O ensino médio integrado na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica

This article proposes to reflect on the relations between historical-critical pedagogy in line with the perspective of integrated secondary education. Integrated Secondary Education assumes an integrated training perspective based on the founding categories of omnilaterality, polytechnics and the integrated dimensions of each other (work, science, technology and culture). For the professional and technological education in Brazil presents in its historical context the duality between education directed to the activities of the intellectuality and those around the manual activities directed to the making of the worker, socially discredited. It is the classic division between general, propaedeutic and vocational training. Thus, it aims to discuss the pedagogical contributions of historical-critical pedagogy in the context of integrated secondary education with a view to integrated training. For that, a bibliographic study was started associating the assumptions of the referred pedagogy to the object of study of the research that is the Integrated High School to Professional and Technological Education, using as theoretical base Mizukami (1986) Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002) Santos (2005), Ramos (2008) Saviani (2011) Araújo and Frigotto (2015), among others. The study revealed that, although there is not only a possible tendency to achieve the objectives of the integrated secondary education, the historical-critical progressive tendency, whose philosophical basis is historical dialectical materialism and Vygostski’s historical cultural theory is one of the main theories regarding the pedagogical practices in the context of integrated secondary education to recommend the commitment to social transformation and integrated training of students.Este artigo propõe refletir sobre a pedagogia histórico-crítica em consonância com a perspectiva do Ensino Médio Integrado. O Ensino Médio Integrado assume uma perspectiva de formação integrada a partir das categorias fundantes da omnilateralidade e politecnia e as dimensões integradas entre si (trabalho, ciência, tecnologia e cultura). A educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil apresenta em seu contexto histórico a dualidade entre educação voltada para as atividades da intelectualidade e as em torno das atividades manuais direcionadas ao fazer do trabalhador, desprestigiado socialmente. É a divisão clássica entre a formação geral, propedêutica, e a profissionalizante. Assim, objetiva-se discutir as contribuições pedagógicas da pedagogia histórico-crítica no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado com vista a formação integrada. Para tanto, partiu-se de um estudo bibliográfico associando os pressupostos da referida pedagogia ao objeto de estudo da pesquisa que é o Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, utilizando-se como base teórica Mizukami (1986), Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002), Santos (2005), Ramos (2008), Saviani (2011a), Araújo e Frigotto (2015), dentre outros. O estudo revelou que, embora não exista apenas uma tendência possível buscando atingir os objetivos do Ensino Médio Integrado, a tendência progressista histórico-crítica, cuja base filosófica é o materialismo histórico-dialético e a teoria histórico-cultural de Vygostski, consiste em uma das principais teorias no tocante as práticas pedagógicas no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado ao preconizar o compromisso com a transformação social e a formação integrada dos estudantes

Lactoperoxidase enzyme activity and thiocyanate levels in raw milk of Girolando cows

Considering the importance of milk enzymes in milk preservation and animal protection, this study aimed to identify the factors that influence lactoperoxidase activity and levels of thiocyanate in raw milk of Girolando cows, as well as to verify the correlation between these components and the number of somatic cells in cooled raw milk. A total of 181 of milk samples from Girolando cows were used to determine the lactoperoxidase activity, thiocyanate levels, somatic cell number, and serum protein content. The genetic group and the sampling period influenced lactoperoxidase activity. Thiocyanate levels were influenced by the sampling period and by the interaction between the genetic group and the sampling period. The number of somatic cells was influenced by the number of days in lactation, animal age, and sampling period. Milk of animals from the group 1/2 Holstein x Gyr had the highest lactoperoxidase activity and there was no influence of the genetic group on the levels of thiocyanate

Predominance of Blastocystis spp, entamoeba histolytica /e.dispar and other protozoan evaluated through classical and molecular diagnostic techniques in two communities of Niterói-rj/Brazil. / Predominância de Blastocystis spp, entamoeba histolytica /e.dispar e outros protozoários avaliados através de técnicas de diagnóstico clássico e molecular em duas comunidades de Niterói-rj/Brazil

Background: Enteroparasites infections remains an important  health issue in Brazil as contaminations are still detected among inhabitants of socially vulnerable populations of the country. This study was performed in two low income communities in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Methods: Health educational actions in two selected communities were performed and in parallel, 150 stool samples were collected. Coproparasitological diagnosis was carried out employing Hoffmann, Pons & Janer , Willis and Rugai  techniques 5,6,7. Molecular diagnosis using Paglia & Visca protocol was performed to detect and differentiate E. histolytica/E.dispar infections 8. Results: Enteroparasites were found in more than 50% of the samples and protozoan infections prevailed. Blastocystis spp was the most prevalent protozoan (55.08%) followed by Endolimax nana (16.10%), Giardia lamblia (15.56%) and Entamoeba coli (11.02%). For helminth species, only Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis were found, in 4.24% of positive samples. All samples were negative for E.histolytica/E. dispar infections through coproscopy, however, PCR analysis of 143 suitable stool samples showed that both species were present - as a complex or not - in 15% of the samples, in both institutions evaluated. Conclusions: The high frequency of protozoan infections may indicate extensive faecal-oral contamination. Additionally, it can ensure the basis for directed intervention actions in some communities to prevent water transmitted parasites providing sanitary infrastructure. Also, educational health programs for inhabitants of low income communities of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, are necessary in order to provide a better understanding of enteroparasites and its prophylatic measures.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Análise da tendência da mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil no século XXI

FUNDAMENTO: Embora seja mundialmente a segunda principal causa de óbitos, o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) vem apresentando uma importante redução das taxas de mortalidade nas últimas décadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral no Brasil, em ambos os sexos, a partir dos 30 anos de idade, entre 2000 e 2009. MÉTODOS: Os dados populacionais foram obtidos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e os óbitos, por meio do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério da Saúde, sendo incluídos os códigos I60 a I69 de acordo com a 10ª Classificação Internacional de Doenças. Foi calculada a incidência de óbitos/1.000 habitantes, as taxas de mortalidade bruta e padronizada/100.000 habitantes. A modelagem da tendência das taxas foi feita com modelos de regressão. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um aumento na incidência de óbitos até 2006, seguindo-se um declínio até 2009, quando ocorreu a incidência mínima. Comparando os anos 2000 e 2009, nota-se uma tendência de queda da taxa de mortalidade padronizada em ambos os sexos (masculino = -14,69%; feminino = -17%) e no total (-14,99%), com oscilações no período. Entre 30 e 49 anos em ambos os sexos, houve uma tendência de redução contínua e linear da taxa de mortalidade, enquanto os demais grupos etários apresentaram uma função curvilínea, culminando com uma efetiva diminuição dos valores. CONCLUSÃO: Houve uma tendência de queda na taxa de mortalidade em todas as faixas etárias e em ambos os sexos. A redução da taxa de mortalidade bruta foi mais acentuada no sexo masculino, enquanto a taxa de mortalidade padronizada mostrou uma maior redução no sexo feminino

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática. Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved