1,863 research outputs found
Makrozoobentos sebagai Indikator Biologis dalam Menentukan Kualitas Air Sungai Ranoyapo, Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara
MAKROZOOBENTOS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR BIOLOGIS DALAM MENENTUKAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI RANOYAPO, MINAHASA SELATAN, SULAWESI UTARA ABSTRAK Sungai Ranoyapo merupakan sungai terpanjang di Wilayah Minahasa dengan panjang sekitar 60, 5 Km. Sungai Ranoyapo adalah sungai utama DAS Ranoyapo yang memiliki luas sekitar 87,154 Ha. Sungai Ranoyapo melintasi kawasan pertanian, perkebunan, permukiman penduduk, dan industri. Limbah yang berasal dari kawasan tersebut mempengaruhi kualitas air Sungai Ranoyapo. Makrozoobentos dapat digunakan sebagai parameter biologi dalam menentukan kondisi sungai karena hidupnya relatif diam di dasar sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas air Sungai Ranoyapo berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim hujan yaitu Januari-Maret 2013. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan dari bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai dengan 3 ulangan di tiap lokasi. Kualitas air Sungai Ranoyapo ditentukan berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos dari Shannon Wiener (H') menurut kriteria Staub et al (1970). Makrozoobentos di Sungai Ranoyapo terdiri dari 3 Filum, 5 Kelas, 13 Bangsa, 21 Suku, dan 23 Marga. Indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos dari Stasiun I (hulu), Stasiun II (tengah) dan Stasiun III (hilir) yaitu 2,43; 2,06; dan 1,77. Kualitas air Sungai Ranoyapo di Stasiun I dan di Stasiun II telah tercemar ringan dengan indeks H': 2,0 – 3,0 (H'>2). Kualitas air Sungai Ranoyapo di Stasiun III telah tercemar sedang dengan indeks H' sekitar 1,0 – 2,0 (H' 2.0) and at down was moderately polluted with index H ': 1.0 to 2.0 (H' <2)
Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Riparian di Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan-Sulawesi Utara
KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI RIPARIAN DI SUNGAI TEWALEN, MINAHASA SELATAN - SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAK Vegatasi riparian merupakan sumberdaya alam yang mudah terganggu akibat aktivitas manusia misalnya konversi riaria menjadi lahan permukiman, pertanian dan industri. Vegetasi riparian dapat berfungsi mempertahankan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan - Sulawesi Utara. Metode purposive digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi dan pengelompokan berdasarkan kriteria pertumbuhan untuk memperoleh data kekayaan jenis dan kelimpahan. Sebanyak 3 stasiun penelitian ditentukan yaitu hulu, tengah dan hilir. Tiga ulangan dilakukan di tiap stasiun. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon - Wienner (H\u27), Indeks Kemerataan dan Indeks Kesamaan Jenis Sorensen. Kekayaan jenis egetasi riparian sebanyak lima puluh enam (56) jenis yeng termasuk dalam tiga puluh (30) suku. Tiga (3) suku terbesar yaitu Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) dan Araceae (11%). Keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian pada tingkat rumput hingga pohon di lokasi penelitian termasuk sedang (H\u27 1≤ H ≤ 3). Vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen secara umum memiliki tingkat kemerataan yang tinggi yaitu mendekati 1 yang menunjukkan jumlah individu masing-masing jenis sama atau tidak jauh berbeda. Kesamaan jenis antar stasiun penelitian rendah yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaaan komunitas vegetasi riparian antar stasiun. Kata kunci: Vegetasi riparian, Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara RIPARIAN VEGETATION DIVERSITY OF TEWALEN RIVER,SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY- NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation is natural resource easily disturbed by human activities such as conversion of riparia to be settlement, agriculture and industry areas. Riparian vegetation serves to maintain water quality. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of riparian vegetation of Tewalen River, South Minahasa - North Sulawesi. Purposive sampling method was used to determine the locations and grouping based on growth criteria to obtain data on species richness and abundance. Three (3) research locations were determined that were up, mid and downstream parts. Three replications were applied at each location. Data were analyzed descriptively based on species diversity index Shannon - Wienner (H \u27), Evenness Index and Sorensen Similarity Index. Species richness of riparian vegetation were fifty-six (56) species were grouped into thirty (30) families. The biggest families were Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) and Araceae (11%). Riparian vegetation diversity from grass to trees were moderate (H \u271≤ H ≤ 3). Generally, riparian vegetation of Tewalen River had high evenness (close to 1) that showed the number of individuals of each species were same or not different. The low index of species similarity between stations showed the differences riparian vegetation communities between stations
Kelimpahan Serangga Air Di Sungai Toraut Sulawesi Utara
Serangga air merupakan kelompok Arthropoda yang dapat dijumpai hampir pada jenis perairan misalnya pada habitat lentik atau lotik. Seranggan air dalam suatu ekosistem berperan penting dalam rantai makanan selain itu juga serangga air dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator terhadap penentuan kualitas suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan serangga air yang terdapat di Sungai Toraut. Lokai penelitian terletak pada Sub DAS dari DAS Dumoga Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara. Sungai ini memiliki luas sekitar 249 km2 dan hulunya terletak di Taman Nasional Bogani Nani Wartabone (TNBNW). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan menggunakan alat surber sampler. Total individu yang didapatkan dari 3 stasiun sebanyak 1497 individu dengan jumlah famili sebanyak 24 yang terdiri dari 27 spesies. Spesies serangga air yang paling banyak ditemukan pada stasiun satu, sedangkan yang sedikit pada stasiun 3. Kelimpahan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Hydropsyche sp.Arthropods is a group of aquatic insects that can be found in almost all types of aquatic habitats for example lentic or lotic habitat. In the field of ecology, aquatic insects plays a role in the food chain, moreover the aquatic insects can be used as bioindicator to determine the quality of water. This study aims to analyze the abundance of aquatic insects found in the Toraut River. This study lies in the sub-watershed from the watershed of Dumoga Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi. This river has an area of approximately 249 km2 and its located in the headwaters of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. The method used in this study is purposive random sampling method by using a sampler surber. Total individuals were obtained from 3 stations are 1497 individuals with total 24 families consisting of 27 species. The most commonly species of aquatic insects found at station 1, whereas slightly at station 3. The most commonly species of aquatic insects found is Hydropsyche sp
Makrozoobentos Sebagai Indikator Biologis Dalam Menentukan Kualitas Air Sungai Suhuyon Sulawesi Utara
Makrozoobentos dapat digunakan sebagai parameter biologis dalam menentukan kualitas sungai karena hidupnya relatif diam di dasar sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas air Sungai Suhuyon Sulawesi Utara berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos. Penelitian dilakukan pada musim panas yaitu bulan Mei sampai Juni 2015. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan dari bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai dengan 3 ulangan di setiap lokasi. Kualitas air Sungai Suhuyon ditentukan berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos Shannon Wiener (H\u27) menurut kriteria Wilhm (1975). Makrozoobentos di Sungai Suhuyon terdiri dari 3 Filum, 4 Kelas, 10 Bangsa, 21 Suku dan 22 Marga. Kualitas air Sungai Suhuyon Sulawesi Utara berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman termasuk dalam kategori tercemar sedang (H\u27=2,45).Macrozoobenthos can be used as a biological parameter in determining water quality of the river because they relatively stick on the riverbed. This study aims to determine water quality of Suhuyon river in North Sulawesi based on macrozoobenthos biodiversity index. The study was conducted during dry season, from May to June 2015. Three locations chosen for this study were the upstream, midstream and downstream part of the river, with 3 replications in each location. The quality of Suhuyon river was determined by Shannon Wiener biodiversity index (H\u27) of macrozoobenthos using classification of Wilhm (1975). Macrozoobenthos in Suhuyon river consisted of 3 Phylum, 4 Classes, 10 Orders, 21 Families and 22 Genus. Based on biodiversity index, water quality of Suhuyon River is categorized into moderately polluted (H\u27=2.45)
Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE
detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in
the pseudo-rapidity range are presented as a function of the
collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse
momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative
to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy
dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new
insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal
correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published
version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286
A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE
In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward
Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically
in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem
is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the
control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains
conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 5.0 GeV/ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
Transverse sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at , 2.76 and 7 TeV
Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias
proton--proton collisions at , 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE
detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is linearized to be collinear
safe and is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using
primary charged tracks with GeV/c in . The
mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at
mid-rapidity () is reported for events with different
scales ("soft" and "hard") defined by the transverse momentum of the leading
particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus
multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity
distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with
calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse
sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a
steeper rise at low , whereas the event generators show the
opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators
produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets
resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with
tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data,
compared to the other tested generators.Comment: 21 pages, 9 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 16,
published version, figures from
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/308
Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged
particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the
question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal
correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the
larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the
second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity,
characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions.
However, when a gap is placed to suppress such correlations,
the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the
presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the
p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic
four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values
when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of
to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at
similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also
found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find
which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian
function for the distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb
collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become
consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and
Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping
multiplicities, when a gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20,
published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87
Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
The inclusive transverse momentum () distributions of primary
charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range as a
function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at
TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the range
GeV/ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%.
The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor
using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision
energy. We observe that the suppression of high- particles strongly
depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most
suppressed with at -7 GeV/. Above
GeV/, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification
factor, which reaches for GeV/. In
peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with almost independently of . The measured nuclear
modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284
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