La educación para la ciudadanía democrática y la didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales. Estudio de un caso de investigacion-acción en la formación inicial de maestros de Educación Primaria

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado y Educación, Departamento de Didácticas Específicas. Fecha de lectura: 29 de abril de 201

Propuestas didácticas de carácter interdisciplinar para la enseñanza/Aprendizaje del espacio y el tiempo en la educación infantil

En este artículo se desarrollan propuestas didácticas de carácter interdisciplinar que el maestro de educación infantil puede aplicar en su práctica educativa para conseguir que niños y niñas interioricen las nociones de espacio y tiempo. Estas propuestas se enmarcan en el ámbito del conocimiento del entorno natural y social, que en esta etapa educativa no se configura como un área independiente. Se parte de la idea de que el propio cuerpo es el primer punto de referencia de la percepción y que desde la percepción del propio esquema corporal se llegará a dominar la percepción del espacio representativo. En la segunda parte, ampliamos el horizonte espacial e introducimos las nociones temporales, en base a la percepción que el niño tiene de los cambios que se producen en su entorno cercano, especialmente de los cambios rítmicos (rutinas en el día, cambios estacionales, cambios en la familia…). Por último, en la tercera parte, se plantea el descubrimiento, correcta percepción y comprensión por parte del niño, de un espacio más amplio: en la calle, el barrio, el pueblo o la ciudad. Cada uno de los tres apartados se acompaña de propuestas didácticas que permiten implementar y llevar a la práctica con facilidad, las argumentaciones teóricasIn this article we present interdisciplinary educational proposals that young children teachers could apply in their educational practice to ensure that children internalize the notions of space and time. These proposals concern the natural and the social environments, which in this level of education are not considered independent areas but one complex field. Each proposal contains specific activities with a theoretical basis which justifies them. We start in the first part from the concept that for human beings the body is the first benchmark of perception. From the perception of the body scheme itself, we finally acknowledge representative space. Then, in the second part, we expand the field and introduce temporal notions, taking into account the perception that children have of changes that occur in their immediate environment, especially recurrent changes (routines during the day, seasonal changes, within the family...). Finally, in the third part, we elaborate on the discovery, correct perception and understanding by the child, of a wider space: the street, the neighborhood, the town or cit

The Oldest Case of Decapitation in the New World (Lapa do Santo, East-Central Brazil)

We present here evidence for an early Holocene case of decapitation in the New World (Burial 26), found in the rock shelter of Lapa do Santo in 2007. Lapa do Santo is an archaeological site located in the Lagoa Santa karst in east-central Brazil with evidence of human occupation dating as far back as 11.7-12.7 cal kyBP (95.4% interval). An ultra-filtered AMS age determination on a fragment of the sphenoid provided an age range of 9.1-9.4 cal kyBP (95.4% interval) for Burial 26. The interment was composed of an articulated cranium, mandible and first six cervical vertebrae. Cut marks with a v-shaped profile were observed in the mandible and sixth cervical vertebra. The right hand was amputated and laid over the left side of the face with distal phalanges pointing to the chin and the left hand was amputated and laid over the right side of the face with distal phalanges pointing to the forehead. Strontium analysis comparing Burial 26's isotopic signature to other specimens from Lapa do Santo suggests this was a local member of the group. Therefore, we suggest a ritualized decapitation instead of trophy-taking, testifying for the sophistication of mortuary rituals among hunter-gatherers in the Americas during the early Archaic period. In the apparent absence of wealth goods or elaborated architecture, Lapa do Santo's inhabitants seemed to use the human body to express their cosmological principles regarding death

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals &lt;1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 9

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, volumen 9, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

El concepto de ciudadanía, la historia y el territorio como factores de la educación ciudadana en Francia e Inglaterra

La Educación para la Ciudadanía es uno de los campos de las Ciencias Sociales más interdisciplinares. En ella convergen las disciplinas didácticas aplicadas como la Pedagogía y la Psicología con la ciencia política, la historia, el derecho, la filosofía, la antropología, la geografía y alguna más. Además concita sentimientos acerca de la identidad, pertenencia. El autor para contribuir a la cohesión social mediante la educación ha sondeado las propuestas educativas de países con un acervo democrático probado, Francia e Inglaterra, pensando en su adaptación a España. Sin embargo, existe una gran diversidad de opiniones y perspectivas en cuanto a qué enseñar en esta materia y de hecho no parece cercano el consenso ni en el seno de la Unión Europea. Tal dispersión se debe a la cantidad de factores culturales, políticos e históricos que influyen en cómo abordar este campo de la educación. Parecía obvio que uno de ellos fuese el contexto político, pero entendido éste no solo como el ideario del partido en el gobierno sino como 'cultura política' o 'ética filosófica nacional' que informa las pautas y procedimientos comúnmente aceptados en los países para gestionar la relación entre los individuos y el Estado y para resolver los conflictos de poder.País VascoUniversidad Pública de Navarra. Biblioteca; Campus de Arrosadía; 31006 Pamplona; Tel. +34948169060; Fax +34948169069; [email protected]