2,010 research outputs found

    BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE FÊMEAS DE LAMBARI-PRATA, Astyanax scabripinnis Jenyns, 1842 (Characidae; Tetragonopterinae; Teleostei) EM CONDIÇÕES DE CATIVEIRO

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    Estudou-se a biologia reprodutiva de Astyanax scabripinnis (lambari-prata) por meio do acompanhamento do desenvolvimento ovocitário de 94 fêmeas adultas. Foram feitas análises microscópicas dos ovários e dos índices gonadossomático, hepatossomático, de gordura visceral e fator de condição. As estruturas observadas nos ovários foram descritas a partir da análise histológica que, juntamente com o hepatossomático, foram utilizadas para determinar a participação do fígado no desenvolvimento dos ovócitos desta espécie. Ovogônias, ovócito tipo I e ovócito tipo II estiveram presentes em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento gonadal. O ovócito que apresentou vesícula cortical esteve presente em grande quantidade no estádio intermediário de maturação (F2B) e em menor quantidade na fase final de maturação (F2C). Ovócitos maduros foram comuns no estádio intermediário de maturação (F2B), mas prevaleceram na fase final de maturação (F2C). Em animais desovados foram encontrados ovócitos em maturação final e maduros viáveis, muitos folículos atrésicos e pós-ovulatórios, além de desorganização do ovário, características definitivas da ocorrência de desova. Foram encontrados animais desovados por todo o ano, evidenciando que seja uma espécie de desova parcelada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fígado; ovócitos; reprodução

    Composição centesimal e valor calórico de peixes Clupeiformes na costa norte do Rio de Janeiro.

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    O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer informações sobre a composição centesimal e o valor calórico dos peixes Clupeiformes Chirocentrodon bleekerianus, Pellona harroweri e Lycengraulis grossidens. Os espécimes foram coletados entre 2007 e 2010 na costa norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Análises bromatológicas (proteína, lipídio e matéria mineral) foram realizadas em amostras compostas, e o teor de carboidrato e a energia bruta foram calculados a partir de relações entre as variáveis. As espécies de peixes foram significativamente distintas em relação ao porte (comprimento total e peso), composição centesimal e energia bruta, e apenas o teor de carboidrato foi similar. A espécie L. grossidens foi representada por indivíduos maiores e com teor de lipídio superior, enquanto C. bleekerianus e P. harroweri apresentaram os maiores percentuais de proteína e matéria mineral, além de valores de energia bruta mais elevados. O percentual de proteína foi diretamente proporcional ao valor de energia bruta, enquanto o percentual de lipídio apresentou relação inversa com essas duas variáveis. O presente estudo servirá de base para o entendimento de a seletividade alimentar de carnívoros marinhos em regiões costeiras e para a elaboração de modelos de bioenergética

    Utilização do espermatócrito para estimar a concentração espermática no sêmen da piabanha (Brycon insignis)

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    The aim of this work was to determine the viability of spermatocrit use in Piabanha's sperm concentration estimation. Gametogenesis of piabanha Brycon insignis (n=29) was induced with crude pituitary extract of carp and semen was further collected. The spermatocrit was determined using cappilar tube micro-centrifuge. The sperm concentration was verified by counting in "Neubauer chamber", after dilution. The verified sperm concentration (mean±standard deviation) was 24,38±3,84x10(9) spermatozoa/mL, and the spermatocrit was 16,14±5,20%. The regression model: v = 14,01.10(9) + 0,6428.10(9).X was significant (P<0,01) and presented adjusted R² = 0,75. Thus, the estimation of sperm concentration using the spermatocrit is possible.O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade da utilização do espermatócrito para estimar a concentração espermática do sêmen de piabanha. Os exemplares (n=29) de piabanha Brycon insignis foram hipofisados, sendo posteriormente realizada a coleta de sêmen. O espermatócrito foi determinado utilizando-se micro-centrífuga de tubos capilares. A concentração espermática foi verificada por contagem em câmara de Neubauer, após diluição. A concentração espermática verificada (média±desvio padrão) foi de 24,38 ± 3,84 x 10(9) espermatozóides / mL, e o espermatócrito foi de 16,14±5,20%. A equação de regressão: v = 14,01.10(9) + 0,6428.10(9).X foi significativa (P<0,01) e apresentou R² ajustado = 0,75. Deste modo, é possível estimar a concentração através da determinação do espermatócrito

    Suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico para juvenis de tambaqui a duas densidades de estocagem

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    The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis), and synbiotic diet supplementations on juvenile tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum), at two stocking densities, for growth, food utilization, survival, and economic parameters. A total of 192 juveniles (2.4±0.2 g) was distributed in 32 aquaria (20 L), in a completely randomized design, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with four replicates, during eight weeks. Tests were performed for 0.35 and 1.05 kg m‑3 stocking density. The supplementation was constituted of: 2 g kg‑1 prebiotic; 2 g kg‑1 probiotic; 2 g kg‑1 prebiotic + 2 g kg‑1 probiotic; and a control. Stocking density had no effect on fish survival, although it decreased economic and growth parameters. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation increased growth, and improved feed utilization and economic parameters. The control diet showed the lowest economic efficiency index, while the highest index was obtained by diets supplemented with synbiotic. Growth, food utilization, and economic parameters increased with the probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in diets for juvenile tambaquis, although there is no synergistic effect between the evaluated prebiotic and probiotic supplementations.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de rações, com prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis) e simbiótico, em juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), em duas densidades de estocagem, quanto aos parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento, sobrevivência e econômicos. Um total de 192 juvenis (2,4±0,2 g) foi distribuído em 32 aquários (20 L), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições, durante oito semanas. Testaram-se 0,35 e 1,05 kg m‑3 para a densidade de estocagem. A suplementação constituiu-se de: 2 g kg‑1 de prebiótico; 2 g kg‑1 de probiótico; 2 g kg‑1 de prebiótico + 2 g kg‑1 de probiótico; e controle. A densidade de estocagem não influenciou a sobrevivência dos peixes, embora tenha causado a redução dos parâmetros econômicos e de crescimento. A suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico aumentou o crescimento, melhorou a utilização do alimento e os parâmetros econômicos. A ração controle apresentou o menor índice de eficiência econômica, enquanto o maior índice foi obtido pelas rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Os parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento e econômicos aumentaram com a suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico, em rações para juvenis de tambaqui, embora não haja efeito sinergístico entre o prebiótico e o probiótico avaliados

    Two fish in a pod. Mislabelling on board threatens sustainability in mixed fisheries

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    Accuracy in reporting captures is a key element to achieve fisheries sustainability. However, identification of the catches might be a challenge when two or more species are morphologically similar and caught jointly, like the mixed fisheries of black hakes in East Atlantic African waters. Black hakes (Merluccius senegalensis and M. polli) are tough to differentiate without previous training due to their high morphological resemblance. The two species are managed as a single stock, although the biological differences between them suggest the need of a separate management. In this study, a total of 806 black hakes were visually identified by fishers on deck of fishing vessels operating in Mauritania and Senegal waters, then assigned to a species by sequencing 450bp of the Mitochondrial Control Region. Comparing the results with visual identification we found 31.4% of the total catch were incorrectly labelled on board by the fishermen. The accuracy of the fishers' identification depended on the depth of capture and on fish size, larger individuals caught from deeper waters being more correctly assigned to M. polli. Mislabelling biased to M. polli suggests that M. senegalensis, already catalogued as endangered, is being underreported, which could endanger the conservation of this species and threaten the sustainability of black hake fisheries. Our results highlight the need for separate evaluation of the stocks in mixed fisheries for morphologically similar fish. Thus, monitoring through DNA barcoding in the very first step of the seafood chain surveys would improve accurate species delimitation and reduce its impact on the correct assessment of the stocks.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer by hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA

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    Background Current noninvasive assays have limitations in the early detection of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the clinical utility of promoter methylation of the long noncoding RNA LINC00473 as a noninvasive biomarker to detect colorectal cancer and associated precancerous lesions. Methods We evaluated the epigenetic regulation of LINC00473 through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing and expression analyses. DNA methylation of LINC00473 was analyzed in primary colorectal tumors using 450K arrays and RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tissue-based findings were validated in several independent cohorts of colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyp patients by pyrosequencing. We explored the clinical utility of LINC00473 methylation for the early detection of colorectal cancer in plasma cell-free DNA by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and droplet digital PCR. Results LINC00473 showed transcriptionally silencing due to promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Methylation of the LINC00473 promoter accurately detected primary colorectal tumors in two independent clinical cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.94 and 0.89. This biomarker also identified advanced colorectal polyps from two other tissue-based clinical cohorts with high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs of 0.99 and 0.78). Finally, methylation analysis of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA accurately identified patients with colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps (AUCs of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively), which was confirmed in an independent cohort of patients. Conclusions Hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter is a new promising biomarker for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer and related precancerous lesions

    Hypothalamic AMPK-ER Stress-JNK1 Axis Mediates the Central Actions of Thyroid Hormones on Energy Balance

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    Thyroid hormones (THs) act in the brain to modulate energy balance. We show that central triiodothyronine (T3) regulates de novo lipogenesis in liver and lipid oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), respectively. Central T3 promotes hepatic lipogenesis with parallel stimulation of the thermogenic program in BAT. The action of T3 depends on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-induced regulation of two signaling pathways in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH): decreased ceramide-induced endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress, which promotes BAT thermogenesis, and increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Of note, ablation of AMPK alpha 1 in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) neurons of the VMH fully recapitulated the effect of central T3, pointing to this population in mediating the effect of central THs on metabolism. Overall, these findings uncover the underlying pathways through which central T3 modulates peripheral metabolism.Peer reviewe

    Quantum numbers of the X(3872)X(3872) state and orbital angular momentum in its ρ0Jψ\rho^0 J\psi decay

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    Angular correlations in B+X(3872)K+B^+\to X(3872) K^+ decays, with X(3872)ρ0J/ψX(3872)\to \rho^0 J/\psi, ρ0π+π\rho^0\to\pi^+\pi^- and J/ψμ+μJ/\psi \to\mu^+\mu^-, are used to measure orbital angular momentum contributions and to determine the JPCJ^{PC} value of the X(3872)X(3872) meson. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb1^{-1} of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector. This determination, for the first time performed without assuming a value for the orbital angular momentum, confirms the quantum numbers to be JPC=1++J^{PC}=1^{++}. The X(3872)X(3872) is found to decay predominantly through S wave and an upper limit of 4%4\% at 95%95\% C.L. is set on the fraction of D wave.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

    Search for Third Generation Vector Leptoquarks in p anti-p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

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    We describe a search for a third generation vector leptoquark (VLQ3) that decays to a b quark and tau lepton using the CDF II detector and 322 pb^(-1) of integrated luminosity from the Fermilab Tevatron. Vector leptoquarks have been proposed in many extensions of the standard model (SM). Observing a number of events in agreement with SM expectations, assuming Yang-Mills (minimal) couplings, we obtain the most stringent upper limit on the VLQ3 pair production cross section of 344 fb (493 fb) and lower limit on the VLQ3 mass of 317 GeV/c^2 (251 GeV/c^2) at 95% C.L.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR
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