PROGRAM "ŠKOLA AMBASADOR EUROPSKOG PARLAMENTA" U GIMNAZIJI „NOVA GORICA“, SLOVENIJA

This paper will focus on the European Parliament Ambassador School Programme, whose aim is to create a permanently increasing network of schools across the European Union. Gimnazija Nova Gorica became part of the network in 2016, and since then the school has en-gaged with the Slovenian European Parliament Liaison Office, the European Parliament and its Members, and has carried out teaching activities that raise awareness of Europe, European democracy and citizenship at large. This paper will also demonstrate various activities and events organized by Junior Ambassador students at Gimnazija Nova Gorica and their mentors. Not only does the European Parliament Ambassador School Programme enable students to develop critical thinking, teamwork and problem-solving skills, but it also helps participants raise concerns about issues concerning the European Uni-on and develop their ideas for a better Europe in the context of multilingualism and multicultural EU policy.Članak se usredotočuje na program "Škola ambasador Europskog parlamenta", koja ostvaruje razvijajuću se mrežu škola ambasadorica u Europskoj uniji. Gimnazija Nova Gorica uključuje se u program 2016. godine i sve od tada izvodi obrazovne djelatnosti u stalnoj suradnji sa Uredom Europskog parlamenta u Sloveniji, Europskim parlamentom te njegovim predstavnicima – europskim zastupnicima. Projekt je prije svega namijenjen osvješćivanju mladih o Europi, europskoj parlamentarnoj demokraciji i europskom državljanstvu. Pored toga u članku su predstavljeni različiti događaji i aktivnosti, koje su mladi ambasadori zajedno sa mentoricama organizirali u Gimnaziji Nova Gorica. Program "Škola ambasador Europskog parlamenta" ne samo da učenicima omogućuje razvijanje vještina kritičnog mišljenja, sudjelovanja i rješavanja problema, već i pripomaže k tome, da se učenici suočavaju sa problemima s kojima se Europska unija suočava, te traže rješenja koja bi pripomogla k tome, da bi buduća Europa postala takvom, kakvom si želimo u kontekstu višejezičnosti i višekulturnosti

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

INJURIES TO DRIVERS OF MOTORCYCLES

Nevarnosti na cestah so pogost vzrok za nesreče motoristov. Stvari oziroma okoliščine, ki imajo malo vpliva na vozila, kot so naplavine, nevarne cestne površine (razpoke na cestah), majhni predmeti na cesti ali mokre površine, lahko povzročijo nesrečo motornega kolesa. Vendar morajo tudi motorist razumeti in sprejemati, kaj predstavlja zanje nevarnost in biti na to pozorni ter pravočasno razmišljati in ukrepati v izogib neželenega končnega stanja, kot je prometna nesreča. Za razliko od voznikov in potnikov v avtomobilu, motorist niso zaščiteni s kovino, motorna kolesa nimajo varnostnih pasov, večina niti zračnih blazin. Prav tako so vozila na dveh kolesih manj stabilna kot vozila s štirimi kolesi, zlasti pri zaviranju v sili in zavijanju. Vožnja motornega kolesa zahteva veliko več spretnosti kot vožnja avtomobila. Pozitivno je, da motoristi dojemajo/sprejemajo ukrepe za zmanjševanje tveganja za nesreče, vključno s pridobivanjem strokovnega usposabljanja (tečaji varne vožnje), z zavedanjem in izogibanjem nevarnostim na cesti ter skrbjo za vzdrževanje motornih koles.We have to mentioned motorcycles are much smaller and lighter than cars, have only two wheels, and do not enclose the rider in a reinforced box. These characteristics, along with others, make motorcycle riding risker than driving a car. As compared to car accidents, motorcycle accidents are more likely to result in death or serious injury. Because motorcycles are smaller and more easily concealed by objects on or off the road, cars are less likely to see them, especially at intersections. Road hazards are common cause of motorcycle accidents. Things that have little effect on a car, like debris, uneven road surfaces, small objects, or wet pavement, can cause a motorcycle to crash. Motorcyclists should understand what constitutes a hazard, be alert for such dangers, and take precautions to avoid them.The good news is that bikers can take steps to reduce the risk of being in an accident, including getting professional training, being aware of and avoiding road hazards, maintaining the bike. Other steps, such as wearing proper protective clothing and helmet, can reduce risk of injury in motorcycle accidents.

Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Anterior Segment Inflammation Related to Cytomegalovirus in Immunocompetent African, Asian, and Caucasian Patients

International audienceObjective: To report the clinical features and treatment outcomes in immunocompetent patients with anterior segment inflammation (ASI) related to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depending on their ethnic origin.Material and Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of 38 patients with at least one test, either HCMV-positive PCR or GWc.Results: Features of Posner-Schlossman syndrome were observed in 50% of the eyes, Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis in 13% of the eyes, chronic nonspecific anterior uveitis in 21% of the eyes, and corneal endotheliitis in 18% of the eyes. PCR and GWc were positive for HCMV in 50% and 96.2% of the eyes, respectively. Glaucoma was diagnosed in 50% of eyes. Treatment was oral valganciclovir in about half of the patients. Other treatments were intravenous ganciclovir and/or ganciclovir topical ointment and/or intravitreal ganciclovir.Conclusions: No obvious association of specific clinical features with individual ethnicity could be identified. We found a high rate of glaucoma in all ethnic groups. There was a delay in diagnosis and specific treatment of HCMV in most patients