Monte Carlo Simulation of Stopped Muon Monitors for DUNE/LBNF

The composition of neutrino flavor eigenstates in terms of neutrino mass states leads to the phenomenon of “neutrino oscillation”, whereby a neutrino created in one flavor may change to another in flight. DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) is an experiment designed with a 1300 km baseline to study and measure the parameters involved in neutrino oscillation. To measure the tertiary muon beam created with the neutrinos, a detector designed to measure stopping muons is used. The detector will pick up light created in the decay of a muon in mineral oil in the center. To study the response of the muon monitor in the proposed experiment set-up Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 software package is used. Combining a detector specific Monte Carlo simulation with the overall experiment beam Monte Carlo has led to a model for predicting stopping muon flux from an overall muon beam flux. This has been used to create a picture of detector response in arbitrary configurations and develop a timing scheme to prevent saturation of the detector. Progress has also been made using this model to understand detector response using different production models

A smart sensor box to increase the adaptability of automated manufacturing

A cost-effective and accurate method to add or change sensors in an automated manufacturing line is essential in order to increase the flexibility and adaptability of production systems. In particular, small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and companies offering custom solutions can only compete in the highly interconnected age of Industry 4.0 if their operations are agile and dynamic. This paper presents a new, low-cost solution to this problem through the development of a Smart Sensor Box. The paper introduces the benefits of this highly adaptable system comparing it to currently available solutions, while testing conducted demonstrates the solution’s accuracy and repeatability. The layout and operational capabilities for three versions of the Smart Sensor Box are discussed in detail and example applications are presented

An overview of automated manufacturing for composite materials

This paper aims to present an overview of composite materials with the focus on automated manufacturing. First, it provides an initial understanding of what composite materials are, their different classifications and their advantages and disadvantages. Then, manufacturing automation is discussed along with the different classifications of robot that are commonly used and the advantages and disadvantages of automation. Market analysis shows that three industries of interest due to their advancements in composite and automated manufacturing are the automotive, aerospace and marine industries. A review of companies currently implementing composite materials and their use of automated manufacturing within these specific industries has therefore been carried out. Finally, research challenges are highlighted, along with directions for future research

High-precision UWB based localisation for UAV in extremely confined environments

In this paper, a high-precision ultra-wideband (UWB) based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localisation approach is proposed for applications in extremely confined environments. It is motivated by the emerging demand on autonomous inspection in such environments that are hard or impossible for humans to access. Instead of the traditional localisation techniques such as global positioning system (GPS), vision based or other localisation techniques, the UWB based localisation technique is adopted for precise UAV positioning due to its high accuracy, implementation simplicity and suitability in such environments. To avoid the requirement on strict synchronisation between sensor nodes and provide decimetre-level accuracy, the proposed algorithm combined the two-way time-of-flight (TW-TOF) localisation scheme with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. This differs from applications in other environments, the number and deployment area of anchor nodes are highly restricted in such environments. Therefore, an in-depth investigation for the anchor deployment strategies is presented to find the most suitable geometry configurations with accurate and robust performance. Finally, extensive simulations, static experiments and flight tests have been conducted to validate the localisation performance under different deployment strategies. The experiments show that average localisation error and standard deviation (STD) under 0.2 m and 0.07 m are obtainable by using our proposed approach under three different geometry configurations of anchor nodes. This is suitable for different applications in extremely confined environments

Stereo vision-based autonomous navigation for oil and gas pressure vessel inspection using a low-cost UAV

It is vital to visually inspect pressure vessels regularly in the oil and gas company to maintain their integrity. Compared with visual inspection conducted by sending engineers and ground vehicles into the pressure vessel, utilising an autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can overcome many limitations including high labour intensity, low efficiency and high risk to human health. This work focuses on enhancing some existing technologies to support low-cost UAV autonomous navigation for visual inspection of oil and gas pressure vessels. The UAV can gain the ability to follow the planned trajectory autonomously to record videos with a stereo camera in the pressure vessel, which is a GPS-denied and low-illumination environment. Particularly, the ORB-SLAM3 is improved by adopting the image contrast enhancement technique to locate the UAV in this challenging scenario. What is more, a vision hybrid Proportional-Proportional-Integral-Derivative (P-PID) position tracking controller is integrated to control the movement of the UAV. The ROS-Gazebo-PX4 simulator is customised deeply to validate the developed stereo vision-based autonomous navigation approach. It is verified that compared with the ORB-SLAM3, the numbers of ORB feature points and effective matching points obtained by the improved ORB-SLAM3 are increased by more than 400% and 600%, respectively. Thereby, the improved ORB-SLAM3 is effective and robust enough for UAV self-localisation, and the developed stereo vision-based autonomous navigation approach can be deployed for pressure vessel visual inspectio

Measurement of the t(t)over-barb(b)over-bar production cross section in the all-jet final state in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs in association with two b jets (t (t) over barb (b) over bar) is presented using data collected in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The cross section is measured in the all-jet decay channel of the top quark pair by selecting events containing at least eight jets, of which at least two are identified as originating from the hadronization of b quarks. A combination of multivariate analysis techniques is used to reduce the large background from multijet events not containing a top quark pair, and to help discriminate between jets originating from top quark decays and other additional jets. The cross section is determined for the total phase space to be 5.5 +/- 0.3 (stat)(-1.3)(+)(1.6) (syst)pb and also measured for two fiducial t (t) over barb (b) over bar, definitions. The measured cross sections are found to be larger than theoretical predictions by a factor of 1.5-2.4, corresponding to 1-2 standard deviations. (C) 2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in pp collision data collected at root s=13TeV

A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from bquarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables. No significant deviation is observed from the expected background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair-produced lightest top squarks. For top squarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lightest neutralino, lower limits are placed at 95% confidence level on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino up to 925 and 450 GeV, respectively. If the decay proceeds via an intermediate chargino, the corresponding lower limits on the mass of the lightest top squark are set up to 850 GeV for neutralino masses below 420 GeV. For top squarks undergoing a cascade decay through charginos and sleptons, the mass limits reach up to 1.4 TeV and 900 GeV respectively for the top squark and the lightest neutralino.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat