Design, FEM strength analysis and testing of an innovative mountain bike pedal with magnetic locking mechanism

The presentation describes the development of a new mountain bicycle pedal with a special magnetic safety locking mechanism by means of the finite element method (FEM). It starts with a description of the predecessor mountain bike pedal “Enduro” from magped GmbH and sets out the development objectives for the new pedal named “Enduro2”. The complete development activities like load determination and load assumptions, FEM analysis of the initial draft, subsequent optimization steps for strength improvement and mass reduction, bearing design and analysis, and prototype testing are described. The presentation ends with a chapter about creating computer generated images for marketing material of the pedal. The presentation is structured as follows: 1. Introduction: -Description of the predecessor mountain bike pedal “Enduro1” by magped GmbH -The magnetic safety locking mechanism -Overview of the magped GmbH product portfolio -Short magped GmbH company presentation -Development objectives and initial design draft of the successor pedal model “Enduro2” 2. Determination of the load cases for design & optimization: -Loads for bicycle pedals acc. to DIN ISO 4210 -Chosen load cases and qualification test program 3. Strength analysis and weight optimization of the pedal axis: -Pre-optimization steps -Optimized shape: Theoretical consideration of the pedal axis -Optimized design description -Obtained mass reduction -User tips for shape / notch stress optimization -Comparison with the axis of a competitor 4. Strength analysis and weight optimization of the pedal body: -Challenges in pedal body design -Computed load cases -Design result and mass savings 5. Bearing design and analysis: -Sliding bearing layout -Ball bearing layout: Bearing forces computation by FEM due to over-determined system -Description of the Creo Simulate FEM model -Bal bearing life span 6. Product testing: -Test program performed by the zedler-institute -Testing of the first test batch of pedals with hollow bored axis -Testing of the first test batch of pedals without hollow bored axis 7. Realized mass savings: -Magped Enduro1 and Enduro2 on the balance and comparison with the magped Gravel pedal 8. Creation of marketing material for the final product: -Still image creation -Photorealistic rendering containing FEM loading sequencesDer Vortrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines neuen Mountainbike-Pedals mit einer speziellen magnetischen Sicherheitsverriegelung mittels der Finite-Elemente-Methode (FEM). Er beginnt mit einer Beschreibung des Vorgänger-Mountainbike-Pedals 'Enduro' der magped GmbH und legt die Entwicklungsziele für das neue Pedal mit dem Namen 'Enduro2' dar. Die gesamten Entwicklungsaktivitäten wie Lastermittlung und Lastannahmen, FEM-Analyse des ersten Entwurfs, nachfolgende Optimierungsschritte zur Festigkeitsverbesserung und Massenreduzierung, Lagerauslegung und -analyse sowie Prototypentests werden beschrieben. Die Präsentation endet mit einem Kapitel über die Erstellung computergenerierter Bilder für die Verwendung in Marketingmaterial des Pedals. Gliederung des Vortrages: 1. Einleitung: -Beschreibung des Vorgänger-Mountainbike-Pedals 'Enduro1' der magped GmbH -Die magnetische Sicherheitsverriegelung des Pedals -Überblick über das Produktportfolio der magped GmbH -Kurze Firmenpräsentation der magped GmbH -Entwicklungsziele und erster Designentwurf des Nachfolgemodells 'Enduro2' 2. Ermittlung der Lastfälle für Design & Optimierung: -Belastungsfälle für Fahrradpedale nach DIN ISO 4210 -Ausgewählte Lastfälle und Qualifikations-Testprogramm 3. Festigkeitsanalyse und Gewichtsoptimierung der Pedalachse: -Vor-Optimierungsschritte -Optimierte Form: Theoretische Betrachtung der Pedalachse -Beschreibung der optimierten Form -Erzielte Massenreduzierung -Anwendertipps zur Form- / Kerbspannungsoptimierung -Vergleich mit der Achse eines Wettbewerbers 4. Festigkeitsanalyse und Gewichtsoptimierung des Pedalkörpers: -Herausforderungen bei der Konstruktion von Pedalkörpern -Berechnete Lastfälle -Konstruktionsergebnis und Gewichtseinsparung 5. Lagerkonstruktion und -analyse: -Auslegung der Gleitlager -Auslegung der Kugellager: Berechnung der Lagerkräfte durch die FEM aufgrund des statisch überbestimmten Systems -Beschreibung des Creo Simulate FEM-Modells -Lebensdauer der Kugellager 6. Produktprüfung: -Testprogramm, durchgeführt durch das zedler-Institut -Erprobung der ersten Versuchscharge von Pedalen mit hohlgebohrter Achse -Prüfung der ersten Versuchscharge von Pedalen ohne hohlgebohrte Achse 7. Realisierte Masseneinsparung: -Magped Enduro1 und Enduro2 auf der Waage und Vergleich mit dem magped Gravel-Pedal 8. Erstellung von Marketingmaterial für das Endprodukt: -Erstellung von computergenerierten Fotos -Fotorealistisches Rendering mit FEM-Belastungssequenze

Wine History Project Moving Pavilion

Two potential projects presented to the Wine History Project as a moving pavilion for their exhibits

Waltz in A

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2165/thumbnail.jp

Using an empirical model of human turning motion to aid heading estimation in a personal navigation system

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. December 2013. Major: Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics. Advisor: Demoz Gebre-Egziabher. 1 computer file (PDF); vii, 65 pages.With the adoption of Global Navigation Satellite Systems in smart phones, soldier equipment, and emergency responder navigation systems users have realized the usefulness of low cost Personal Navigation Systems. The state-of-the-art Personal Navigation System is a unit that fuses information based on external references with a low cost IMU. Due to the size, weight, power, and cost constraints imposed on a pedestrian navigation systems as well as current IMU performance limitations, the gyroscopes used to determine heading exhibit significant drift limiting the performance of the navigation system. In this thesis biomechanical signals are used to predict the onset of pedestrian turning motion. Experimental data from eight subjects captured in a gait laboratory using a Vicon motion tracking unit is used for validation. The analysis of experimental data shows the heading computed by turn prediction augmented integration is more accurate than open loop gyro integration alone

Manual de procedimentos para registro fotográfico das coleções da Divisão de Arqueologia do Museu de La Plata

This paper aims to provide a guide to carry out the procedures involved in the photographic recording of the Archaeology Division collections in the Museum of La Plata (National University of La Plata, Argentina). It details the guidelines and general parameters for the correct development of this activity, aiming at previously trained and/or informed personnel, in order to guarantee the quality of the results. Likewise, this manual has the character of a protocol, aiming to standardize the formal norms that the images obtained must comply with, according to the requirements implied by the contribution to an institutional repository and for public consultation.El presente trabajo apunta a proporcionar una guía para llevar a cabo los procedimientos implicados en el registro fotográfico de las colecciones de la División de Arqueología del Museo de La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina). En el mismo se detallan las pautas y parámetros generales para el correcto desarrollo de dicha actividad, apuntando a personal previamente capacitado y/o informado, de forma tal de garantizar la calidad de los resultados. Asimismo, este manual posee carácter de protocolo, apuntando a estandarizar las normas formales que deben cumplir las imágenes obtenidas, en función de los requerimientos que implica la contribución a un repositorio institucional y su consulta pública. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer um guia para a realização dos procedimentos envolvidos no registro fotográfico das coleções da Divisão de Arqueologia do Museu de La Plata (Universidade Nacional de La Plata, Argentina). Detalha as diretrizes e parâmetros gerais para o correto desenvolvimento da referida atividade, voltado a pessoal previamente treinado e/ou informado, a fim de garantir a qualidade dos resultados. Da mesma forma, este manual tem o carácter de um protocolo, visando uniformizar as regras formais que as imagens obtidas devem cumprir, com base nos requisitos implícitos à contribuição para um repositório institucional e sua consulta pública

A Role for Transportin in the Nuclear Import of Adenovirus Core Proteins and DNA

Adenoviruses target their double-stranded DNA genome and its associated core proteins to the interphase nucleus; this core structure then enters through the nuclear pore complex. We have used digitonin permeabilized cell import assays to study the cellular import factors involved in nuclear entry of virus DNA and the core proteins, protein V and protein VII. We show that inhibition of transportin results in aberrant localization of protein V and that transportin is necessary for protein V to accumulate in the nucleolus. Furthermore, inhibition of transportin results in inhibition of protein VII and DNA import, whereas disruption of the classical importin α–importin β import pathway has little effect. We show that mature protein VII has different import preferences from the precursor protein, preVII from which it is derived by proteolytic processing. While bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase (GST)-preVII primarily utilizes the pathway mediated by importin α–importin β, bacterially expressed GST-VII favours the transportin pathway. This is significant because while preVII is important during viral replication and assembly only mature VII is available during viral DNA import to a newly infected cell. Our results implicate transportin as a key import receptor for the nuclear localization of adenovirus core

Agricultura y actividades pastoriles en el Valle Calchaquí Norte (Salta, Argentina). Exploraciones en torno a la etnografía y la materialidad

A tradition of anthropological and archaeological work in the mesothermal Andean valleys in Northwestern Argentina usually emphasized agriculture as the dominant productive activity, considering animal husbandry as an accessory practice, mainly limited to family consumption. However, recent studies indicate that animal husbandry may have had a greater importance in the configuration of productive strategies in these areas, raising the emerging concept of agropastoralism. This paper aims to explore the different ways in which agricultural activities and those linked to animal husbandry and grazing entangle in the Northern Calchaquí Valley. To this end, we analyze the material aspects associated with these coordinated practices based on ethnographic fieldwork through observations and local oral memory. We consider that this approach will allow us to establish guidelines that will enrich the analysis of the local archaeological record, resulting in a comprehensive view of the complementarity between these practices. Our results provide a first contribution to the approach to agropastoralism in the area, evidenced through the analysis of the materiality, organizational dynamics, and coordinated mobility in the different spaces in which life in the valley takes place.Desde una tradición de trabajos antropológicos y arqueológicos en las áreas de valles andinos mesotermales del Noroeste Argentino, se ha tendido a poner el acento en la agricultura como actividad productiva dominante, considerándose a la cría de animales como una práctica accesoria limitada sobre todo al consumo familiar. Sin embargo, estudios recientes señalan que la cría de animales pudo haber tenido una mayor importancia en la configuración de las estrategias productivas en estas zonas, dando lugar al concepto emergente de agropastoralismo. Este trabajo apunta a explorar las distintas formas en que las actividades agrícolas, y aquellas vinculadas a la cría y pastoreo de animales, se entrelazan en el Valle Calchaquí Norte. Para ello, se recurre al estudio de los aspectos materiales asociados a estas prácticas coordinadas y la información construida sobre la base de trabajo de campo etnográfico, a partir de observaciones y la memoria oral de los interlocutores. Consideramos que este tipo de abordaje nos permitirá establecer pautas que enriquezcan el análisis del registro arqueológico local y tener una mirada integral respecto a la complementariedad de dichas prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos otorgan una primera contribución al abordaje del agropastoralismo en el área, evidenciado a partir del análisis de la materialidad, dinámicas de organización y movilidad coordinadas en los diversos espacios que componen la vida en el valle

The relativistic KMS condition for the thermal n-point functions of the P(φ)_2 model

Thermal quantum field theories are expected to obey a relativistic KMS condition, which replaces both the relativistic spectrum condition of Wightman quantum field theory and the KMS condition, which characterises equilibrium states in quantum statistical mechanics. In a previous work it has been shown that the two-point function of the thermal $P(\phi)_2$ model satisfies the relativistic KMS condition. Here we extend this result to general $n$-point functions