ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OPERATIONS AND CONDITION OF THE FREE ACADEMY, BY THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. JULY, 1859.

Report twelve from the second bound volume of ten which documents in part the first nineteen years of The Free Academy, the predecessor of the educational institution, City College of New York. [NEW YORK CITY. BOARD OF EDUCATION. REPORTS‰Û_ON THE FREE ACADEMY. 1850-1859] includes 15 individual reports. At a time when municipal education constituted primary schooling, citizens united in response to arguments presented by a merchant and Board of Education President, Townsend Harris, for the necessity of an institution that would provide advanced training for future generations of citizens to fully engage in the professions advantageous to an expanding urban center. Includes preliminary reports that commented on the application of resources for the creation of the institution and the annual reports of the faculty, demonstrating accountability to the Board of Education with regard to the operation of the facility., ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE OPERATIONS AND CONDITION OF THE FREE ACADEMY, BY THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. JULY, 1859. [Pages: title page, 4-75, 77-83, 85-93], RG

NINTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE OPERATION AND CONDITION OF THE FREE ACADEMY BY THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. JULY, 1857.

Report ten from the second bound volume of ten which documents in part the first nineteen years of The Free Academy, the predecessor of the educational institution, City College of New York. [NEW YORK CITY. BOARD OF EDUCATION. REPORTS‰Û_ON THE FREE ACADEMY. 1850-1859] includes 15 individual reports. At a time when municipal education constituted primary schooling, citizens united in response to arguments presented by a merchant and Board of Education President, Townsend Harris, for the necessity of an institution that would provide advanced training for future generations of citizens to fully engage in the professions advantageous to an expanding urban center. Includes preliminary reports that commented on the application of resources for the creation of the institution and the annual reports of the faculty, demonstrating accountability to the Board of Education with regard to the operation of the facility., NINTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE OPERATION AND CONDITION OF THE FREE ACADEMY BY THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. JULY, 1857. [Pages: title pages, 4-23, 22-87], RG

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

A Broad, Distributed Active Fault Zone Lies Beneath Salt Lake City, Utah

Although the Wasatch fault is currently known to have a high‐seismic hazard from motion along range‐bounding faults, new seismic data reveal faulted and folded 13,000–30,000‐yr‐old Lake Bonneville strata beneath Salt Lake City (SLC). Coupled with previous excavation trench, borehole, and other geologic and geophysical observations, we conclude that a zone of latest Pleistocene and/or Holocene faulting and folding kinematically links the East Bench and Warm Springs faults through a 3 km wide relay structure and transfer zone. We characterize faults beneath downtown SLC as active, and these faults may displace or deform the ground surface during an earthquake. Through offset but linked faults, our observations support throughgoing ruptures across faults of the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) and an elevated risk of earthquake‐induced building damage

Resonant Frequency Derived from the Rayleigh‐Wave Dispersion Image: The High‐Impedance Boundary Problem

We present a simple and automated approach to estimate primary site‐response resonance, layer thickness, and shear‐wave velocity directly from a dispersion image for a layer over half‐space problem. We demonstrate this for high‐impedance boundary conditions that lie in the upper tens of meters. Our approach eliminates the need for time‐consuming dispersion curve picking and 1D shear‐wave velocity inversion for large data volumes that can capture velocity structure in profile. We highlight important relationships between dispersion characteristics and resonance parameters through synthetic modeling and field data acquired over Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments. In this environment, shallow soil conditions are critical to accurately estimate earthquake site response. We suggest that this image processing approach can be applied to a range of high‐impedance conditions, at a range of scales, or can provide model constraints for more complex velocity structures

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Synchrotron micro-scale measurement of metal distributions in Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia root tissue from an urban brownfield site

Liberty State Park in New Jersey, USA, is a brownfield site containing various levels of contaminants. To investigate metal uptake and distributions in plants on the brownfield site, Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were collected in Liberty State Park during the growing season (May-September) in 2011 at two sites with the high and low metal loads, respectively. The objective of this study was to understand the metal (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentration and spatial distributions in P. australis and T. latifolia root systems with micro-meter scale resolution using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence (μXRF) and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (μCMT) techniques. The root structure measurement by synchrotron μCMT showed that high X-ray attenuation substance appeared in the epidermis. Synchrotron μXRF measurement showed that metal concentrations and distributions in the root cross-section between epidermis and vascular tissue were statistically different. Significant correlations were found between metals (Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and Fe in the epidermis, implying that metals were scavenged by Fe oxides. The results from this study suggest that the expression of metal transport and accumulation within the root systems may be element specific. The information derived from this study can improve our current knowledge of the wetland plant ecological function in brownfield remediation