Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Berita Bohong

Berita bohong atau dikenal dengan Hoax sekarang ini sedang marak tersebar di berbagai media. Baik itu media cetak maupun media online. Berita bohong adalah berita palsu yang dibuat-buat atau diputarbalikkan dari fakta sesungguhnya. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini antara lain: Bagaimana Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Berita Bohong Menurut Hukum Positif Saat Ini dan Bagaimana Kebijakan Hukum Pidana sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Berita Bohong Yang Akan Datang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Aturan Mengenai Berita Bohong yang ada di dalam KUHP terdapat dalam Pasal 390, sedangkan  aturan Berita Bohong yang ada dalam Undang-Undang terdapat dalam UU No.11 Tahun 2008 dan UU No. 1 Tahun 1946. Pembaharuan UU No.11 Tahun 2008 yaitu UU No.19 Tahun 2016. Peran pemerintah dan peran masyarakat dimuat dalam UU Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 dan tercantum dalam pasal 40 dan pasal 41. Aturan mengenai tindak pidana berita bohong (hoax) dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana terdapat dalam RUU KUHP 2019 dalam Pasal 272

Intraarticular Tramadol-Bupivacaine Combination Prolongs the Duration of Postoperative Analgesia After Outpatient Arthroscopic Knee Surgery

BACKGROUND: Intraarticular (IA) local anesthetics are often used for the management and prevention of pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. Recently, IA tramadol was also used for the management of these patients. However, the IA combination of local anesthetic and tramadol has not been evaluated in arthroscopic outpatients. Our primary aim in this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of an IA combination of bupivacaine and tramadol when compared with each drug alone using visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in patients undergoing day-care arthroscopic knee surgery. Additionally, we assessed analgesic demand. METHODS: Ninety ASA I/II patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, performed by a single surgeon under general anesthesia, were assigned in a randomized, double-blind manner into three groups: group B (n = 30) received 0.25% bupivacaine, group T (n = 30) received 100 mg tramadol, and group BT (n = 30) received 0.25% bupivacaine and 100 mg tramadol to a total volume of 20 mL by the IA route after surgery. Postoperative pain scores were measured on a VAS, at rest and on mobilization at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. Duration of analgesia, the subsequent 24 h consumption of rescue analgesia, time to ambulation, and time to discharge were evaluated. In addition, the systemic side effects of the IA injected drugs were also assessed. RESULTS: The results showed significantly lower VAS pain scores in group BT (P << 0.1) when compared with groups T and B. Group BT had a later onset of postsurgical pain and longer time to first rescue analgesic than groups B and T. The 24 h consumption of analgesic was significantly less in group BT when compared with the other two groups (26.7% of the patients required rescue analgesia in group BT, whereas this number was 90% in group B and 86.7% in group T). In addition, time in hours to discharge and time to unassisted ambulation were significantly shorter in group BT when compared with groups T and B, and this was not associated with any detectable systemic effects. CONCLUSION: The IA admixture of tramadol 100 mg with bupivacaine 0.25% provides a pronounced prolongation of analgesia compared with either drug alone in patients undergoing day care arthroscopic knee surgery

Nouveaux ligands phospho-carbonés : synthèse et chimie de coordination

La thématique de recherche développée au cours de ce doctorat concerne l'élaboration de nouveaux ligands à caractère donneur extrême en vue d'applications en catalyse. La première partie de ces travaux consiste à la synthèse de ligands phosphorés pauvres en électrons, plus particulièrement des imidazoliophosphines qui représentent des phosphines cationiques où la charge positive portée par un noyau imidazolium est conjuguée avec l'atome de phosphore. De ce fait, deux stratégies de synthèse ont été mises en place : (a) modifier les substituants de la partie phosphorée ou (b) introduire une deuxième charge cationique. Ces deux méthodes ont conduit à la préparation de trois types de ligands pauvres : les amidiniophosphonites, les di-amidiniophosphines et les hydroxy-phosphines cationiques. La limite de la coordination de ces nouveaux ligands pauvres en électrons a aussi été mise en évidence en série rhodium (I). A l'opposé, la seconde partie présente la synthèse de ligands riches en électrons de type ylures de phosphonium et plus précisément, des bis-ylures de diphosphonium. La préparation à partir des motifs 1,2- ou 1,3-diphénylphosphinobenzène et la coordination de ces espèces ont été étudiées. De nouveaux ylures de phosphoniums chiraux ont été également envisagés à partir de leurs précurseurs phosphoniums. La troisième partie s'intéresse à la synthèse de ligands hybrides riches-pauvres par leurs extrémités " électroniquement " opposées et présentant les caractéristiques des deux premières catégories de ligands développés. Des ligands bidentes à extrémités mixtes du type NHC - amidiniophosphine ont ainsi été préparés dans l'optique d'applications catalytiques mais aussi photo-physiques (transfert de charge). Ces nouveaux ligands à caractère donneur extrême, pauvres en électrons pour les amidiniophosphines, et riches en électrons pour les ylures de phosphonium, ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles perspectives en catalyse.The project developed during this PhD thesis aims at the elaboration of novel ligands with extreme donor character for applications in catalysis. The first part of this work, reports on the synthesis of electron-poor phosphorus ligands especially imidazoliophosphines. The positive charge of the imidazolium moiety of these ligands is conjugated with the phosphorus atom. Thereby, two synthesis methods were developed; while the first consists on the modification of the substituents at the phosphorus atom, the second aims to introduce an additional cationic charge. Both methods have yielded three types of electron-poor ligands, namely the amidiniophosphonites, the di-amidiniophosphines and the cationic hydroxyphosphines. The limits of the coordination of these ligands have been evidenced by the preparation of a series of rhodium (I) complexes. By marked contrast, the second part of this project, concerns the synthesis of electron-rich phosphonium ylide ligands, more particularly the diphosphonium bis-ylides. These ligands were elaborated from the 1,2- or 1,3-diphenylphosphinobenzene bridge, prior to complexation. Preparation of chiral phosphonium ylides were also considered. Finally, the third part of this work focuses on the elaboration of hybrid "rich-poor" ligands having a carbene (NHC) and an amidiniophosphine coordinating extremities. These hybrid bidente ligands were developed for catalytic but also for photo-physic (charge transfer) applications. These new ligands with extreme donating character, electron-poor for the amidiniophosphines, and electron-rich for phosphonium ylides, open interesting perspectives in catalysis

FACTORS AFFECTING PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN REFUGEE MOTHERS IN LEBANON

In recent years, Lebanon has been a destination for less privileged refugees who seek better living conditions and shelter from regional wars, conflicts and instabilities. Recently, it is estimated that more than 20% of residents in Lebanon are Syrian refugees who live under questionable conditions regarding quality of life. Pregnant women, among their population, are considered more vulnerable to the effect of such living conditions. This study aimed at assessment of pregnancy outcome (birth weight, infant complications…) in a sample of women in refugees areas who have recently given birth and relate this outcome to multiple factors including socioeconomic status of the family, psychological status of the mother, maternal vitamin supplementation, and previous high-risk pregnancies. This study was conducted by a field-based survey, using questionnaire. Sample taken was by convenient sampling of just delivered women, focusing on major areas in Lebanon with the highest population of refugees. Results of our study detected increased risk of having neonatal complications in women with previous high-risk pregnancies. There was statistically significant difference between Syrian and Lebanese women regarding birth outcome. Syrian women were had a higher percentage of complications and lower birth weight than Lebanese women. There were significantly more neonatal complications in families with low income, women with improper antenatal care, and those with a compromised psychosocial state during pregnancy. There was also a high percentage of refugees who did not know about supplementation during pregnancy. Conclusion: Less privileged women in refugee areas during pregnancy and after delivery are not receiving appropriate antenatal care. Poor living circumstances, low socioeconomic status, and compromised psychosocial status of Syrian mothers increase the risk of having neonatal complications and low birth weight of their newborn infants. It is recommended to encourage awareness programs for the Syrian refugees in Lebanon regarding pregnancy and neonatal health. It is advised to provide more strict antenatal care to women who had previous complications in delivery

Machine learning meets volcano plots: Computational discovery of cross-coupling catalysts

