Urban Mobility Analysis of the City of Ijuí/RS Enabling Sustainable Development

A utilização de transportes que sejam capazes de proporcionar agilidade para o cenário atual das cidades, e que possuam um impacto menos expressivo no meio ambiente se tornou indispensável, pois os meios de transporte são, sem dúvida, um dos maiores agentes poluidores do planeta. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar os veículos sustentáveis, mais especificamente bicicletas elétricas, como uma solução alternativa para reduzir a emissão de poluentes na cidade de Ijuí/RS. Para isso, é realizada a análise de modelos que apresenta os resultados da implantação de veículos sustentáveis, sendo a metodologia baseada em levantamentos quantitativos, segundo dados do IBGE, acerca da frota de veículos do município, bem como cálculos de emissão de poluentes que comparam os veículos tradicionais aos elétricos. A partir disso conclui-se que com a utilização parcial ou total dos veículos elétricos, a emissão de poluentes é reduzida de forma significativa, contribuindo para a urbanização sustentável da cidade.The adoption of transport that is capable of providing agility to the current scenario of cities and that has a less expressive impact on the environment is indispensable, because the means of transportation are, without a doubt, one of the greatest polluting agents on the planet. In this sense, the present study aims to present sustainable vehicles, more specifically electric bicycles, as an alternative solution to reduce the emission of pollutants in the city of Ijuí / RS. For this, is performed a models analysis which presents the results of the implantation of sustainable vehicles, the methodology was based on quantitative surveys, according to IBGE data, about the municipality's vehicle fleet, as well as pollutant emission calculations that compare the traditional to electric vehicles. From that it is concluded that with the partial or total adoption of electric vehicles, the emission of pollutants is significantly reduced, contributing to the sustainable urbanization of the city

Trajetórias assistenciais de pessoas com doença renal crônica: desafios para a Atenção Básica

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered a Public Health problem, susceptible to prevention and diagnosis in Primary Care. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HTN) are the main causes of CKD, which implies the importance of its management in the Health Care Network (HCN). Objective: To evaluate the assistancial pathways adopted by people with CKD in HCN from the perspective of users and their families. Methodology: Qualitative research that used semi-structured interviews that aimed people with CKD due to DM and/or HTN and their families. Content analysis was performed in thematic mode. Results: 11 users and 11 family members were interviewed, and three assistancial pathways were identified: Did not seek Basic Health Units (BHU); Went to BHU but did not receive the diagnosis; Were diagnosed at BHU and then referred to specialists. Users and family members did not linked Primary Care as a place of care of CKD, it being restricted to Specialized Care.Introdução: A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é considerada um problema de Saúde Pública, passível de prevenção e diagnóstico na Atenção Básica. Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial (HAS) são as principais causas de DRC, o que implica a importância do seu manejo na Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Objetivo: Avaliar trajetórias assistenciais percorridas por pessoas com DRC na RAS sob a ótica de usuários e familiares. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas portadoras de DRC por DM e/ou HAS e seus familiares. Realizada Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 11 usuários e 11 familiares, e identificadas três trajetórias assistenciais: Não procurou a UBS; Procurou a UBS, mas não recebeu o diagnóstico; recebeu diagnóstico na UBS e foi encaminhado para especialistas. Usuários e familiares não perceberam a Atenção Básica como lugar de cuidado para a DRC

Assistência pré-natal segundo registros profissionais presentes na caderneta da gestante

Objective: to describe the prenatal care according to the professional records present in the pregnant's book. Method: a quantitative study carried out with puerperal women of a philanthropic maternity located in a municipality in the interior of the State of Ceará. The sociodemographic data were collected in an interview and prenatal information through the pregnant's book. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: 52 women between 15 and 40 years old participated of study. There were flaws in the recording of information, the most serious being related to laboratory tests and nutritional evaluation of the pregnant woman. Final Considerations: a change in professional conduct is necessary, through qualification about prenatal care and frequent follow-up by the municipal health managers, since by recording the information obtained during the consultation it is possible to carry out adequate follow-up during childbirth and puerperium.Objetivo: describir la asistencia prenatal según registros profesionales presentes en la caderneta de la gestante. Método: estudio cuantitativo, realizado con puérperas de una maternidad filantrópica ubicada en un municipio del interior de Ceará. Los datos sociodemográficos fueron recolectados en entrevista y las informaciones del prenatal por medio de la caderneta de la gestante. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: participaron 52 puérperas entre 15 y 40 años. Se observaron fallas en el registro de información, siendo las más graves relacionadas con los exámenes de laboratorio y la evaluación nutricional de la gestante. Consideraciones finales: se hace necesario un cambio en la conducta profesional, por medio de cualificación acerca de la asistencia prenatal y acompañamiento frecuente por parte de los gestores municipales de salud, pues por medio del registro de las informaciones obtenidas durante la consulta es posible realizar un seguimiento adecuado durante el parto y el puerperio.Objetivo: descrever a assistência pré-natal segundo registros profissionais presentes na caderneta da gestante. Método: estudo quantitativo, realizado com puérperas de uma maternidade filantrópica, localizada em um município do interior do Estado do Ceará. Os dados sociodemográficos foram coletados em entrevista e as informações do pré-natal por meio da caderneta da gestante. Os dados foram analisados com base na estatística descritiva. Resultados: participaram 52 puérperas que possuíam de 15 a 40 anos. Observaram-se falhas no registro de informações do pré-natal, sendo as mais graves no que diz respeito aos exames laboratoriais e à avaliação nutricional da gestante. Considerações Finais: faz-se necessário uma mudança na conduta dos profissionais, por meio de qualificação acerca da assistência pré-natal e acompanhamento frequente por parte dos gestores de saúde do município, pois por meio do registro correto das informações obtidas durante a consulta é possível realizar acompanhamento adequado durante o parto e puerpério

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

As particularidades clínicas da otite média: Clinical features of otitis media

A otite média é um processo inflamatório de evolução abrupta, acompanhado pelo quadro clínico típico de inflamação na orelha média, sendo sua incidência prevalente em crianças, culminando em leves repercussões clínicas, mas que deve ser adequadamente diagnosticada e tratada. Este evento clínico pode ser agudo, subagudo ou crônico com aparições típicas, evolução e manejo clínico diferenciados. O seguinte artigo é uma revisão narrativa de literatura que visa analisar a respeito das principais particularidades clínicas da Otite Média. Diante das informações coletadas, pode se elucidar que a otite média é o fator causal para implicações negativas e antibioticoterapia em crianças, logo é essencial medidas para diagnose precoce para evitar repercussões na saúde destes

Genomics and epidemiology for gastric adenocarcinomas (GE4GAC): a Brazilian initiative to study gastric cancer

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries