Usuarios, clientes y consumidores digitales: consideraciones para su abordaje desde el marketing y la comunicación corporativa

Today, due to new technologies, accessibility and frequent use of social networks by customers and consumers, companies have seen the need to develop strategies and implement plans that allow managing your digital identity. The consumer has become a messenger of companies due to the content you create on the web about them, becoming a key player in the process of marketing and communication of these. Furthermore, the relevance to consider in planning strategies to company employees is evident; because they are permanent spokesmen activities carried out, which helps strengthen categories such as corporate image and reputation, without neglecting since marketing have been evidenced cases mentioned in this article, the same who contributed to the achievement of objectives through to understand the importance of creating digital media centers or social contact center with great success.En la actualidad, gracias a las nuevas tecnologías, la accesibilidad y el uso frecuente de las redes sociales por parte de los clientes y consumidores, las empresas se han visto en la necesidad de generar estrategias e implementar planes que permitan la gestión de su identidad digital. El consumidor se ha convertido en un mensajero de las empresas debido a los contenidos que crea en la web sobre ellas, convirtiéndose en una pieza clave en los procesos de marketing y comunicación de éstas. Además, se evidencia la relevancia que tienen los colaboradores de la empresa en la planificación de estrategias, pues son voceros permanentes de las actividades que se llevan a cabo, lo cual contribuye a fortalecer categorías como: imagen y reputación corporativas, sin dejar de lado que desde el marketing se han evidenciado casos, los que se mencionan en el desarrollo del texto, que han contribuido al logro de objetivos gracias a la compresión de la importancia de crear centros de contacto digital o social media contact center con gran éxito

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU.mu L-1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health 'Carlos III', Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientific Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the members of the EOD-CBRN Group of the Spanish National Police, whose identities cannot be disclosed, and who are represented here by JMNG. Authors thank continuous support from their institutions

Child and adolescent development of the brain oscillatory activity during a working memory task

The developmental trajectories of brain oscillations during the encoding and maintenance phases of a Working Memory (WM) task were calculated. The Delayed-Match-to-Sample Test (DMTS) was applied to 239 subjects of 6–29 years, while EEG was recorded. The Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) was obtained in the range between 1 and 25 Hz during the encoding and maintenance phases. Behavioral parameters of reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy were simultaneously recorded. The results indicate a myriad of transient and sustained bursts of oscillatory activity from low frequencies (1 Hz) to the beta range (up to 19 Hz). Beta and Low-frequency ERSP increases were prominent in the encoding phase in all age groups, while low-frequency ERSP indexed the maintenance phase only in children and adolescents, but not in late adolescents and young adults, suggesting an age-dependent neural mechanism of stimulus trace maintenance. While the latter group showed Beta and Alpha indices of anticipatory attention for the retrieval phase. Mediation analysis showed an important role of early Delta-Theta and late Alpha oscillations for mediation between age and behavioral responses performance. In conclusion, the results show a complex pattern of oscillatory bursts during the encoding and maintenance phases with a consistent pattern of developmental changes.Agencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019–105618RB-I00Agencia de Innovación y Desarrollo Junta de Andalucía P20_0053

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU·μ L−1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientifc Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research

Optical imaging spectroscopy for rapid, primary screening of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept

Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings.This research was funded by Grants Number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health ‘Carlos III’, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by Grant Number EQC2019-006240-P funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. ABR was supported by Grant Number RTI2018-094465-J-I00 funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the Joint Research Center (JRC) HUMAINT project

Optical imaging spectroscopy for rapid, primary screening of SARS-CoV-2: a proof of concept

Effective testing is essential to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Here we report a-proof-of-concept study on hyperspectral image analysis in the visible and near-infrared range for primary screening at the point-of-care of SARS-CoV-2. We apply spectral feature descriptors, partial least square-discriminant analysis, and artificial intelligence to extract information from optical diffuse reflectance measurements from 5 µL fluid samples at pixel, droplet, and patient levels. We discern preparations of engineered lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 from those with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus in saline solution and artificial saliva. We report a quantitative analysis of 72 samples of nasopharyngeal exudate in a range of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, and a descriptive study of another 32 fresh human saliva samples. Sensitivity for classification of exudates was 100% with peak specificity of 87.5% for discernment from PCR-negative but symptomatic cases. Proposed technology is reagent-free, fast, and scalable, and could substantially reduce the number of molecular tests currently required for COVID-19 mass screening strategies even in resource-limited settings

Avaliação da educação superior no Brasil e a expansão da educação superior em enfermagem The evaluation of higher education in Brazil and the expansion of higher education in Nursing

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a expansão da educação superior em enfermagem e o papel do sistema de avaliação na perspectiva da Comissão Assessora de Avaliação da Área de Enfermagem do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais "Anísio Teixeira" (INEP). Realizou-se o resgate da evolução do número de cursos e vagas da educação superior, e, especificamente para a enfermagem, a partir de dados do INEP e por meio de entrevistas, obteve-se o essencial do pensamento dos membros da Comissão no que se refere à expansão da educação superior em enfermagem e à atual política de avaliação. Entre 1994 e 2003, os aumentos foram da ordem de 118% no número das instituições de ensino superior, 195% nos cursos de graduação e 207% nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem no país. Entre 1991 e 2004, o número de vagas nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem passou de 7.460 para 70.400, com distribuição desigual nas diferentes regiões brasileiras; tal aumento ocorreu prioritariamente em instituições privadas, vinculando-se a interesses de mercado e sem o processo de avaliação e regulação plenamente implantado. Parte dos membros da Comissão considera necessária a abertura de novos cursos, pois o número de enfermeiros ainda é insuficiente. Eles expressam, porém, preocupação referente à proliferação desordenada de cursos e às condições concretas de formação e atuação do enfermeiro.<br>This work has as its objective to discuss the expansion of the higher education in Nursing, and the role played in the process by the evaluation system, under the perspective of the Evaluation Advisory Commission of the Area of Nursing of the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research "Anísio Teixeira" (INEP). The study compiled the evolution in the number of courses and places in higher education, particularly for Nursing, based on INEP data; through interviews, the essential aspects of the thinking of the members of the Commission were assessed in what concerns the expansion of higher education in Nursing and as to the current evaluation policy. Between 1994 and 2003 the increase in the number of institutions of higher education was of 118%; of 195% in the number of undergraduate courses, and of 207% in the number of Nursing undergraduate courses in the country. Between 1991 and 2004, the number of places in undergraduate Nursing courses jumped from 7,460 to 70,400, with an uneven distribution among the various Brazilian regions; such increase took place mainly in private institutions, linked to market interest, and without the evaluation and regulation process being fully implemented. Part of the members of the Commission believes that it is necessary to create more courses, since the number of nurses is still insufficient. They express, however, concern over the chaotic proliferation of courses, and over the concrete conditions for the training and work of nurses

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved