Journal of Cordoba Veterinary Students Research: scientific method and research publication for veterinary students

Los estudiantes de veterinaria comúnmente tienen un concepto de la investigación científica basado en prejuicios. El presente trabajo describe una actividad enfocada a fomentar el espíritu investigador en el alumnado de veterinaria y enseñar a los participantes el modus operandi que rige la publicación y difusión de cualquier trabajo científico. Para ello se crearon grupos de alumnos que desarrollaron un trabajo experimental relacionado con la patología clínica y diagnóstico laboratorial, siguiendo metodología científica válida. Tras ello, cada grupo preparó un manuscrito en inglés y un póster de sus resultados. El manuscrito se sometió a una revisión por pares anónima por parte de los propios alumnos y se publicó en formato journal, mientras que el póster se presentó en inglés en un congreso de estudiantes. La metodología descrita se ha demostrado suficientemente eficaz a la hora de establecer un espíritu crítico en la evaluación científica de los estudiantes participantes, fomentando al mismo tiempo su capacidad de innovación y emprendimiento.Veterinary students lack the necessary skills to correctly evaluate scientific papers. With this activity, the authors aimed to train the participants in the specific requirements of scientific writing and the research process in general. Groups of students designed and performed laboratory experiments (related to veterinary clinical pathology) and later they were asked to write a scientific paper and create a poster with their results. Papers were subjected to a scholarly peer review and later compiled in a publication (Journal of Cordoba Veterinary Students), while posters were defended in a students’ congress. This activity was positively received by the students and participants were able to improve their critical thinking and scientific evaluation of veterinary literature

Enantiopure 4‐oxazolin‐2‐ones and 4‐methylene‐2‐oxazolidinones as chiral building blocks in a divergent asymmetric synthesis of heterocycles

En este trabajo se describe la reactividad de las oxazolidin-2-onas en un ambiente quiral obteniéndose resultados novedosos, los cuales se describen extensamente.Enantiopure 3‐((R)‐ and 3‐((S)‐1‐phenylethyl)‐4‐oxazoline‐2‐ones were evaluated as chiral building blocks for the divergent construction of heterocycles with stereogenic quaternary centers. The N‐(R)‐ or N‐(S)‐1‐phenylethyl group of these compounds proved to be an efficient chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric induction of the 4‐ and 5‐positions of the 4‐oxazolin‐2‐one ring through thermal and MW‐promoted nucleophilic conjugated addition to Michael acceptors and alkyl halides. The resulting adducts were transformed via a cascade process into fused six‐membered carbo‐ and heterocycles. The structure of the reaction products depended on the electrophiles and reaction conditions used. Alternative isomeric 4‐methylene‐2‐oxazolidinones served as chiral precursors for a versatile and divergent approach to highly substituted cyclic carbamates. DFT quantum calculations showed that the formation of bicyclic pyranyl compounds was generated by a diastereoselective concerted hetero‐Diels‐Alder cycloaddition.Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Secretaria de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad de Guanajuato y CONACYT

Fully automatic landmarking of 2D photographs identifies novel genetic loci influencing facial features

We report a genome-wide association study for facial features in > 6,000 Latin Americans. We placed 106 landmarks on 2D frontal photographs using the cloud service platform Face++. After Procrustes superposition, genome-wide association testing was performed for 301 inter-landmark distances. We detected nominally significant association (P-value < 5×10− 8) for 42 genome regions. Of these, 9 regions have been previously reported in GWAS of facial features. In follow-up analyses, we replicated 26 of the 33 novel regions (in East Asians or Europeans). The replicated regions include 1q32.3, 3q21.1, 8p11.21, 10p11.1, and 22q12.1, all comprising strong candidate genes involved in craniofacial development. Furthermore, the 1q32.3 region shows evidence of introgression from archaic humans. These results provide novel biological insights into facial variation and establish that automatic landmarking of standard 2D photographs is a simple and informative approach for the genetic analysis of facial variation, suitable for the rapid analysis of large population samples.- Introduction - Results And Discussion -- Study sample and phenotyping -- Trait/covariate correlation and heritability -- Overview of GWAS results and integration with the literature -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: Replication in two human cohorts -- Follow-up of genomic regions newly associated with facial features: effects in the mouse -- Genome annotations at associated loci - Conclusion - Methods -- Study subjects -- Genotype data -- Phenotyping -- Statistical genetic analysis -- Interaction of EDAR with other genes -- Expression analysis for significant SNPs -- Detection of archaic introgression near ATF3 and association with facial features -- Annotation of SNPs in FUMA -- Shape GWAS in outbred mic

A school-based physical activity promotion intervention in children: rationale and study protocol for the PREVIENE Project

The lack of physical activity and increasing time spent in sedentary behaviours during childhood place importance on developing low cost, easy-toimplement school-based interventions to increase physical activity among children. The PREVIENE Project will evaluate the effectiveness of five innovative, simple, and feasible interventions (active commuting to/from school, active Physical Education lessons, active school recess, sleep health promotion, and an integrated program incorporating all 4 interventions) to improve physical activity, fitness, anthropometry, sleep health, academic achievement, and health-related quality of life in primary school children. The PREVIENE Project will provide the information about the effectiveness and implementation of different school-based interventions for physical activity promotion in primary school children.The PREVIENE Project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2015-63988-R, MINECO-FEDER). MAG is supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes

experiencias de profesores para las comunidades universitarias

Libro Completo.En esta compilación de diferentes visiones del conocimiento de las múltiples disciplinas que cobijan la formación de los profesionales de la actualidad, encontrarán la visión y la exposición de las diferentes dinámicas pedagógicas y profesionales de los profesores de la Rectoría Cundinamarca de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios. Desde las diferentes perspectivas de la docencia, en los distintos programas académicos, se comprenderá y situará la visión estratégica y conceptual que redunda en la interdisciplinariedad, la integralidad y, por supuesto, la trasversalidad de las disciplinas profesionales. Será un recorrido a través de más de quince miradas de diversos profesionales dedicados a la academia, a diferentes conceptos que van desde la discusión de las ciencias sociales, pasando por la comprensión de las dinámicas de los sujetos y la visión de su diario vivir y, por supuesto aterrizándolas en conceptos de las ciencias exactas que, resaltarán la importancia del ejercicio disciplinar de diferentes profesiones. Asimismo, las temáticas conceptuales aquí expuestas son un material de consulta constante para otros profesores, estudiantes y público general, que tienen el deseo de ir más allá en la ampliación de sus saberes. Por lo anterior, se describen aquí dinámicas de reconocimiento conceptual y práctico de diferentes temáticas discutidas que le apuntan a cuatro líneas de saberes, pertenecientes al Plan de Desarrollo Profesoral 2020 – 2025 de la Rectoría de Cundinamarca

experiencias de profesores para las comunidades universitarias

Libro Completo.En esta compilación de diferentes visiones del conocimiento de las múltiples disciplinas que cobijan la formación de los profesionales de la actualidad, encontrarán la visión y la exposición de las diferentes dinámicas pedagógicas y profesionales de los profesores de la Rectoría Cundinamarca de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios. Desde las diferentes perspectivas de la docencia, en los distintos programas académicos, se comprenderá y situará la visión estratégica y conceptual que redunda en la interdisciplinariedad, la integralidad y, por supuesto, la trasversalidad de las disciplinas profesionales. Será un recorrido a través de más de quince miradas de diversos profesionales dedicados a la academia, a diferentes conceptos que van desde la discusión de las ciencias sociales, pasando por la comprensión de las dinámicas de los sujetos y la visión de su diario vivir y, por supuesto aterrizándolas en conceptos de las ciencias exactas que, resaltarán la importancia del ejercicio disciplinar de diferentes profesiones. Asimismo, las temáticas conceptuales aquí expuestas son un material de consulta constante para otros profesores, estudiantes y público general, que tienen el deseo de ir más allá en la ampliación de sus saberes. Por lo anterior, se describen aquí dinámicas de reconocimiento conceptual y práctico de diferentes temáticas discutidas que le apuntan a cuatro líneas de saberes, pertenecientes al Plan de Desarrollo Profesoral 2020 – 2025 de la Rectoría de Cundinamarca

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis