Оценка качества образования на основе компетентностного подхода

В работе представлен практический опыт оценки качества образования в новом формате компетентностного подход

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or  ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention

A Ligand Peptide Motif Selected from a Cancer Patient Is a Receptor-Interacting Site within Human Interleukin-11

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine approved by the FDA against chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. From a combinatorial selection in a cancer patient, we isolated an IL-11-like peptide mapping to domain I of the IL-11 (sequence CGRRAGGSC). Although this motif has ligand attributes, it is not within the previously characterized interacting sites. Here we design and validate in-tandem binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy to show (i) the peptide mimics a receptor-binding site within IL-11, (ii) the binding of CGRRAGGSC to the IL-11Rα is functionally relevant, (iii) Arg4 and Ser8 are the key residues mediating the interaction, and (iv) the IL-11-like motif induces cell proliferation through STAT3 activation. These structural and functional results uncover an as yet unrecognized receptor-binding site in human IL-11. Given that IL-11Rα has been proposed as a target in human cancer, our results provide clues for the rational design of targeted drugs

Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Reduced cardiac vagal control reflected in low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with greater risks for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In two-stage meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for three HRV traits in up to 53,174 individuals of European ancestry, we detect 17 genome-wide significant SNPs in eight loci. HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (influencing GNG11, RGS6 and NEO1), or are located in genes preferentially expressed in the sinoatrial node (GNG11, RGS6 and HCN4). Genetic risk scores account for 0.9 to 2.6% of the HRV variance. Significant genetic correlation is found for HRV with heart rate (-0.74 < r(g) < -0.55) and blood pressure (-0.35 < r(g) < -0.20). These findings provide clinically relevant biological insight into heritable variation in vagal heart rhythm regulation, with a key role for genetic variants (GNG11, RGS6) that influence G-protein heterotrimer action in GIRK-channel induced pacemaker membrane hyperpolarization

Erratum: Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Correction to article number 15805 published in June 2017 in Nature Communications, vol 8

Erratum: Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk

Correction to article number 15805 published in June 2017 in Nature Communications, vol 8

Substantiation of lubricant selection for drilling technology

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью улучшения эксплуатационных свойств смазочных материалов, применяемых в буровой технологии. В целом их использование приводит к уменьшению абразивного и усталостного износа материала рабочих инструментов, увеличивает срок службы бурового оборудования и бурильного инструмента, что особенно важно для безаварийной работы и повышения технико-экономических показателей при бурении скважин. Цель исследования: разработать методику выбора оптимального образца смазочной композиции для повышения долговечности и герметичности резьбовых соединений бурильного инструмента путем определения толщины граничного слоя различных смазочных материалов на специально разработанном устройстве. Методы исследования. Лабораторные испытания свойств (средняя толщина граничного смазочного слоя, критическая нагрузка, нагрузка сваривания, индекс задира, показания износа) различных смазывающих композиций проведены на разработанном устройстве и четырехшариковой машине трения ЧМТ-1 (ГОСТ 32501-2013). Результаты. Разработанный экспрессный метод выбора смазочного материала по несущей способности, основанный на определении удельной толщины граничного смазочного слоя (метод «стопы»), позволяет подобрать оптимальный образец из испытуемых смазочных композиций. Проведены исследования по определению оптимального процентного содержания присадки на основе соединений серы, добавляемой с целью улучшения эксплуатационных свойств резьбовой смазки Р-416 (ТУ 301-04-020-92). Рекомендовано применение разработанного устройства для дальнейших исследований эксплуатационных свойств смазочных материалов. Выводы и рекомендации. Разработан экспрессный метод оптимального выбора смазочного материала по несущей способности (методика определения толщины граничного слоя смазки методом "стопы"), испытана присадка МФП-1 на основе сернистых соединений. Результаты испытаний показали, что присадка МФП-1, в определенных пределах соотношения к смазочному материалу, повышает устойчивость к нагрузкам, уменьшает износ трущихся поверхностей и продлевает срок службы элементов трения. Рекомендуется применение разработанного устройства для дальнейших исследований свойств смазочных материалов.The relevance of the work is caused by the need to increase the effectiveness of lubricating materials used in drilling technology. In general, their application leads to reduction in abrasive and fatigue wear of tool material, and increases the service life of drilling equipment, which is especially important for trouble-free operation and improvement of technical and economic parameters during well drilling. The aim of the research is to develop a procedure for selecting the optimal lubricant composition to improve the durability and tightness of drilling tool threaded connections by determining the thickness of the boundary layers of various lubricants at the specially designed unit. Research methods. Laboratory tests of properties (average thickness of lubricant layer, critical load, welding load, load wear index, wear indications) of various lubricating compositions were carried out at the developed test unit and using the four-ball friction machine ChMT-1. Results. The developed express method of lubricant selection according to load-carrying capacity based on the lubricating layer specific thickness calculation (the «pile» method) allows us to choose the optimum type from the lubricant compositions tested. The authors have determined the optimum percentage of additive content based on sulfur compounds added to improve the P-416 thread lubricant for pipe locking threads. The test unit developed is recommended for further preliminary studies of lubricant properties. Conclusions and recommendations. The authors have developed the express technique for optimal selection of lubricant according to its carrying capacity (technique of determining lubricant boundary thickness by the «pile» method), tested the MFA based on sulfur compounds. The research results showed that MFA additive in certain limits of the ratio to the lubricant increases the threaded connection susceptibility to loads, decreases rubbing surface wear and extends the service life of frictional elements. The authors recommend to apply the device developed for further studies of lubricant features