The Gas Temperature of Starless Cores in Perseus

In this paper we study the determinants of starless core temperatures in the Perseus molecular cloud. We use NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) observations to derive core temperatures (T_kin) and data from the COMPLETE Survey of Star Forming Regions and the c2d Spitzer Legacy Survey for observations of the other core and molecular cloud properties. The kinetic temperature distribution probed by NH3 is in the fairly narrow range of 9 - 15 K. We find that cores within the clusters IC348 and NGC1333 are significantly warmer than "field" starless cores, and T_kin is higher within regions of larger extinction-derived column density. Starless cores in the field are warmer when they are closer to class O/I protostars, but this effect is not seen for those cores in clusters. For field starless cores, T_kin is higher in regions in which the 13CO linewidth and the 1.1mm flux from the core are larger, and T_kin is lower when the the peak column density within the core and average volume density of the core are larger. There is no correlation between T_kin and 13CO linewidth, 1.1mm flux, density or peak column density for those cores in clusters. The temperature of the cloud material along the line of sight to the core, as measured by CO or far-infrared emission from dust, is positively correlated with core temperature when considering the collection of cores in the field and in clusters, but this effect is not apparent when the two subsamples of cores are considered separately.Comment: Accepted to ApJ; 13 pages, including 3 tables and three figure

WASP-29b: A Saturn-sized transiting exoplanet

We report the discovery of a Saturn-sized planet transiting a V = 11.3, K4 dwarf star every 3.9 d. WASP-29b has a mass of 0.24+/-0.02 M_Jup and a radius of 0.79+/-0.05 R_Jup, making it the smallest planet so far discovered by the WASP survey, and the exoplanet most similar in mass and radius to Saturn. The host star WASP-29 has an above-Solar metallicity and fits a possible correlation for Saturn-mass planets such that planets with higher-metallicity host stars have higher core masses and thus smaller radii.Comment: 6 pages, submitted to ApJ

Treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria:Report of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy/Healthcare Infection Society/British Infection Association Joint Working Party

The Working Party makes more than 100 tabulated recommendations in antimicrobial prescribing for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and suggest further research, and algorithms for hospital and community antimicrobial usage in urinary infection. The international definition of MDR is complex, unsatisfactory and hinders the setting and monitoring of improvement programmes. We give a new definition of multiresistance. The background information on the mechanisms, global spread and UK prevalence of antibiotic prescribing and resistance has been systematically reviewed. The treatment options available in hospitals using intravenous antibiotics and in primary care using oral agents have been reviewed, ending with a consideration of antibiotic stewardship and recommendations. The guidance has been derived from current peer-reviewed publications and expert opinion with open consultation. Methods for systematic review were NICE compliant and in accordance with the SIGN 50 Handbook; critical appraisal was applied using AGREE II. Published guidelines were used as part of the evidence base and to support expert consensus. The guidance includes recommendations for stakeholders (including prescribers) and antibiotic-specific recommendations. The clinical efficacy of different agents is critically reviewed. We found there are very few good-quality comparative randomized clinical trials to support treatment regimens, particularly for licensed older agents. Susceptibility testing of MDR GNB causing infection to guide treatment needs critical enhancements. Meropenem- or imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae should have their carbapenem MICs tested urgently, and any carbapenemase class should be identified: mandatory reporting of these isolates from all anatomical sites and specimens would improve risk assessments. Broth microdilution methods should be adopted for colistin susceptibility testing. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes should be instituted in all care settings, based on resistance rates and audit of compliance with guidelines, but should be augmented by improved surveillance of outcome in Gram-negative bacteraemia, and feedback to prescribers. Local and national surveillance of antibiotic use, resistance and outcomes should be supported and antibiotic prescribing guidelines should be informed by these data. The diagnosis and treatment of both presumptive and confirmed cases of infection by GNB should be improved. This guidance, with infection control to arrest increases in MDR, should be used to improve the outcome of infections with such strains. Anticipated users include medical, scientific, nursing, antimicrobial pharmacy and paramedical staff where they can be adapted for local use

WASP-30b: a 61 Mjup brown dwarf transiting a V=12, F8 star

We report the discovery of a 61-Jupiter-mass brown dwarf, which transits its F8V host star, WASP-30, every 4.16 days. From a range of age indicators we estimate the system age to be 1-2 Gyr. We derive a radius (0.89 +/- 0.02 RJup) for the companion that is consistent with that predicted (0.914 RJup) by a model of a 1-Gyr-old, non-irradiated brown dwarf with a dusty atmosphere. The location of WASP-30b in the minimum of the mass-radius relation is consistent with the quantitative prediction of Chabrier & Baraffe (2000), thus confirming the theory.Comment: As accepted for publication in ApJL (6 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables

Qatar-1b: a hot Jupiter orbiting a metal-rich K dwarf star

We report the discovery and initial characterisation of Qatar-1b, a hot Jupiter orbiting a metal-rich K dwarf star, the first planet discovered by the Alsubai Project exoplanet transit survey. We describe the strategy used to select candidate transiting planets from photometry generated by the Alsubai Project instrument. We examine the rate of astrophysical and other false positives found during the spectroscopic reconnaissance of the initial batch of candidates. A simultaneous fit to the follow-up radial velocities and photometry of Qatar-1b yield a planetary mass of 1.09+/-0.08 Mjup and a radius of 1.16+/-0.05 Rjup. The orbital period and separation are 1.420033 days and 0.0234 AU for an orbit assumed to be circular. The stellar density, effective temperature and rotation rate indicate an age greater than 4 Gyr for the system.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

WASP-42 b and WASP-49 b: two new transiting sub-Jupiters

We report the discovery of two new transiting planets from the WASP survey. WASP-42 b is a 0.500 +/- 0.035 M_jup planet orbiting a K1 star at a separation of 0.0548 +/- 0.0017 AU with a period of 4.9816872 +/- 7.3 x 10^-6 days. The radius of WASP-42 b is 1.080 +/- 0.057 R_jup while its equilibrium temperature is T_eq = 995 +/- 34 K. We detect some evidence for a small but non-zero eccentricity of e=0.060 +/- 0.013. WASP-49 b is a 0.378 +/- 0.027 M_jup planet around an old G6 star. It has a period of 2.7817387 +/- 5.6 x 10^-6 days and a separation of 0.0379 +/- 0.0011 AU. This planet is slightly bloated, having a radius of 1.115 +/- 0.047 R_jup and an equilibrium temperature of T_eq = 1369 +/- 39 K. Both planets have been followed up photometrically, and in total we have obtained 5 full and one partial transit light curves of WASP-42 and 4 full and one partial light curves of WASP-49 using the Euler-Swiss, TRAPPIST and Faulkes South telescopes

Realism, Objectivity, and Evaluation

I discuss Benacerraf's epistemological challenge for realism about areas like mathematics, metalogic, and modality, and describe the pluralist response to it. I explain why normative pluralism is peculiarly unsatisfactory, and use this explanation to formulate a radicalization of Moore's Open Question Argument. According to the argument, the facts -- even the normative facts -- fail to settle the practical questions at the center of our normative lives. One lesson is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension

WASP-26b : a 1-Jupiter-mass planet around an early-G-type star

We report the discovery of WASP-26b, a moderately over-sized Jupiter-mass exoplanet transiting its 11.3-mag early-G-type host star (1SWASP J001824.70-151602.3; TYC 5839-876-1) every 2.7566 days. A simultaneous fit to transit photometry and radial-velocity measurements yields a planetary mass of 1.02 ± 0.03 MJup and radius of 1.32 ± 0.08 RJup. The host star, WASP-26, has a mass of 1.12 ± 0.03 M and a radius of 1.34 ± 0.06 R and is in a visual double with a fainter K-type star. The two stars are at least a common-proper motion pair with a common distance of around 250 ± 15 pc and an age of 6 ± 2 Gy

Protostellar disk formation and transport of angular momentum during magnetized core collapse

Theoretical studies of collapsing clouds have found that even a relatively weak magnetic field (B) may prevent the formation of disks and their fragmentation. However, most previous studies have been limited to cases where B and the rotation axis of the cloud are aligned. We study the transport of angular momentum, and its effects on disk formation, for non-aligned initial configurations and a range magnetic intensities. We perform 3D AMR MHD simulations of magnetically supercritical collapsing dense cores using the code Ramses. We compute the contributions of the processes transporting angular momentum (J), in the envelope and the region of the disk. We clearly define what could be defined as centrifugally supported disks and study their properties. At variance with earlier analyses, we show that the transport of J acts less efficiently in collapsing cores with non-aligned rotation axis and B. Analytically, this result can be understood by taking into account the bending of field lines occurring during the gravitational collapse. For the transport of J, we conclude that magnetic braking in the mean direction of B tends to dominate over both the gravitational and outflow transport of J. We find that massive disks, containing at least 10% of the initial core mass, can form during the earliest stages of star formation even for mass-to-flux ratios as small as 3 to 5 times the critical value. At higher field intensities, the early formation of massive disks is prevented. Given the ubiquity of Class I disks, and because the early formation of massive disks can take place at moderate magnetic intensities, we speculate that for stronger fields, disks will form later, when most of the envelope will have been accreted. In addition, we speculate that some observed early massive disks may actually be outflow cavities, mistaken for disks by projection effects. (Abridged version of the abstract.)Comment: 23 pages, 23 figures, to be published in A&

Masalah Anemi Gizi Pada Wanita Hamil Dalam Hubungannya Dengan Pola Konsumsi Makanan

Penyelidikan pendahuluan yang dilakukan Martoatmodjo dan kawan-kawan di desa Bendungan menunjukkan adanya prevalensi anemi gizi yang tinggi pada wanita hamil. Penyelidikan tersebut dilanjutkan pada tahun 1970-71 di Kabupaten Bogor, meliputi 217 wanita hamil triwulan II dan III dan 78 wanita tak hamil sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pada tahun 1971-73 dilakukan penyelidikan pada 266 wanita hamil triwulan III dan kelompok kontrol (129 suami mereka dan 109 wanita tak hamil) dengan pola konsumsi makanan berlainan berdasarkan makanan pokok utama yaitu beras di Kabupaten Indramayu & Purwakarta, gaplek & beras di Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, beras & ubi jalar serta jagung & singkong di Bali. Prevalensi anemia gizi besi pada wanita hamil yang tertinggi ditemukan di daerah makanan pokok beras (77% menurut kadar Hb dan 83% menurut jenuh transferin); nomor dua tertinggi dijumpai di daerah makanan poko beras & ubi jalar (56% menurut kadar Hb dan 70% menurut jenuh transferin). Di dua daerah tersebut persentase parasit usus didapatkan tinggi. Masalah anemi gizi besi pada wanita hamil yang terendah ditemukan di daerah dengan makanan pokok utama gaplek & beras (Gunung Kidul 46% menurut kadar Hb dan 58% menurut jenuh transferin) dengan konsumsi bahan makanan beraneka ragam dan juga ditemukan persentase parasit usus terendah dari semua daerah yang diselidiki