Temperature of spring water in Polonina Wetlinska massif

The temperature of spring water reflects recharge condition, depth, and circulation time of supplying with ground water. The aim of the study was to characterize spring water temperature in Polonina Wetlinska massif and to determine the factors controlling its spatial diversity and seasonal changes. The data from field mapping in 2010 and 2011 were used along with data collected in 2012-14 by automatic data logger. Neither regularity in spatial diversity of spring water temperature was identified nor was relation with elevation and slope exposition. On the other hand a dependency between spring water temperature and type of outflow (rheocrene/bog springs) was observed, which was controlled by the heating process of groundwater in spring niche. The same mechanism controlled the higher temperature of water in springs of low discharge than observed in the most abundant ones. The temperature of monitored spring were stable throughout the year - the annual amplitude did not exceed 2^{\circ}C. Two types of thermal regime were identified

Myosin VI contributes to synaptic transmission and development at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction

Abstract Background Myosin VI, encoded by jaguar (jar) in Drosophila melanogaster, is a unique member of the myosin superfamily of actin-based motor proteins. Myosin VI is the only myosin known to move towards the minus or pointed ends of actin filaments. Although Myosin VI has been implicated in numerous cellular processes as both an anchor and a transporter, little is known about the role of Myosin VI in the nervous system. We previously recovered jar in a screen for genes that modify neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development and here we report on the genetic analysis of Myosin VI in synaptic development and function using loss of function jar alleles. Results Our experiments on Drosophila third instar larvae revealed decreased locomotor activity, a decrease in NMJ length, a reduction in synaptic bouton number, and altered synaptic vesicle localization in jar mutants. Furthermore, our studies of synaptic transmission revealed alterations in both basal synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity at the jar mutant neuromuscular synapse. Conclusions Altogether these findings indicate that Myosin VI is important for proper synaptic function and morphology. Myosin VI may be functioning as an anchor to tether vesicles to the bouton periphery and, thereby, participating in the regulation of synaptic vesicle mobilization during synaptic transmission

Immunomodulation of Skin Repair: Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Skin Replacement (A Comprehensive Review)

The immune system has a crucial role in skin wound healing and the application of specific cell-laden immunomodulating biomaterials emerged as a possible treatment option to drive skin tissue regeneration. Cell-laden tissue-engineered skin substitutes have the ability to activate immune pathways, even in the absence of other immune-stimulating signals. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells with their immunomodulatory properties can create a specific immune microenvironment to reduce inflammation, scarring, and support skin regeneration. This review presents an overview of current wound care techniques including skin tissue engineering and biomaterials as a novel and promising approach. We highlight the plasticity and different roles of immune cells, in particular macrophages during various stages of skin wound healing. These aspects are pivotal to promote the regeneration of nonhealing wounds such as ulcers in diabetic patients. We believe that a better understanding of the intrinsic immunomodulatory features of stem cells in implantable skin substitutes will lead to new translational opportunities. This, in turn, will improve skin tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Keywords: biomaterials; chronic wounds; immunomodulation; intrinsic immune cell signals; regenerative medicine; skin substitutes; skin tissue engineering; wound healing

The storage capacity of groundwater reservoirs in the High Bieszczady Mountains (SE Poland)

W pracy podjęto próbę oceny zasobności zbiorników wód podziemnych strefy aktywnej wymiany w subzlewniach Sanu w Bieszczadach Wysokich. W tym celu dokonano analizy wyznaczonych graficznie recesyjnych odcinków hydrogramów odpływu w trzech profilach wodowskazowych w Zatwarnicy (San), Dwerniku (San) i Stuposianach (Wołosaty) w latach 2005-2015. Dla każdego odcinka obliczono współczynnik recesji (\alpha ) informujący o tempie sczerpywania zasobów oraz maksymalny potencjał zasobności zbiorników (W_{max}), a także wyznaczono wzorcowe krzywe wysychania w badanych subzlewniach. Tempo sczerpywania zbiorników wodonośnych było wyrażone wartościami \alpha rzędu 10^{-2}. We wszystkich zlewniach przeciętne wartości \alpha i W_{max} były wyższe w półroczu zimowym niż w letnim. Kształt krzywych recesji wskazywał, że drenowanie zbiorników odbywało się w dwóch fazach: pierwszej, szybszej, o prawdopodobnie znaczącym udziale odpływu śródpokrywowego, oraz drugiej, wolniejszej, obejmującej tylko zasoby wód podziemnych. Subzlewnie Sanu, których obszar zbudowany jest w przewadze z warstw krośnieńskich jednostki śląskiej (Zatwarnica i Dwernik), wykazują podobne wartości W_{max} (Me: 14-21 mm), natomiast w wyżej położonej zlewni Wołosatego (Stuposiany), na obszarze której nasunięcie jednostki dukielskiej może mieć duży wpływ na miąższość strefy przepuszczalnej, W_{max} miało wyższe wartości (Me: 20-32 mm)

Differential expression of granulocyte, macrophage, and hypoxia markers during early and late wound healing stages following transplantation of tissue-engineered skin substitutes of human origin

PURPOSE Human pigmented tissue-engineered skin substitutes represent an advanced therapeutic option to treat skin defects. The inflammatory response is one of the major factors determining integration and long-term survival of such a graft in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of host-derived macrophage and granulocyte graft infiltration as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-alpha) expression in a (nu/nu) rat model. METHODS Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts derived from human skin biopsies were isolated, cultured, and expanded in vitro. Dermal fibroblasts were seeded into collagen type I hydrogels that were subsequently covered by keratinocytes and melanocytes in 5:1 ratio. These pigmented dermo-epidermal skin substitutes were transplanted onto full-thickness skin wounds on the back of immuno-incompetent rats and analyzed at early (1 and 3 weeks) and late (6 and 12 weeks) stages of wound healing. The expression of distinct inflammatory cell markers specific for granulocytes (HIS48) or macrophages (CD11b, CD68), as well as HIF-1-alpha were analyzed and quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that granulocytes infiltrate the entire graft at 1 week post-transplantation. This was followed by monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the graft at 3-12 weeks. The macrophages were initially restricted to the borders of the graft (early stages), and were then found throughout the entire graft (late stages). We observed a time-dependent decrease of macrophages. Only a few graft-infiltrating granulocytes were found between 6-12 weeks, mostly at the graft borders. A heterogeneous expression of HIF-1-alpha was observed at both early and late wound healing stages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the spatiotemporal distribution of inflammatory cells in our transplants closely resembles the one documented for physiological wound healing

Chemical composition of spring water in the Polonina Wetlinska massif

The aim of the study was to determine chemical composition of spring water in the Polonina Wetlinska massif (High Bieszczady Mountains) and to identify the natural factors controlling spatial variability of groundwater chemistry. Thirty five spring water samples were collected in September 2017. The spring water was characterized by similar, weak alkaline pH (6.8-8.1) and a relatively wide range of ions concentration (57-208 mg·dm^{-3}). Strong, positive correlation was showed between specific conductivity (SC) and main ions: {HCO_{3}}^{-}, Ca^{2+}, {SO_{4}}^{2}, Mg^{2+}, which shaped the water chemistry most likely due to dissolution of bedrock. K^{+}, Cl^{-}, {NO_{3}}^{-} showed weak or no correlation with SC. The origin of nutrients in the groundwater might have been connected with organic matter conversion into inorganic substance. Two groups of springs were distinguished: 1^{st} group with lower SC and lower concentration of main ions and 2^{nd} group with relatively higher SC. Springs with the lower SC are located on the NE slope of the Polonina Wetlinska, where flysch layers dip towards the same direction as the slope. These conditions promote relatively fast water flow and short residence time within aquifer. On the contrary, discordance of flysch layers dip and slope exposure may cause the relatively longer contact of groundwater with a bedrock and enrichment water with the geogenic ions

Differential expression of granulocyte, macrophage, and hypoxia markers during early and late wound healing stages following transplantation of tissue-engineered skin substitutes of human origin

Purpose: Human pigmented tissue-engineered skin substitutes represent an advanced therapeutic option to treat skin defects. The inflammatory response is one of the major factors determining integration and long-term survival of such a graft in vivo. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of host-derived macrophage and granulocyte graft infiltration as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1-alpha) expression in a (nu/nu) rat model. Methods: Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts derived from human skin biopsies were isolated, cultured, and expanded in vitro. Dermal fibroblasts were seeded into collagen type I hydrogels that were subsequently covered by keratinocytes and melanocytes in 5:1 ratio. These pigmented dermo-epidermal skin substitutes were transplanted onto full-thickness skin wounds on the back of immuno-incompetent rats and analyzed at early (1 and 3weeks) and late (6 and 12weeks) stages of wound healing. The expression of distinct inflammatory cell markers specific for granulocytes (HIS48) or macrophages (CD11b, CD68), as well as HIF-1-alpha were analyzed and quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Our data demonstrate that granulocytes infiltrate the entire graft at 1week post-transplantation. This was followed by monocyte/macrophage recruitment to the graft at 3-12weeks. The macrophages were initially restricted to the borders of the graft (early stages), and were then found throughout the entire graft (late stages). We observed a time-dependent decrease of macrophages. Only a few graft-infiltrating granulocytes were found between 6-12weeks, mostly at the graft borders. A heterogeneous expression of HIF-1-alpha was observed at both early and late wound healing stages. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the spatiotemporal distribution of inflammatory cells in our transplants closely resembles the one documented for physiological wound healing

Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 first half-module

F. Arneodo, B. Bade"ek, A. Badertscher, B. Baiboussinov, M. Baldo Ceolin, G. Battistoni, B. Bekman, P. Benetti, E. Bernardini, M. Bischofberger, A. Borio di Tigliole, R. Brunetti, A. Bueno, E. Calligarich, M. Campanelli, C. Carpanese, D. Cavalli, F. Cavanna, P. Cennini, S. Centro, A. Cesana, C. Chen, D. Chen, D.B. Chen, Y. Chen, D. Cline, Z. Dai, C. De Vecchi, A. Dabrowska, R. Dolfini*, M. Felcini, A. Ferrari, F. Ferri, Y. Ge, A. Gigli Berzolari, I. Gil-Botella, K. Graczyk, L. Grandi, K. He, J. Holeczek, X. Huang, C. Juszczak, D. Kie"czewska, J. Kisiel, T. Koz"owski, H. Kuna-Ciska", M. Laffranchi, J. Łagoda, Z. Li, F. Lu, J. Ma, M. Markiewicz, A. Martinez de la Ossa, C. Matthey, F. Mauri, D. Mazza, G. Meng, M. Messina, C. Montanari, S. Muraro, S. Navas-Concha, M. Nicoletto, G. Nurzia, S. Otwinowski, Q. Ouyang, O. Palamara, D. Pascoli, L. Periale, G. Piano Mortari, A. Piazzoli, P. Picchi, F. Pietropaolo, W. P ! o"ch"opek, T. Rancati, A. Rappoldi, G.L. Raselli, J. Rico, E. Rondio, M. Rossella, A. Rubbia, C. Rubbia, P. Sala, D. Scannicchio, E. Segreto, F. Sergiampietri, J. Sobczyk, J. Stepaniak, M. Szeptycka, M. Szleper, M. Szarska, M. Terrani, S. Ventura, C. Vignoli, H. Wang, M. W ! ojcik, J. Woo, G. Xu, Z. Xu, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, S. Zhen, W. Zipper a INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, s.s. 17bis Km 18+910, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy b Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, Warszawa, Poland c Institute for Particle Physics, ETH H . onggerberg, Z . urich, Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN, Universit " a di Padova, via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN, Universit " a di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy f Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN, Universit " a di Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy Dpto de F!isica Te ! orica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., Universidad de Granada, Avda. Severo Ochoa s/n, Granada, Spain Dipartimento di Fisica e INFN, Universit " a dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, L'Aquila, Italy CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Politecnico di Milano (CESNEF), Universit " a di Milano, via Ponzio 34/3, Milano, Ital

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe