ALKALOHALOPHILIC BACTERIA OF THE FAMILY BACILLACEAE IN THE LAKES OF THE BADAIN JARAN DESERT (CHINA)

The Badain Jaran desert is located in the western part of Inner Mongolia (China) in the Alashan Highland. The investigated soda-salt lakes combine high pH (more than 9) and mineralization (up to 400 g/dm3), where conditions for the development of an alkali-halophilic microbial community are created. The purpose of our work was to isolate and study pure alkali-halophilic microorganisms in the lakes of the Badain Jaran desert. From the accumulative cultures of the cortex salt and the microbial mats of the lakes of the Badain Jaran desert, pure cultures belonging to the family Bacillaceae (the phylum Firmicutes) were isolated and described. With the help of biochemical methods, the ecological and physiological properties of the isolated bacteria were determined. The isolated bacteria exhibit the properties of alkalophiles and obligate alkalophiles and develop at pH 7–10.5, the optima ranging from 9 to 10. With respect to the concentration of NaCl, the strains showed the properties of obligate halophiles and extreme halophiles. With respect to temperature, the isolated microorganisms are mesophiles growing at 10–50 °C, the optimal growth being at 30–40 °C. With respect to the substrates used, the isolated cultures are noted for extensive metabolic activity and, when in their natural habitats, are supposedly active participants of the destruction of organic matter. To study the hydrochemical indicators of water, the following methods were used: atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. As a result, it was found that a sodium cation and anions of carbonate, bicarbonate of chlorine and sulphate dominate in the soda-salt lakes of the Badain Jaran desert in a multicomponent composition. The results obtained broaden the notion of the diversity and ecological significance of bacteria in the extreme natural ecosystems of the Badain Jaran desert. The isolated strains are of interest for biotechnology as producers of enzymes resistant to high pH and mineralization

Modern trends in economic security of enterprise in Ukraine

Анісімова, О. М. Сучасні тенденції економічної безпеки підприємства в Україні / О. М. Анісімова, Л. В. Лаврентьєва // Теоретичні і практичні аспекти економіки та інтелектуальної власності = Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Economics and Intellectual Property : збірник наукових праць : у 2-х вип. / ПДТУ. – Маріуполь, 2015. – Вип. 1, Т. 1. – С. 153–158.В статті досліджується економічна безпека як важлива категорія для теоретичної концепції національної безпеки. Визначено поняття «економічна безпека підприємства» з точки зору різних вчених та головна мета управління економічною безпекою. Вказано на зв'язок між економічною безпекою господарюючих суб’єктів та економічним розвитком держави на фоні сучасних глобалізаційних процесів розвитку міжнародних відносин. Представлено ряд проблем, які сьогодні перешкоджають зміцненню економічної безпеки підприємництва в Україні та її регіонах і на вирішення яких має бути спрямована послідовна й активна державна економічна політика у цій сфері. Виявлено недоліки в ефективності державного регулювання підприємництва в Україні. Запропоновано шляхи подальшого вдосконалення податкової політики в Україні в контексті забезпечення безпеки на підприємствах. Наведено низку пропозицій щодо підвищення фінансової безпеки підприємств в Україні. Тим самим, представлено, що зміни мають впроваджуватися не лише на рівні підприємств, але й з боку держави. Наголошено на найбільш важливих факторах, що впливають на економічну безпеку підприємства.В статье исследуется экономическая безопасность как важная категория для теоретической концепции национальной безопасности. Определено понятие «экономическая безопасность предприятия» с точки зрения различных ученых и главная цель управления экономической безопасностью. Указано на связь между экономической безопасностью хозяйствующих субъектов и экономическим развитием государства на фоне современных глобализационных процессов развития международных отношений. Представлен ряд проблем, которые сегодня препятствуют укреплению экономической безопасности предпринимательства в Украине и ее регионах, и на решение которых должна быть направлена последовательная и активная государственная экономическая политика в этой сфере. Обнаружены недостатки в эффективности государственного регулирования предпринимательства в Украине. Предложены пути дальнейшего совершенствования налоговой политики в Украине в контексте обеспечения безопасности на предприятиях. Приведен ряд предложений по повышению финансовой безопасности предприятий в Украине. Тем самым, представлено, что изменения должны внедряться не только на уровне предприятий, но и со стороны государства. Сделан акцент на наиболее важных факторах, влияющих на экономическую безопасность предприятия.The article explored important theories of national safety question determinations of the category economic safety. Define the concept of "economic security" from the point of view of different scientists, and the main purpose of management of economic security. Listed on the link between economic security of business entities and economic development of the state on the background of modern globalization processes of international relations. Presents a number of problems, which are now an impediment to the promotion of economic security of enterprises in Ukraine and its regions and the solution of which must be focused, consistent, and active government economic policy in this area. Detected shortcomings in the efficiency of state regulation of entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Ways of further improvement of tax policy in Ukraine in the context of ensuring security in enterprises. Given a number of proposals to improve the financial security of enterprises in Ukraine. Thus, it appears that the changes should be implemented not only at the enterprise level, but also on the part of the state. Focus on the most important factors affecting the economic security of the enterprise

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) of Three Spectrometers for the ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm−1. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ПАРВОВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ РОССИИ

The aim of this study is to estimate parvovirus B19 (PV B19) infection (infectious erythema) prevalence in North-West Russia. In 2009-2011 anti-IgM antibodies against PV B19 among 12,5% of patients with exanthematous disease was detected in 9 (from 11) administrative territories of N-W region. Prevalence of anti-IgG antibodies in pregnant females (risk group) vary from 37,5 to 83,3%% in various age groups. Sufficient that most reproductively active females age group (18–35 yo) belongs to the group of risk: 49,2% (in St-Petersburg) and 40,5% (in Vologda) were anti-IgG PV B19 negative. Rational clinical laboratory diagnostics and modern surveilliance of PV B19 and other exanthematous diseases were discussed.В статье представлены результаты изучения распространения парвовирусной инфекции (инфекционной эритемы) на территории Северо-Западного федерального округа. Показано, что в 2009–2011 гг. антитела класса IgM к парвовирусу В 19 (PV B19) определялись в сыворотках крови больных экзантемными заболеваниями в среднем в 12,5% случаев на 9 из 11 территорий округа. Распространение инфекционной эритемы изучали также в группе риска – среди беременных женщин Санкт-Петербурга и Вологды по наличию в сыворотках крови IgG-антител. Установлено, что в каждой возрастной группе имеются лица, перенесшие ранее парвовирусную инфекцию. Их удельный вес колеблется от 37,5% до 83,3%. Вместе с тем установлено, что существенная доля женщин наиболее активного репродуктивного возраста (18–35 лет) не защищена против парвовирусной инфекции: 49,2% и 40,5% в г. Санкт-Петербурге и г. Вологде, соответственно. Обсуждается вероятность ошибок клинической диагностики парвовирусной инфекции; подчеркивается важность вирусологического надзора за экзантемными вирусными инфекциями на современном этапе

The 2015 edition of the GEISA spectroscopic database

The GEISA database (Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmosphériques: Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic Information) has been developed and maintained by the ARA/ABC(t) group at LMD since 1974. GEISA is constantly evolving, taking into account the best available spectroscopic data. This paper presents the 2015 release of GEISA (GEISA-2015), which updates the last edition of 2011 and celebrates the 40th anniversary of the database. Significant updates and additions have been implemented in the three following independent databases of GEISA. The “line parameters database” contains 52 molecular species (118 isotopologues) and transitions in the spectral range from 10−6 to 35,877.031 cm−1, representing 5,067,351 entries, against 3,794,297 in GEISA-2011. Among the previously existing molecules, 20 molecular species have been updated. A new molecule (SO3) has been added. HDO, isotopologue of H2O, is now identified as an independent molecular species. Seven new isotopologues have been added to the GEISA-2015 database. The “cross section sub-database” has been enriched by the addition of 43 new molecular species in its infrared part, 4 molecules (ethane, propane, acetone, acetonitrile) are also updated; they represent 3% of the update. A new section is added, in the near-infrared spectral region, involving 7 molecular species: CH3CN, CH3I, CH3O2, H2CO, HO2, HONO, NH3. The “microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols sub-database” has been updated for the first time since 2003. It contains more than 40 species originating from NCAR and 20 from the ARIA archive of Oxford University. As for the previous versions, this new release of GEISA and associated management software facilities are implemented and freely accessible on the AERIS/ESPRI atmospheric chemistry data center website

The HITRAN2020 Molecular Spectroscopic Database

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition

The 2009 edition of the GEISA spectroscopic database

The updated 2009 edition of the spectroscopic database GEISA (Gestionet Etudedes Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques ; Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic Information) is described in this paper. GEISA is a computer-accessible system comprising three independent sub-databases devoted, respectively, to: line parameters, infrared and ultraviolet/visible absorption cross-sections, microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. In this edition, 50 molecules are involved in the line parameters sub-database, including 111 isotopologues, for a total of 3,807,997 entries, in the spectral range from 10-6 to 35,877.031cm-1. GEISA, continuously developed and maintained at LMD (Laboratoirede Meteorologie Dynamique, France) since 1976, is implemented on the IPSL/CNRS(France) ‘‘Ether’’ Products and Services Centre WEB site (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr), where all archived spectroscopic data can be handled through general and user friendly associated managements of software facilities. More than 350 researchers are registered for online use of GEISA

Do hypoxia/normoxia culturing conditions change the neuroregulatory profile of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells secretome?

Introduction: The use of human umbilical cord Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) has been considered a new potential source for future safe applications in regenerative medicine. Indeed, the application of hWJ-MSCs into different animal models of disease, including those from the central nervous system, has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits mostly associated with their secretome. Conventionally, hWJ-MSCs are cultured and characterized under normoxic conditions (21 % oxygen tension), although the oxygen levels within tissues are typically much lower (hypoxic) than these standard culture conditions. Therefore, oxygen tension represents an important environmental factor that may affect the performance of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. However, the impact of hypoxic conditions on distinct mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, such as the secretome, still remains unclear. Methods: In the present study, we have examined the effects of normoxic (21 % O2) and hypoxic (5 % O2) conditions on the hWJ-MSC secretome. Subsequently, we address the impact of the distinct secretome in the neuronal cell survival and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Results: The present data indicate that the hWJ-MSC secretome collected from normoxic and hypoxic conditions displayed similar effects in supporting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in vitro. However, proteomic analysis revealed that the use of hypoxic preconditioning led to the upregulation of several proteins within the hWJ-MSC secretome. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the optimization of parameters such as hypoxia may lead to the development of strategies that enhance the therapeutic effects of the secretome for future regenerative medicine studies and applications. © 2015 Teixeira et al.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Ciência 2007 program and IF Development Grant (AJS); and pre-doctoral fellowships to FGT (SFRH/69637/ 2010) and SIA (SFRH/BD/81495/2011); Canada Research Chairs (LAB) and a SSE Postdoctoral Fellowship (KMP); The National Mass Spectrometry Network (RNEM) (REDE/1506/REM/2005); co-funded by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), ao abrigo do Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN), através do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700