The application of modern machine learning to challenges in atomistic simulation is gaining attraction. We present new machine learning models that can predict the energy of the oxidative addition process between a transition metal complex and a substrate for C-C cross-coupling reactions. In turn, this quantity can be used as a descriptor to estimate the activity of homogeneous catalysts using molecular volcano plots. The versatility of this approach is illustrated for vast libraries of organometallic catalysts based on Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, and Au combined with 91 ligands. Out-of-sample machine learning predictions were made on a total of 18 062 compounds leading to 557 catalyst candidates falling into the ideal thermodynamic window. This number was further refined by searching for candidates with an estimated price lower than 10 US$ per mmol. The 37 catalyst finalists are dominated by palladium phosphine ligand combinations but also include the earth abundant transition metal (Cu) with less common ligands. Our results indicate that modern statistical learning techniques can be applied to the computational discovery of readily available and promising catalyst candidates

Filling a niche in “ligand space” with bulky, electron-poor phosphorus (III) alkoxides

The chemistry of phosphorus(III) ligands, which are of key importance in coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry and catalysis, is dominated by relatively electron-rich species. Many of the electron-poor P(III) ligands that are readily available have relatively small steric profiles. As such, there is a significant gap in “ligand space” where more sterically bulky, electron-poor P(III) ligands are needed. This contribution discusses the coordination chemistry, steric and electronic properties of P(III) ligands bearing highly fluorinated alkoxide groups of the general form PRn(ORF)3-n, where R = Ph, RF = C(H)(CF3)2 and C(CF3)3; n = 1-3. These ligands are simple to synthesize and a range of experimental and theoretical methods suggest that their steric and electronic properties can be “tuned” by modification of their substituents, making them excellent candidates for large, electron-poor ligands

ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA TATARAN MORFOLOFI, EBI, DAN SINTAKSIS BUKU TEKS SOSIOLOGI KELAS X SMA

Penelitian ini berjudul “Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Pada Tataran Morfologi, EBI, dan Sintaksis Buku Teks Sosiologi Kelas X SMA”. Tujuan utama pada artikel ini adalah analisis kesalahan dan pembenaran kaidah berbahasa pada tataran morfologi, EBI, dan sintaksis pada buku teks Sosiologi kelas X SMA karya Ruswanto. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode baca-catat, yaitu suatu metode pengumpulan data dengan cara membaca bahan ajar. Kesalahan kaidah penulisan yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah kesalahan morfologi, kesalahan Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (EBI), dan kesalahan sintaksis. Aspek kesalahan morfologi yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah kesalahan penggunaan prefiks. Analisis kesalahan penulisan pada tataran Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (EBI) dalam penelitian ini adalah kesalahan pemakaian tanda baca. Kesalahan sintaksis yang ditemukan penelitian ini berupa kesalahan struktur kalimat efektif. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan buku teks sosiologi kelas X SMA KD 3.1 dan 4.1 yang diambil dari buku karya Ruswanto

Development of Poincare Software to Predict Arrythmias

The most distressing types of heart malfunction occur because of an abnormal rhythm of the heart. Cardiac arrythmias can be caused by abnormal rhythmicity of the pacemaker, electrolyte disturbances, blockage of the transmission of the electric impulse through the heart, and other abnormalities. There is strong evidence that space flight is associated with decreased cardiac electrical stability that may pose a life threatening risk to astronauts. For example, during the Skylab missions, a crewmember had a five beat run of ventricular tachycardia during lower body negative pressure. Also, analysis of nine 24-hour Holter monitor recordings obtained during long term spaceflight on Mir revealed one 14-beat run of ventricular tachycardia. A Mir cosmonaut was replaced in 1986 because of cardiac dysrhythmias. Most recently, in July of 1997, a Mir commander was unable to participate in the Spektr module repair due to complaints of an irregular heart rhythm. Despite these examples, possible mechanisms of arrhythmias and countermeasure strategies have barely been addressed. The Poincare method has been proposed as a technique that might potentially predict life-threatening arrhythmias before they occur. According to this method, each RR interval obtained from an EKG recording is plotted sequentially vs. the previous RR interval. Several studies using the method have demonstrated a strong correlation between the shape of the Poincare plot and ventricular arrhythmia. Our purpose was to develop an automated software program that detects the R peaks from an EKG recording while simultaneously displaying the Poincare plot and other related parameters