020), in the national territory there are one million 590,583 people with some mental problem or condition, 54% are men and 46% are women; 25.3% of affected people are between 15 and 29 years old. Objective: Evaluate the level of knowledge about the mental health of students in the seventh semester of the UMSNH Faculty of Nursing. Material and Methods: quantitative research, non-experimental, descriptive and transversal design; non-probabilistic convenience sample of 197 students in the seventh semester of the Faculty of Nursing, instrument: scale with 24 items, with a Likert-type scale, where: 1 is not at all to 5 is totally agree. Results: it was found that the students of the seventh semester of the UMSNH Faculty of Nursing have adequate mental health according to the score obtained by the three dimensions

Growth and yield models for black beans under magnetization and pH variation in a greenhouse

Objective: To estimate growth and yield variations in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) treated with a magnetized nutrient solution considering two factors: magnet exposure time and pH level. The significance of this crop lies in its nutritional and economic value. Design/Methodology/Approach: We used a hydroponic system with magnetized Steiner nutrient solution. The design was completely randomized, with a 4 x 6 factorial treatment arrangement and three replications. Factor A comprised exposure times (0.333 hours, 2 hours, chronic, and without magnetization), while Factor B covered solutions with different pH levels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8). We then applied a multiple regression analysis using the SAS software.   Results: Models for vegetative growth variables (plant height, root length, root dry weight, and foliar biomass) and seed yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod) were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Coefficients of determination ranged from 59.7 % to 82 %, percentages considered appropriate to explain the observed variability. Study limitations/Implications: While the models showed acceptable coefficients of determination, it is essential to consider other factors that were not assessed in this study: exposure to sunlight, insect influence, and diseases that could impact the responses of the bean crop. Findings/Conclusions: Appropriate models to describe vegetative growth and seed yield of the common bean, concerning magnetization time and nutrient solution acidity, include variables such as plant height, root length, root dry weight, foliar biomass, total biomass, number of pods, and number of grains per pod

Management and valorisation of wastes through use in producing alkali-activated cement materials

There is a growing global interest in maximising the re-use and recycling of waste, to minimise the environmental impacts associated with waste treatment and disposal. Use of high-volume wastes in the production of blended or novel cements (including alkali-activated cements) is well known as a key pathway by which these wastes can be re-used. This paper presents a critical overview of the urban, agricultural, mining and industrial wastes that have been identified as potential precursors for the production of alkali-activated cement materials, or that can be effectively stabilised/solidified via alkali activation, to assure their safe disposal. The central aim of this review is to elucidate the potential advantages and pitfalls associated with the application of alkali-activation technology to a wide variety of wastes that have been claimed to be suitable for the production of construction materials. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of each waste is reported, accompanied by identification of opportunities for the use of alkali-activation technology for their valorisation and/or management

Regional and experiential differences in surgeon preference for the treatment of cervical facet injuries: a case study survey with the AO Spine Cervical Classification Validation Group

Purpose: The management of cervical facet dislocation injuries remains controversial. The main purpose of this investigation was to identify whether a surgeon’s geographic location or years in practice influences their preferred management of traumatic cervical facet dislocation injuries. Methods: A survey was sent to 272 AO Spine members across all geographic regions and with a variety of practice experience. The survey included clinical case scenarios of cervical facet dislocation injuries and asked responders to select preferences among various diagnostic and management options. Results: A total of 189 complete responses were received. Over 50% of responding surgeons in each region elected to initiate management of cervical facet dislocation injuries with an MRI, with 6 case exceptions. Overall, there was considerable agreement between American and European responders regarding management of these injuries, with only 3 cases exhibiting a significant difference. Additionally, results also exhibited considerable management agreement between those with ≤ 10 and > 10 years of practice experience, with only 2 case exceptions noted. Conclusion: More than half of responders, regardless of geographical location or practice experience, identified MRI as a screening imaging modality when managing cervical facet dislocation injuries, regardless of the status of the spinal cord and prior to any additional intervention. Additionally, a majority of surgeons would elect an anterior approach for the surgical management of these injuries. The study found overall agreement in management preferences of cervical facet dislocation injuries around the globe

Genome-wide associations for birth weight and correlations with adult disease

Birth weight (BW) has been shown to be influenced by both fetal and maternal factors and in observational studies is reproducibly associated with future risk of adult metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. These life-course associations have often been attributed to the impact of an adverse early life environment. Here, we performed a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of BW in 153,781 individuals, identifying 60 loci where fetal genotype was associated with BW ($\textit{P}$  < 5 × 10$^{-8}$). Overall, approximately 15% of variance in BW was captured by assays of fetal genetic variation. Using genetic association alone, we found strong inverse genetic correlations between BW and systolic blood pressure ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.22, $\textit{P}$  = 5.5 × 10$^{-13}$), T2D ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.27, $\textit{P}$  = 1.1 × 10$^{-6}$) and coronary artery disease ($\textit{R}$ $_{g}$ = -0.30, $\textit{P}$  = 6.5 × 10$^{-9}$). In addition, using large -cohort datasets, we demonstrated that genetic factors were the major contributor to the negative covariance between BW and future cardiometabolic risk. Pathway analyses indicated that the protein products of genes within BW-associated regions were enriched for diverse processes including insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, glycogen biosynthesis and chromatin remodelling. There was also enrichment of associations with BW in known imprinted regions ($\textit{P}$ = 1.9 × 10$^{-4}$). We demonstrate that life-course associations between early growth phenotypes and adult cardiometabolic disease are in part the result of shared genetic effects and identify some of the pathways through which these causal genetic effects are mediated.For a full list of the funders pelase visit the publisher's website and look at the supplemetary material provided. Some of the funders are: British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, National Institutes of Health, Royal Society and Wellcome Trust