Commercialisation des pintades dans la region des savanes au Nord du Togo : entre circuit court et circuit long

En Afrique subsaharienne, l’élevage de volaille est très répandu et joue un rôle important dans la satisfaction des besoins alimentaires, culturels et économiques pour des millions de petits producteurs. Au Togo et plus précisément dans la Région des Savanes, l’élevage des pintades occupe une place capitale dans la vie économique des paysans à travers sa commercialisation. Ce travail vise à étudier le système de commercialisation de ces volailles dans cet espace géographique du Togo. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des enquêtes ont été menées auprès des paysans-éleveurs et des commerçants de volailles opérant sur les principaux marchés de la région. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent que le commerce des pintades passe par deux types de circuits à savoir un circuit court et un circuit long. Dans les deux cas de figure, il met en jeu différentes catégories d’acteurs qui interviennent dans l’activité et jouent un rôle principal dans la collecte, le transport et la commercialisation des pintades des marchés ruraux vers les centres urbains de la région.Mots clés : Commercialisation, circuit court, circuit long, pintade, Région des Savanes

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ethiopian medicinal plants: a systematic review

Background: Podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis are the most common causes of lower limb lymphoedema in the tropics. Many sufferers experience frequent painful episodes of acute bacterial infection. Plant based traditional medicines are used to treat infections in many countries and are culturally established in Ethiopia. Ethiopian medicinal plants found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities were reviewed with the aim of increasing information about the treatment of wound infections in patients with lymphoedema. Methods: This study collates data from published articles on medicinal plants with antibacterial and antifungal activities in Ethiopia. A systematic search of Scopus, EMBASE, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019127471. All controlled studies of in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were considered. All articles containing the descriptors published until June 28, 2019 were included. The outcome was measured as percent inhibition of microbial growth. For quality assessment of individual in vitro studies, OECD guidelines and the WHO-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) handbook were used. Results: Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 150 plant species and three compounds had been tested against 42 species of bacteria, while 43 plant species had been tested against 22 species of fungus. Conclusion: Materials derived from several Ethiopian medicinal plants have been shown to have promising activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi. Those derived from Azadiractha indica A. Juss. and Lawsonia inerms L. are the most extensively studied against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacteria, and fungal species