perceção dos cidadãos sobre os cuidados de enfermagem

O enfermeiro de família, pelos seus saberes e sua ação apresenta-se como um recurso importante para as famílias portuguesas. Constituiu objetivo do presente estudo descrever a perceção dos cidadãos sobre os cuidados de enfermagem prestados pelo enfermeiro de família no âmbito da enfermagem familiar. Métodos: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, junto de doze participantes, utentes de uma unidade de saúde familiar do norte de Portugal, recorrendo-se à entrevista semiestruturada, no último trimestre de 2018. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo com procedimentos indutivos, considerando as competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar (EEECAESF) e procedimentos dedutivos, definindo-se categorias à posteriori. Resultados: Na perspetiva do cidadão o enfermeiro de família conhece o sistema familiar, alicerçando os seus cuidados numa abordagem colaborativa, embora não tenham como foco a família como um todo. Destacam-se como pontos fortes o profissionalismo, os comportamentos afetivos, de respeito, empatia e as interações focadas na pessoa e na compreensão dos seus problemas e como constrangimentos o respeito pelas dotações seguras e organizacionais. Considerações Finais: as perceções integram alguns dos aspetos relativos às competências requeridas para o enfermeiro de família. Evidencia-se a necessidade de um maior investimento por parte dos enfermeiros na melhoria da perceção sobre os enfermeiros de família junto dos cidadãos.The family nurse, through their knowledge and action, is an important resource for Portuguese families. The objective of the present study was to describe the perception of citizens about the nursing care provided by family nurses in the context of family nursing. Methods: A qualitative study, with twelve participants, users of a family health unit in the north of Portugal, using a semi-structured interview, in the last quarter of 2018. The content analysis technique was used with inductive procedures, considering the specific competences of the Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing in the area of Family Health Nursing (EEECAESF) and deductive procedures, defining categories a posteriori. Results: From the citizen's perspective, family nurses know the family system, basing their care on a collaborative approach, although they do not focus on the family as a whole. Professionalism, affective behaviors, respect, empathy and interactions focused on the person and the understanding of their problems stand out as strengths, and respect for safe staffing as threats. Final Considerations: the perceptions integrate some of the aspects related to the competences required for the family nurse. The need for greater investment on the part of nurses to improve the perception of family nurses among citizens is evident.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Global Women’s Breakfast (GWB): #UnidaspelaQuímica

Global Women’s Breakfast (GWB): #BoundbyChemistry. Global Women’s Breakfast is an initiative of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, aiming to give women scientists, from all over the world, the opportunity to know each other, communicating virtually and sharing their experiences. Many countries joined this initiative and Portugal was not an exception, with its participation already at the first Networking Breakfast in 2011, celebrating the year of the centenaries of Marie Curie Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Portuguese Chemical Society and the Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa as well. The success of these networking breakfasts, involving students, young researchers, and scientists, encouraged its further organization in Portugal, annually since 2019. This article describes the interventions of Portuguese women scientists, coming from Institutions throughout Portugal, in the Global Women’s Breakfast as partners in their mission as scientists, creative and open to international collaborations. Global Women's Breakfast é uma iniciativa criada pela International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry para dar oportunidade às mulheres cientistas de todo o mundo de se conhecerem, comunicando virtualmente e compartilhando as suas experiências. A adesão dos países foi muito elevada e Portugal não foi exceção, participando já no primeiro Networking Breakfast em 2011, Ano Internacional da Química, no qual se celebraram os centenários do Prémio Nobel da Química a Marie Curie, da Sociedade Portuguesa de Química e da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa. O sucesso destes pequenos-almoços em rede, que envolvem estudantes, jovens investigadoras e cientistas, encorajou a continuação da participação de Portugal anualmente, desde 2019. Este artigo descreve a intervenção de mulheres cientistas portuguesas, pertencentes a instituições de Norte a Sul do país, no Global Women’s Breakfast, cúmplices na sua missão de cientistas, criativas e abertas à colaboração internacional

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Atividade citotóxica de extratos de Taraxacum hispanicum em linhas celulares de cancro da mama

As plantas do género Taraxacum têm sido utilizadas tradicionalmente em tratamentos por apresentarem propriedades diuréticas, antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, hepatoprotetoras e antitumorais. O cancro da mama é um dos cancros mais comuns em Portugal, particularmente na região norte do país. Cerca de 75-80% dos casos de cancro da mama invasivo expressam recetores de estrogénio (RE), tendo uma boa resposta a terapias antiestrogénica. Contudo, uma parte destes tumores tornam-se estrogénio resistentes (ER), sendo os tratamentos utilizados para este tipo de tumores, assim como para o cancro metastático e/ ou recorrente, pouco efetivos. Assim, é necessário pesquisar novas alternativas terapêuticas seguras e eficazes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Citotoxicidade de extratos de T. hispanicum em linhas celulares de cancro da próstata

As plantas do género Taraxacum têm sido utilizadas, tradicionalmente, para o tratamento de vários tipos de cancro. No entanto, estudos relativos à sua atividade anticancerígena são escassos e o potencial mecanismo de ação ainda está pouco esclarecido. Dados do RORENO (2010) revelam que o cancro da próstata é um dos mais diagnosticados em Portugal e que o tratamento é pouco efetivo em estádios avançados. A terapia mais utilizada para o cancro da próstata localmente avançado e metastizado é a terapia de privação androgénica. Contudo, muitos doentes que respondem inicialmente ao tratamento desenvolvem posteriormente a doença resistente à castração. Pelo exposto, é necessário pesquisar novas alternativas terapêuticas seguras e eficazes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Automatic quality assessment of a forced expiratory manoeuvre acquired with the tablet microphone

Evaluation of lung function is central to the management of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. It is typically evaluated with a spirometer by a specialized health professional, who ensures the correct execution of a forced expiratory manoeuvre (FEM). Audio recording of a FEM using a smart device embedded microphone can be used to self-monitor lung function between clinical visits. The challenge of microphone spirometry is to ensure the validity and reliability of the FEM, in the absence of a health professional. In particular, the absence of a mouthpiece may allow excessive mouth closure, leading to an incorrect manoeuvre. In this work, a strategy to automatically assess the correct execution of the FEM is proposed and validated. Using 498 FEM recordings, both specificity and sensitivity attained were above 90%. This method provides immediate feedback to the user, by grading the manoeuvre in a visual scale, promoting the repetition of the FEM when needed.publishe

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83–7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97–2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14–1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25–1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable