Top-quark physics at the Large Hadron Collider

This experimental review gives an overview of top-quark measurements performed by the two general purpose-detectors ATLAS and CMS during the first few years of running of the Large Hadron Collider. In the years 2010 - 2012 each experiment collected 5 fb$^{-1}$ of pp collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and 20 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV, allowing detailed studies of top-quark production and decays, and measurements of the properties of the top quark with unprecedented precision.Comment: 54 pages, 42 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in J. Phys.

First Physics at CMS

The year 2008 marked the completion of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the LHC detectors. The construction and commissioning of these scientific instruments, unprecedented in scale, complexity and precision, involved a number of challenging physics measurements and analyses, even before the first proton-proton collisions. This report highlights a selection of such physics measurements for and by the Cosmic Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. These first physics analyses at CMS illustrate the depth of our understanding of the detector and demonstrate its readiness for data taking

Muon Reconstruction and Identification at CMS

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is a general purpose detector currently being constructed for operation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. One of the main goals of the CMS design is to ensure efficient and accurate identification and reconstruction of muons. This contribution describes two software algorithms that have been developed for reconstructing muons in the CMS experiment. In one approach stand-alone muons are reconstructed in the muon system and matched to a track in the central detector. The other technique starts from central tracks and extrapolates them toward the outer detector to look for compatible muon signatures in the calorimeter and muon chambers. Both approaches are complementary. The expected performance has been studied in detail using Monte Carlo simulation. During the recent Magnet Test and Cosmic Challenge (MTCC) the muon reconstruction was employed successfully to reconstruct cosmic muons traversing a full slice of the CMS detector

Functions and Requirements of the CMS Centre at CERN

This report of the CMS Centre Requirements and Technical Assessment Group describes the functions of the CMS Centre on the CERN Meyrin site in terms of data quality monitoring, calibrations and rapid analysis and operations of the offline computing systems. It then defines the corresponding requirements for building space, computing consoles and other equipment, technical services and refurbishments, and communications systems

The CMS Magnetic Field Map Performance

Peer reviewe

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI