Evaluación del componente flora en la Línea base y propuesta de revegetación del Plan de Manejo Ambiental en Sechura, Piura

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Departamento Académico de Manejo ForestalEl presente trabajo, consiste en la descripción y análisis de los datos evaluados en campo del componente flora para la elaboración de la línea base biológica de un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental semidetallado para el proyecto de un Parque Eólico en Piura, Perú, ubicado en los Bosques Estacionalmente Secos del Norte de Perú. En el estudio, se determinó la biodiversidad existente y el grado de conservación en que se encuentra el componente forestal y la vegetación menor en la zona donde se va a ejecutar el proyecto. A partir de los resultados, se propone un plan de revegetación que es parte del Plan de Manejo Ambiental de la empresa con el objetivo de minimizar y compensar los daños que se generarían con la construcción, operación y abandono del proyecto en la zona. El Plan de Revegetación es un compromiso ambiental que asume la empresa con las autoridades competentes en materia de asuntos ambientales, regulados y fiscalizados con la normativa ambiental vigente.The present work consists in the description and analysis of the data evaluated of the flora component in the field, for the elaboration of the biological baseline of a semi-detailed Environmental Impact Study for the project of a Wind Farm in Piura - Peru located in the Seasonally Dry Forests of Northern Peru. It was determined the existing biodiversity and the degree of conservation of the forest component and minor vegetation in the area where the project will be executed. A revegetation plan is proposed, this will be integrated within the company's Environmental Management Plan with the objective of minimizing and/or compensating the damages that would be generated by the construction, operation and abandonment of the project in the area. The Revegetation Plan is an environmental commitment assumed by the company with the competent authorities in environmental matters, regulated and supervised with the current environmental regulations

Linking Plasma Amyloid Beta and Neurofilament Light Chain to Intracortical Myelin Content in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

Evidence suggests that lightly myelinated cortical regions are vulnerable to aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unknown whether plasma markers of amyloid and neurodegeneration are related to deficits in intracortical myelin content, and whether this relationship, in turn, is associated with altered patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). To shed light into these questions, plasma levels of amyloid-beta fragment 1-42 (A beta(1-42)) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured using ultra-sensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) assays, and the intracortical myelin content was estimated with the ratio T1-weigthed/T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) in 133 cognitively normal older adults. We assessed: (i) whether plasma A beta(1-42) and/or NfL levels were associated with intracortical myelin content at different cortical depths and (ii) whether cortical regions showing myelin reductions also exhibited altered rs-FC patterns. Surface-based multiple regression analyses revealed that lower plasma A beta(1-42) and higher plasma NfL were associated with lower myelin content in temporo-parietal-occipital regions and the insular cortex, respectively. Whereas the association with A beta(1-42) decreased with depth, the NfL-myelin relationship was most evident in the innermost layer. Older individuals with higher plasma NfL levels also exhibited altered rs-FC between the insula and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Together, these findings establish a link between plasma markers of amyloid/neurodegeneration and intracortical myelin content in cognitively normal older adults, and support the role of plasma NfL in boosting aberrant FC patterns of the insular cortex, a central brain hub highly vulnerable to aging and neurodegeneration.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2020-119978RB-I00 to JLC and PID2020-118825GB-I00 to MA), CIBERNED (JLC, MA, CM, EC-Z, and FZ), Alzheimers Association (AARG-NFT-22-924702 to JLC), the Basque Government (IT1203-19; ELKARTEK KK-2020/00034 to EC-Z), the Research Program for a Long-Life Society of the Fundacion General CSIC (0551_PSL_6_E to JLC), the Junta de Andalucia (PY20_00858 to JLC), and the Andalucia-FEDER Program (UPO-1380913 to JLC)

Diseño de una bebida a base de Solanum betaceum Cav. (tomate de árbol) y cascarilla de Theobroma cacao L(cacao)

La búsqueda de fuentes de sustancias antioxidantes, que pudieran ayudar a prevenir el estrés oxidativo, es un reto para la comunidad científica. Solanum betaceum Cav y Theobroma cacao L, son materias primas endémicas de Ecuador, a las que se les atribuye propiedades antioxidantes asociadas, fundamentalmente, a su contenido en compuesto fenólicos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo, diseñar una bebida a base de tomate de árbol con cascarilla de cacao, para obtener un alimento sensorialmente aceptado y con propiedades antioxidantes. Las formulaciones a evaluar se plantearon mediante un diseño de bloques, considerando como variable respuesta, la aceptación sensorial y como variables independientes tres niveles de cascarilla y goma xantana. La formulación de mayor aceptación (I), logró incluir 1 % de polvo de cascarilla de cacao con 0,05 % de estabilizante. El análisis físico-químico de la mejor formulación evidenció un aporte de 5,64 mg de vitamina C y 72,6 mg de fenoles totales, equivalente a ácido gálico por cada 330 mL de jugo. Su capacidad secuestradora de radicales libres fue del 81% expresado como porcentaje de inhibición frente al radical libre DPPH. Los resultados sugieren que esta bebida es una opción beneficiosa para el consumidor debido a su capacidad antioxidante.The search for sources of antioxidant substances, that could help prevent oxidative stress, is a challenge for the scientific community. Solanum betaceum Cav and Theobroma cacao L, are endemic raw materials from Ecuador, to which antioxidant properties associated, fundamentally, to its content in phenolic compounds have been attributed. The objective of this study was to design a tree tomato-based drink with cocoa husk to obtain a sensorially accepted food with antioxidant. The formulations to be evaluated were proposed by means a block design, considering as a response variable, the sensory acceptance and as independent variables three levels of cocoa husk and xanthan gum. The most widely accepted formulation sensory (I), managed to include 1% of cocoa husk powder with 0.05% stabilizer. The physical-chemical analysis of the best formulation showed a contribution of 5.64 mg of vitamin C and 72.6 mg of total phenols, equivalent to gallic acid for every 330 mL of juice. Its free radical scavenging capacity was 81% expressed as percentage of inhibition against free radical DPPH. The results suggest that this drink is a beneficial option for the consumer due to its antioxidant capacity

Identification of the Immunological Changes Appearing in the CSF During the Early Immunosenescence Process Occurring in Multiple Sclerosis

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer with age an early immunosenescence process, which influence the treatment response and increase the risk of infections. We explored whether lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) associated with highly inflammatory MS modify the immunological profile induced by age in MS. This cross-sectional study included 263 MS patients who were classified according to the presence (M+, n=72) and absence (M-, n=191) of LS-OCMB. CSF cellular subsets and molecules implicated in immunosenescence were explored. In M- patients, aging induced remarkable decreases in absolute CSF counts of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, including Th1 and Th17 cells, and of B cells, including those secreting TNF-alpha. It also increased serum anti-CMV IgG antibody titers (indicative of immunosenescence) and CSF CHI3L1 levels (related to astrocyte activation). In contrast, M+ patients showed an age-associated increase of TIM-3 (a biomarker of T cell exhaustion) and increased values of CHI3L1, independently of age. Finally, in both groups, age induced an increase in CSF levels of PD-L1 (an inductor of T cell tolerance) and activin A (part of the senescence-associated secretome and related to inflammaging). These changes were independent of the disease duration. Finally, this resulted in augmented disability. In summary, all MS patients experience with age a modest induction of T-cell tolerance and an activation of the innate immunity, resulting in increased disability. Additionally, M- patients show clear decreases in CSF lymphocyte numbers, which could increase the risk of infections. Thus, age and immunological status are important for tailoring effective therapies in MS.This work was supported by grants FIS-PI15/00513, FIS-PI18/00572 and RD16/0015/0001 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain and FEDER: "Una manera de hacer Europa"

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Diseño de un sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales para una firma auditora

En nuestro país según la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Seguridad, Salud ocupacional y Gestión Ambiental, la mayoría de las empresas tienen desconocimiento de las normas, en cuanto se refiere en temas de Seguridad y Salud ocupacional. Solo en Guayaquil, siete de cada diez empresas no cuentan con reglamentos de funcionamiento internos y de Higiene y Seguridad. Las sanciones en caso de no contar con los reglamentos Interno y de Seguridad e Higiene, están estipuladas de acuerdo al Art. 628 del Código de Trabajo, y pueden llegar hasta a los $200, si es que la impone un Director de Trabajo; y hasta$ 50, si es que proviene de los jueces y los inspectores. En caso de reincidencia en una misma infracción, la multa será aumentada. Por tal motivo se opta por el diseño de un Sistema de Control de Gestión de Riesgos Laborales, para cumplir con las normas vigentes ecuatorianas y requisitos técnicos legales exigidos por el SART. A través del diseño del sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales, se puede optimizar recursos, mediante el uso de procedimientos y guías operativas establecidas a los empleados. Además sirve de apoyo para establecer estrategias que permita identificar y evaluar los factores de riesgo en el puesto de trabajo, mejorando así el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores y calidad en sus operaciones.Con la finalidad de fomentar una cultura de seguridad y salud laboral en la empresa objeto de estudio, se ha diseñado un sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales, alineado al Sistema de auditoría de riesgo del trabajo. La tesina está conformada por 6 capítulos a continuación se presenta un resumen de cada uno. El capítulo 1 contiene el antecedente, objetivos generales, específicos, y la metodología de estudio. En el capítulo 2 muestra las definiciones necesarias para la comprensión del diseño del sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales para la firma auditora. Se plantea reglamentos y normativas con respecto a seguridad operacional. El capítulo 3 presenta el diagnóstico situacional de la firma de auditoría, el cual permite evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de los requerimientos legales, para proteger la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores, con la finalidad de evitar incidentes laborales

Diseño de un sistema de control de Gestión de Riesgos Laborales para una firma Auditora

Con la finalidad de fomentar una cultura de seguridad y salud laboral en la empresa objeto de estudio, se ha diseñado un sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales, alineado al sistema de auditoría de riesgo del trabajo. la tesina está conformada por 6 capítulos a continuación se presenta un resumen de cada uno. el capítulo 1 contiene el antecedente, objetivos generales, específicos, y la metodología de estudio. en el capítulo 2 muestra las definiciones necesarias para la comprensión del diseño del sistema de control de gestión de riesgos laborales para la firma auditora. se plantea reglamentos y normativas con respecto a seguridad operacional. en el capítulo 3 presenta el diagnóstico situacional de la firma de auditoría, el cual permite evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de los requerimientos legales, para proteger la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores, con la finalidad de evitar incidentes laborales.GuayaquilIngeniería en Auditoría y Contaduría Pública Autorizad