THE HETEROLOGIC INDUCTION OF THE EXPRESSION OF THE YEAST TuI-ELEMENT AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USE OF THE TRANSPOSON-CARRYING VIRUS-SIMILAR PARTICLES FOR THE TRANSFER IN THE YEAST FOREIGN GENES

The purpose of the work: studying the expression of the Drosophila retrotransposons in the yeast cells and heterologic activation of the yeast transposon TuI expression, the search for the possible mechanisms of this activation and investigation of possibilities of the packaging of the luciferase heterologic gene into the virus-similar particles, to be formed by TuI. The three investigated retransposons of Drosophila, having a different structure and consequence, induce the formation of the virus-simular particles, containing the TuI-element, not depending on the yeast promotor type, directing its expression, in the cells of the yeast. The heterologic induction of the particles formation is the results of the Drosophila transposons expression. For the first time, the activation of the TuI transposition cycle has been shown in the yeast cells, expressing the reverse transcriptase of the man's immune deficiency virus. It has been shown, that the gene of the firefly luciferase, being cloned for start ORCII TuI, is being expressed in the yeast, at this, the activity of luciferase is associated withthe virus-similar particlesAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Introduction to Autophagy

Autophagy plays a direct or indirect role in health and disease. A simplified definition of autophagy is that it is an exceedingly complex process which degrades modified, superfluous (surplus) or damaged cellular macromolecules and whole organelles using hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes. It consists of sequential steps of induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosome precursor, formation of autophagosome, fusion between autophagosome and lysosome, degradation of cargo contents, efflux transportation of degraded products to the cytoplasm, and lysosome reformation.This chapter discusses specific functions of autophagy, the process of autophagy, major types of autophagy, influences on autophagy, and the role of autophagy in disease, immunity, and defense

Introduction to Autophagy

Autophagy plays a direct or indirect role in health and disease. A simplified definition of autophagy is that it is an exceedingly complex process which degrades modified, superfluous (surplus) or damaged cellular macromolecules and whole organelles using hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes. It consists of sequential steps of induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosome precursor, formation of autophagosomes, fusion between autophagosome and lysosome, degradation of cargo contents, efflux transportation of degraded products to the cytoplasm, and lysosome reformation.This chapter discusses specific functions of autophagy, the process of autophagy, major types of autophagy, influences on autophagy, and the role of autophagy in disease, immunity, and defense

Overview of Autophagy

Autophagy plays a direct or indirect role in health and disease. A simplifi ed defi nition of autophagy is that it is an exceedingly complex process which degrades modified, superfluous (surplus), or damaged ­cellular macromolecules and whole organelles using hydrolytic enzymes in the lysosomes. It consists of sequential steps of induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosome precursor, formation of ­autophagosomes, fusion between autophagosome and lysosome, degradation of cargo contents, efflux transportation of degraded products to the cytoplasm, and lysosome reformation. This chapter discusses specific functions of autophagy, the process of autophagy, major types of autophagy, influences on autophagy, and the role of autophagy in disease, immunity, and defense