Computer-Generated Music

Hlavním cílem práce je analýza, návrh a implementace nového systému schopného generovat hudbu v reálném čase, na základě skutečných dat nebo libovolných rastrových obrázků. Práce poskytuje průřez historií snažení se o formalizaci kompozice hudby a prezentuje současné přístupy k její algoritmické tvorbě. Popisuje techniku programování pomocí omezujících podmínek která je vhodná i pro automatickou kompozici a je součástí implementovaného řešení. Práce do hloubky rozebírá základní komponenty aplikace (rozhraní, generátor, hudební jádro a zvukovou jednotku) a jejich vzájemné interakce. V práci jsou detailně vysvětleny všechny použité postupy a přístupy ke generování a zpracování hudebního materiálu, včetně mnoha průvodních obrázků a ukázkových příkladů. Hudební výstupy jsou podrobeny sérii testů, které odhalují možnosti aplikace a poukazují na její silné i slabé stránky. V závěru je uveden přínos autora v oblasti počítačem generované hudby a vyhlídky pro možná využití a budoucí rozšíření aplikace.The main goal of this thesis is the analysis, design and implementation of a new system, which would be able to generate music in real-time, based on terrain data or any raster image. The thesis deals with history of development of various attempts to formalize musical composition and presents contemporary approaches to its algorithmic creation. Technique of constraint programming is explored as well, because it is suitable also for automatic composition, and it is a part of implemented solution. Application components (interface, generator, music core and sound unit) and their interactions are examined in more detail. All approaches used for generating music are described in depth and, moreover, they are supported by many pictures and practical examples. Musical outputs are tested and results of these tests outline strengths, weaknesses and also inner possibilities of the designed system. Conclusion summarises author's contribution to the field of computer generated music and reveals possible prospects for application usage and its extensions.

Artistic Use of Fractal Filters (Context-Free Grammars)

Táto bakalárska práca sa zaoberá využitím bezkontextových gramatík v grafických aplikáciách za účelom generovania obrázkov a hlavne generovaním bezkontextovej návrhovej gramatiky. Obsahuje úvod do formálnych gramatík, popis aplikácií pracujúcich s bezkontextovými návrhovými gramatikami a návrh, implementáciu a použitie generátoru bezkontextovej návrhovej gramatiky gg_cs_cfdg.This bachelor's thesis is dealing with the use of context-free grammars in graphic aplications for generating images and mainly with generating context-free design grammars. It contains introduction to formal grammars, description of aplications working with context-free design grammars and concept, implementation and usage of context-free grammar generator gg_cs_cfdg.

A new valuation school: Integrating diverse values of nature in resource and land use decisions

We are increasingly confronted with severe social and economic impacts of environmental degradation all over the world. From a valuation perspective, environmental problems and conflicts originate from trade-offs between values. The urgency and importance to integrate nature\u27s diverse values in decisions and actions stand out more than ever. Valuation, in its broad sense of ‘assigning importance’, is inherently part of most decisions on natural resource and land use. Scholars from different traditions -while moving from heuristic interdisciplinary debate to applied transdisciplinary science- now acknowledge the need for combining multiple disciplines and methods to represent the diverse set of values of nature. This growing group of scientists and practitioners share the ambition to explore how combinations of ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation tools can support real-life resource and land use decision-making. The current sustainability challenges and the ineffectiveness of single-value approaches to offer relief demonstrate that continuing along a single path is no option. We advocate for the adherence of a plural valuation culture and its establishment as a common practice, by contesting and complementing ineffective and discriminatory single-value approaches. In policy and decision contexts with a willingness to improve sustainability, integrated valuation approaches can be blended in existing processes, whereas in contexts of power asymmetries or environmental conflicts, integrated valuation can promote the inclusion of diverse values through action research and support the struggle for social and environmental justice. The special issue and this editorial synthesis paper bring together lessons from pioneer case studies and research papers, synthesizing main challenges and setting out priorities for the years to come for the field of integrated valuation

A new valuation school : Integrating diverse values of nature in resource and land use decisions

We are increasingly confronted with severe social and economic impacts of environmental degradation all over the world. From a valuation perspective, environmental problems and conflicts originate from trade-offs between values. The urgency and importance to integrate nature's diverse values in decisions and actions stand out more than ever. Valuation, in its broad sense of 'assigning importance', is inherently part of most decisions on natural resource and land use. Scholars from different traditions -while moving from heuristic interdisciplinary debate to applied transdisciplinary science- now acknowledge the need for combining multiple disciplines and methods to represent the diverse set of values of nature. This growing group of scientists and practitioners share the ambition to explore how combinations of ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation tools can support real-life resource and land use decision-making. The current sustainability challenges and the ineffectiveness of single-value approaches to offer relief demonstrate that continuing along a single path is no option. We advocate for the adherence of a plural valuation culture and its establishment as a common practice, by contesting and complementing ineffective and discriminatory single-value approaches. In policy and decision contexts with a willingness to improve sustainability, integrated valuation approaches can be blended in existing processes, whereas in contexts of power asymmetries or environmental conflicts, integrated valuation can promote the inclusion of diverse values through action research and support the struggle for social and environmental justice. The special issue and this editorial synthesis paper bring together lessons from pioneer case studies and research papers, synthesizing main challenges and setting out priorities for the years to come for the field of integrated valuation.Peer reviewe

(Dis) integrated valuation - Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support

The operational challenges of integrated ecosystem service (ES) appraisals are determined by study purpose, system complexity and uncertainty, decision-makers' requirements for reliability and accuracy of methods, and approaches to stakeholder-science interaction in different decision contexts. To explore these factors we defined an information gap hypothesis, based on a theory of cumulative uncertainty in ES appraisals. When decision context requirements for accuracy and reliability increase, and the expected uncertainty of the ES appraisal methods also increases, the likelihood of methods being used is expected to drop, creating a potential information gap in governance. In order to test this information gap hypothesis, we evaluate 26 case studies and 80 ecosystem services appraisals in a large integrated EU research project. We find some support for a decreasing likelihood of ES appraisal methods coinciding with increasing accuracy and reliability requirements of the decision-support context, and with increasing uncertainty. We do not find that information costs are the explanation for this information gap, but rather that the research project interacted mostly with stakeholders outside the most decision-relevant contexts. The paper discusses how alternative definitions of integrated valuation can lead to different interpretations of decision-support information, and different governance approaches to dealing with uncertainty. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Stakeholders' perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept : Results from 27 case studies

The ecosystem service (ES) concept is becoming mainstream in policy and planning, but operational influence on practice is seldom reported. Here, we report the practitioners' perspectives on the practical implementation of the ES concept in 27 case studies. A standardised anonymous survey (n = 246), was used, focusing on the science-practice interaction process, perceived impact and expected use of the case study assessments. Operationalisation of the concept was shown to achieve a gradual change in practices: 13% of the case studies reported a change in action (e.g. management or policy change), and a further 40% anticipated that a change would result from the work. To a large extent the impact was attributed to a well conducted science-practice interaction process (>70%). The main reported advantages of the concept included: increased concept awareness and communication; enhanced participation and collaboration; production of comprehensive science-based knowledge; and production of spatially referenced knowledge for input to planning (91% indicated they had acquired new knowledge). The limitations were mostly case-specific and centred on methodology, data, and challenges with result implementation. The survey highlighted the crucial role of communication, participation and collaboration across different stakeholders, to implement the ES concept and enhance the democratisation of nature and landscape planning. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Návrh přípravy a dobývání 39. sloje Petronela v oblasti IV. oddílového překopu pod úrovní - 780 m Dolu Ostrava, závod Jeremenko

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