61 research outputs found
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) Form an Interconnected Cellular Supportive Network in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
BACKGROUND: A relationship between the increased density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and decreased survival was recently reported in thyroid cancer patients. Among these tumors, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive solid tumors in humans. TAMs (type M2) have been recognized as promoting tumor growth. The purpose of our study was to analyze with immunohistochemistry the presence of TAMs in a series of 27 ATC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Several macrophages markers such as NADPH oxidase complex NOX2-p22phox, CD163 and CD 68 were used. Immunostainings showed that TAMs represent more than 50% of nucleated cells in all ATCs. Moreover, these markers allowed the identification of elongated thin ramified cytoplasmic extensions, bestowing a "microglia-like" appearance on these cells which we termed "Ramified TAMs" (RTAMs). In contrast, cancer cells were totally negative. Cellular stroma was highly simplified since apart from cancer cells and blood vessels, RTAMs were the only other cellular component. RTAMs were evenly distributed and intermingled with cancer cells, and were in direct contact with other RTAMs via their ramifications. Moreover, RTAMs displayed strong immunostaining for connexin Cx43. Long chains of interconnected RTAMs arose from perivascular clusters and were dispersed within the tumor parenchyma. When expressed, the glucose transporter Glut1 was found in RTAMs and blood vessels, but rarely in cancer cells. CONCLUSION: ATCs display a very dense network of interconnected RTAMs in direct contact with intermingled cancer cells. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a network is described in a malignant tumor. This network was found in all our studied cases and appeared specific to ATC, since it was not found in differentiated thyroid cancers specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that RTAMs network is directly related to the aggressiveness of the disease via metabolic and trophic functions which remain to be determined
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Observation of the Λb0→χc1 (3872) pK<sup>−</sup> decay
Using proton-proton collision data, collected with the LHCb detector and
corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.9fb of integrated luminosity at the
centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively, the decay
with is
observed for the first time. The significance of the observed signal is in
excess of seven standard deviations. It is found that of the
decays proceed via the two-body intermediate state
. The~branching fraction with respect to that of
the decay mode, where the
~meson is reconstructed in the final state, is
measured to be: \begin{equation*}
\frac{\Lambda_b^0\to\chi_{c1}(3872)pK^-}{\Lambda_b\to\psi(2S)p K^-} \times
\frac{\mathcal{B}(\chi_{c1} \to J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-)}{\mathcal{B}(\psi(2S)\to
J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-)} = \left(5.4 \pm 1.1 \pm 0.2\right)\times 10^{-2}\,,
\end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is
systematic
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Updated measurement of time-dependent CP -violating observables in Bs0→J/ψ<sup>K+</sup><sup>K-</sup> decays
The decay-time-dependent asymmetry in
decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of , collected with the LHCb
detector at a centre-of-mass energy of in 2015 and 2016.
Using a sample of approximately 117\,000 signal decays with an invariant mass in the vicinity of the resonance, the -violating
phase is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the
light and heavy mass eigenstates of the - system,
. The difference of the average and meson
decay widths, , is determined using in addition a sample of
decays. The values obtained are , and , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the
second systematic. These are the most precise single measurements of these
quantities to date and are consistent with expectations based on the Standard
Model and with a previous LHCb analysis of this decay using data recorded at
centre-of-mass energies 7 and 8 TeV. Finally, the results are combined with
recent results from decays obtained using
the same dataset as this analysis, and with previous independent LHCb results
Measurement of differential cross sections for the production of a pair of isolated photons in pp collisions at s=7TeV
A measurement of differential cross sections for the production of a pair of isolated photons in proton–proton collisions at √s=7TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0fb-1 collected with the CMS detector. A data-driven isolation template method is used to extract the prompt diphoton yield. The measured cross section for two isolated photons, with transverse energy above 40 and 25GeV respectively, in the pseudorapidity range |η|0.45, is 17.2±0.2(stat)±1.9(syst)±0.4(lumi)pb. Differential cross sections are measured as a function of the diphoton invariant mass, the diphoton transverse momentum, the azimuthal angle difference between the two photons, and the cosine of the polar angle in the Collins–Soper reference frame of the diphoton system. The results are compared to theoretical predictions at leading, next-to-leading, and next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics
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Search for the doubly charmed baryon Ξcc+
A search for the doubly charmed baryon with the decay
mode is performed using
proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 collected by the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to
an integrated luminosity of . No significant signal is
observed within the invariant mass range of 3.6 to 4.0. Upper limits are set on the ratio of the production cross-section
times the total branching fraction of the
decay with respect to the
decay. Upper
limits at 95% credibility level for in the range to are
obtained for different hypotheses on the mass and
lifetime in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and transverse momentum range
from 4 to 15
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Measurement of the η<inf>c</inf>(1 S) production cross-section in p p collisions at √s=13TeV
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
, collected by the LHCb experiment, the production of the
state in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
is studied in the rapidity range
and in the transverse momentum range . The
cross-section for prompt production of mesons relative to that of
the meson is measured using the decay mode and is found
to be . The quoted uncertainties are, in order, statistical, systematic and due
to uncertainties on the branching fractions of the and
decays. The prompt production
cross-section is determined to be , where the last uncertainty includes that on the
meson cross-section. The ratio of the branching fractions of -hadron decays
to the and states is measured to be
, where the last uncertainty is due to those on the branching
fractions of the and decays.
The difference between the and masses is also
determined to be , which is the most
precise single measurement of this quantity to date
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Precision measurement of the Ξcc++ mass
A measurement of the mass is performed using data collected
by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018 in collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
5.6 . The candidates are reconstructed via
the decay modes and
. The result, , is the most precise measurement of the
mass to date
Measurement of the electron reconstruction efficiency at LHCb
The single electron track-reconstruction efficiency is calibrated using a sample corresponding to 1.3 fb−1 of pp collision data recorded with the LHCb detector in 2017. This measurement exploits B+→ J/ψ(e+e−)K+ decays, where one of the electrons is fully reconstructed and paired with the kaon, while the other electron is reconstructed using only the information of the vertex detector. Despite this partial reconstruction, kinematic and geometric constraints allow the B meson mass to be reconstructed and the signal to be well separated from backgrounds. This in turn allows the electron reconstruction efficiency to be measured by matching the partial track segment found in the vertex detector to tracks found by LHCb's regular reconstruction algorithms. The agreement between data and simulation is evaluated, and corrections are derived for simulated electrons in bins of kinematics. These correction factors allow LHCb to measure branching fractions involving single electrons with a systematic uncertainty below 1%
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