High-degree atrioventricular block. An unusual presentation of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case report

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy characterized by acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction with transient wall motion abnormalities without a culprit coronary stenosis or other concurrent diagnoses. Its coexistence with transient high-degree AV block is very infrequent. Case presentation: A 61-year-old man presented with a new onset of high degree AV block without ST segment deviations developing an anterior and apical dyskinesia with a low left ventricular ejection fraction in the absence of coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Atrioventricular block is an uncommon presentation of Takotsubo syndrome. The management of patients with relevant conduction disorders in this scenario is a challenge for the clinician. In case of persistence of advanced conduction disorders, it seems appropriate to implant a pacemaker

Decentralized event-based leader-following consensus for a group of two-wheeled self-balancing robots

[EN] This paper deals with the development of a decentralized event-based control strategy applied to the leader-following consensus problem of a group of two-wheeled self-balancing robots so called mobile inverted pendulum (MIP). The MIP’s nonlinear mathematical model which includes the dynamics of the actuators is presented. Then, the model around an operating point is considered which allows to exploit the differential flatness property of the system, permitting a complete parametrization in terms of the flat output. Assuming that the vehicle network exchange information through a directed and strongly connected graph, a decentralized control law is designed, and an event-based algorithm is developed. Then each MIP decides, based on the difference of its current state and its latest broadcast state, when it has to send a new value to its neighbors. The stability of the complete system is carried out in the Lyapunov sense together with the ISS (Input-to-State Stability) approach. Numerical results show the advantages \textit{wrt} information exchange between MIPs, as well as a good performance in the angular stabilization under two scenarios: regulation and tracking problem.[ES] El trabajo presenta el diseno de una estrategia de control distribuido con comunicación activada por eventos, que resuelve el problema de consenso líder-seguidor, de un conjunto de robots móviles tipo péndulo invertido (RMPI). La linealización de las ecuaciones de movimiento de los RMPI, alrededor del punto de equilibrio, permiten explotar las propiedades de planitud diferencial, dando lugar a una reparametrización del sistema mediante la salida plana. Asumiendo que los vehículos se comunican mediante una red, cuya topología es representada por un grafo no dirigido y fuertemente conectado, se disena una ley de control distribuido y una funcion de evento que indica el instante en el que el i-ésimo vehículo debe transmitir informacion (su estado) a sus vecinos. El resultado es un intercambio asíncrono de información entre vehículos y donde el tiempo entre eventos no es equidistante. El análisis de estabilidad se lleva a cabo en el sentido de Lyapunov y en el sentido entrada-estado ISS (Input-to-State Stability). Los resultados en simulación numérica muestran el buen desempeño del consenso de la red de vehículos en dos escenarios representativos: regulación y seguimiento de trayectoria.Ramírez-Cárdenas, O.; Guerrero-Castellanos, J.; Linares-Flores, J.; Durand, S.; Guerrero-Sánchez, W. (2019). Control descentralizado basado en eventos para el consenso de múltiples robots tipo péndulo invertido en el esquema líder-seguidor. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática. 16(4):435-446. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2019.11113SWORD435446164Ahmed, N., Cortes, J., Martinez, S., 2016a. Distributed control and estimation of robotic vehicle networks: Overview of the special issue. IEEE Control Systems 36 (2), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2015.2512030Ahmed, N., Cortes, J., Martinez, S., 2016b. Distributed control and estimation of robotic vehicle networks: Overview of the special issue-part II. IEEE Control Systems 36 (4), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2016.2558398Aström, K. J., Murray, R. M., 2010. Feedback systems: an introduction for scientists and engineers. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4gdkBrisilla, R., Sankaranarayanan, V., 2015. Nonlinear control of mobile inverted pendulum. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 70, 145 - 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2015.02.012Bullo, F., Cortés, J., Martinez, S., 2009. Distributed Control of Robotic Networks: A Mathematical Approach to Motion Coordination Algorithms: A Mathematical Approach to Motion Coordination Algorithms. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831470Chung, T. L., Bui, T. H., Nguyen, T. T., Kim, S. B., Jul 2004. Sliding mode control of two-wheeled welding mobile robot for tracking smooth curved welding path. KSME International Journal 18 (7), 1094-1106. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02983284Dimarogonas, D. V., Frazzoli, E., Johansson, K. H., 2012. Distributed eventtriggered control for multi-agent systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 57 (5), 1291-1297. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2011.2174666Durand, S., Marchand, N., Aug 2009. Further results on event-based pid controller. In: Control Conference (ECC), 2009 European. pp. 1979-1984. https://doi.org/10.23919/ECC.2009.7074694Frías, O. O. G., 2013. Estabilización del péndulo invertido sobre dos ruedas mediante el método de lyapunov. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI 10 (1), 30 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2012.11.003Garcia, E., Cao, Y., Wang, X., Casbeer, D. W., July 2015. Decentralized eventtriggered consensus of linear multi-agent systems under directed graphs. In: 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). pp. 5764-5769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2015.7172242Ge, X., Han, Q. L., 2017. Distributed formation control of networked multiagent systems using a dynamic event-triggered communication mechanism. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP (99), 1-1.Grasser, F., D'Arrigo, A., Colombi, S., Rufer, A. C., Feb 2002. Joe: a mobile, inverted pendulum. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 49 (1), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1109/41.982254Guerrero Castellanos, J. F., Vega-Alonzo, A., Marchand, N., Durand, S., Linares-Flores, J., Mino-Aguilar, G., 2017. Real-time event-based formation control of a group of vtol-uavs. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication and Signal Processing (EBCCSP). Hal-01527633. https://doi.org/10.1109/EBCCSP.2017.8022817Guinaldo, M., Fábregas, E., Farias, G., Dormido-Canto, S., Chaos, D., Sánchez, J., Dormido, S., 2013. A mobile robots experimental environment with event-based wireless communication. Sensors 13 (7), 9396-9413. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130709396Hebertt Sira-Ramírez, Alberto Luviano-Juárez, M. R.-N. E.-W. Z.-B., 2017. Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Dynamic Systems. Butterworth- Heinemann.Lewis, F. L., Zhang, H., Hengster-Movric, K., Das, A., 2013. Cooperative control of multi-agent systems: optimal and adaptive design approaches. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5574-4Li, Z., Yang, C., Fan, L., 2003. Advanced Control of Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Systems. Springer-Verlag London.Marchand, N., Durand, S., Guerrero-Castellanos, J. F., 2013. A general formula for event-based stabilization of nonlinear systems. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on 58 (5), 1332-1337. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2012.2225493Müllhaupt, P., 2009. Introduction à l'analyse et à la commande des systèmes non linéaires. PPUR Presses polytechniques.Olfati-Saber, R., Murray, R. M., 2004. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on 49 (9), 1520-1533. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2004.834113Pathak, K., Franch, J., Agrawal, S. K., June 2005. Velocity and position control of a wheeled inverted pendulum by partial feedback linearization. IEEE Transactions on Robotics 21 (3), 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2004.840905Ren, W., Beard, R. W., 2008. Distributed consensus in multi-vehicle cooperative control. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-015-5Salerno, A., Angeles, J., Sept 2003. On the nonlinear controllability of a quasiholonomic mobile robot. In: 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.03CH37422). Vol. 3. pp. 3379-3384 vol.3.Sánchez, J., Guarnes, M., Dormido, S., 2009. On the application of different event-based sampling strategies to the control of a simple industrial process. Sensors 9, 6795-6818. https://doi.org/10.3390/s90906795Sanchez-Santana, J., Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Villarreal-Cervantes, M., Ramírez-Martínez, S., 2018. Control distribuido y disparado por eventos para la formación de robots móviles tipo (3, 0) ' ?. In: Congreso Nacional de Control Automático.Schinstock, D., McGahee, K., Smith, S., July 2016. Engaging students in control systems using a balancing robot in a mechatronics course. In: 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). pp. 6658-6663. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2016.7526719Segway, 2018. Segway human transporter. URL: http://www.segway.comSeyboth, G. S., Dimarogonas, D. V., Johansson, K. H., 2013. Event-based broadcasting for multi-agent average consensus. Automatica 49 (1), 245- 252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2012.08.042Sira-Ramírez, H., Agrawal, S. K., 2004. Differentially Flat Systems. Marcel Dekker, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482276640Tabuada, P., 2007. Event-triggered real-time scheduling of stabilizing control tasks. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 52 (9), 1680-1685. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2007.904277Tsai, C. C., Li, Y. X., Tai, F. C., Sept 2017. Backstepping sliding-mode leader- follower consensus formation control of uncertain networked heterogeneous nonholonomic wheeled mobile multirobots. In: 2017 56th Annual Conferen- ce of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). pp. 1407-1412. https://doi.org/10.23919/SICE.2017.8105661Velasco, M., Martí, P., Bini, E., 2009. On lyapunov sampling for event-driven controllers. In: Decision and Control, 2009 held jointly with the 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference. CDC/CCC 2009. Proceedings of the 48th IEEE Conference on. IEEE, pp. 6238-6243. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2009.5400541Xie, D., Xu, S., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Chu, Y., 2016. Consensus for multi-agent systems with distributed adaptive control and an event-triggered communication strategy. IET Control Theory Applications 10 (13), 1547-1555. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2015.1221Yamamoto, Y., 2009. Nxtway-gs model-based design.Yang, D., Ren, W., Liu, X., Dec 2014. Decentralized consensus for linear multi- agent systems under general directed graphs based on event-triggered/self- triggered strategy. In: 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. pp. 1983-1988. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2014.7039689Zhou, F., Huang, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Li, L., Peng, J., 2017. Decentralized event-triggered cooperative control for multi-agent systems with uncertain dynamics using local estimators. Neurocomputing 237, 388 - 396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.02

Characterization of poled and non-poled β-PVDF films using thermal analysis techniques

ß-poly(vinylidene fluoride)—ß-PVDF—exhibits ferroelectric properties due to the special arrangement of the chain units in the crystalline phase. The ferroelectric phase can be optimised by poling the original stretched film, that tends to align the randomly organised crystallites against the applied field. In this work, polarised and non-polarised ß-PVDF from the same batch are characterised by mechanical tests and a series of thermal analysis techniques, including DMA, TMA and DSC. The films exhibit mechanical anisotropy, and in the longitudinal direction the poled film presents larger mechanical properties, due to the higher structural organisation. Poled and non-poled show similar crystallinity levels but the melting temperature probed by DSC is higher for the non-poled film; for both films the melting peak exhibits a complex shape, indicating a heterogeneous crystalline organization. Two relaxation processes were found (ß and alpha_c) by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The ß process, attributed to segmental motions in the amorphous phase, appears at the same temperature in both directions, but its intensity was found to be higher for the films tested in the longitudinal direction. For a given direction, the poled films exhibit lower peaks, due to the more organised amorphous structure. At higher temperature, the alpha_c-relaxationwas related to the contraction of the films in the longitudinal direction during heating, recorded by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA). The onset of molecular mobility within the crystalline phase allows for cooperative diffusion processes in the amorphous phase, generating the randomisation of the initially oriented structure.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) - Programa Operacional "Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação" (POCTI) - POCTI/CTM/33501/99

Distributed event-triggered communication for angular speed synchronization of networked BLDC motors

[EN] This work presents the design and implementation of a collaborative and decentralized control for synchronizing the angular velocity of a group of spatially distributed brushless direct current (BLDC) motors. Via an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), acting as an internal-loop, the dynamics of the BLDC can be assimilated to that of a first-order integrator, which is considered an agent. Then, a decentralized collaborative control strategy with event-triggered communication is proposed, which solves the problem of leader-follower consensus for the multi-agent system and thus speed synchronization. The communication topology between agents is modeled using an undirected and connected graph. The decentralized control law incorporates an event function, which indicates the instant at which the i-th agent transmits the angular velocity information to its neighbor. An experimental platform using two BLDC and a virtual leader was developed to validate the proposed approach. The experimental results show excellent performance for angular velocity consensus for regulation tasks, while the bandwidth usage is only 1.25 % regarding a periodic communication implementation.[ES] Este trabajo presenta el diseño e implementación de un control colaborativo descentralizado para la sincronización de velocidad angular de un conjunto de motores de corriente continua sin escobillas (BLDC) distribuidos espacialmente. Apoyándose de un control por rechazo activo de perturbaciones, actuando como un bucle interno, la dinámica del BLDC puede asimilarse a la de un integrador de primer orden y el cual será considerado un agente. Se propone entonces una estrategia de control colaborativo descentralizado con una comunicación activada por eventos, que resuelve el problema del consenso líder-seguidor del sistema multi-agente y, con ello, la sincronización de velocidades entre motores. La topología de comunicación entre agentes se modela usando un grafo conectado y no dirigido. La ley de control descentralizado incorpora una función de evento, que indica el instante en el que $i$-ésimo agente transmite la información de velocidad angular a su vecino. El intercambio asíncrono de información permite reducir el tráfico de datos en la red de comunicaciones, lo que permite aprovechar el ancho de banda. Al analizar la dinámica de la trayectoria del error del sistema, se establece que el vector de error del sistema multi-agente tiende de forma exponencial y permanece confinado a una vecindad del origen del espacio de estados de error. Aunque la estrategia está diseñada para n-agentes, se desarrolló una plataforma experimental compuesta por dos motores y un líder virtual, permitiendo validar la estrategia. Los resultados experimentales muestran un excelente desempeño del consenso de velocidad angular de ambos motores BLDC para tareas de regulación, mientras que el uso del ancho de banda es de solamente 1.25 % con respecto a una implementación de comunicación periódica.Hernández-Méndez, A.; Guerrero-Castellanos, J.; Orozco-Urbieta, T.; Linares-Flores, J.; Mino-Aguilar, G.; Curiel, G. (2021). Comunicación distribuida activada por eventos para la sincronización de velocidad angular de motores BLDC en red. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 18(4):360-370. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2021.14989OJS360370184Ahmed, N., Cortes, J., Martinez, S., 2016. Distributed control and estimation of robotic vehicle networks: Overview of the special issue-part II. IEEE Control Systems 36 (4), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2016.2558398Aranda-Escolástico, E., Guinaldo, M., Heradio, R., Chacon, J., Vargas, H., Sánchez, J., Dormido, S., 2020. Event-based control: A bibliometric analysis of twenty years of research. IEEE Access 8, 47188-47208. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2978174Bullo, F., Cortés, J., Martinez, S., 2009. Distributed Control of Robotic Networks: A Mathematical Approach to Motion Coordination Algorithms: A Mathematical Approach to Motion Coordination Algorithms. Princeton University Press.https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400831470Chaari, R., Ellouze, F., Koubaa, A., Qureshi, B., Pereira, N., Youssef, H., Tovar, E., 2016. Cyber-physical systems clouds: A survey. Computer Networks 108, 260 - 278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.08.017Dimarogonas, D. V., Frazzoli, E., 2009. Distributed event-triggered control strategies for multi-agent systems. In: Communication, Control, and Computing, 2009. Allerton 2009. 47th Annual Allerton Conference on. IEEE, pp. 906-910. https://doi.org/10.1109/ALLERTON.2009.5394897Fuentes, G. A. R., Cortés-Romero, J. A., Zou, Z., Costa-Castelló, R., Zhou, K., 2015. Power active filter control based on a resonant disturbance observer. IET Power Electronics 8 (4), 554-564. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0032Garcia, E., Cao, Y., Wang, X., Casbeer, D. W., July 2015. Decentralized eventtriggered consensus of linear multi-agent systems under directed graphs. In: 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). pp. 5764-5769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACC.2015.7172242Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Rifaï, H., Arnez-Paniagua, V., Linares-Flores, J., Saynes-Torres, L., Mohammed, S., 2018. Robust active disturbance rejection control via control lyapunov functions: Application to actuated-ankle-footorthosis. Control Engineering Practice 80, 49 - 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.08.008Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Vega-Alonzo, A., Durand, S., Marchand, N., Gonzalez-Diaz, V., Casta˜neda-Camacho, J., Guerrero-Sánchez, W., 2019. Leader-following consensus and formation control of vtol-uavs with eventtriggered communications. Sensors 19 (24), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19245498Guinaldo, M., Dimarogonas, D. V., Johansson, K. H., S'anchez, J., Dormido, S., 2013. Distributed event-based control strategies for interconnected linear systems. Control Theory & Applications, IET 7 (6), 877-886. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2012.0525Guzey, H. M., Dumlu, A., Guzey, N., Alpay, A., April 2018. Optimal synchronizing speed control of multiple dc motors. In: 2018 4th International Conference on Optimization and Applications (ICOA). pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOA.2018.8370508Han, J., 2009. From pid to active disturbance rejection control. Transactions on Industry Electronics 56 (3), 900-906. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.2011621Hebertt Sira-Ramírez, Alberto Luviano-Juárez, M. R.-N. E.-W. Z.-B., 2017. Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Dynamic Systems. Butterworth- Heinemann.Hernandez-Méndez, A., Linares-Flores, J., Sira-Ramírez, H., Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Mino-Aguilar, G., 2017. A backstepping approach to decentralized active disturbance rejection control of interacting boost converters. Transactions on Industry Applications 53 (4), 4063-4072. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2017.2683441Lee, J., Bagheri, B., Kao, H.-A., 2015. A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters 3, 18- 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001Lewis, F. L., Zhang, H., Hengster-Movric, K., Das, A., 2013. Cooperative control of multi-agent systems: optimal and adaptive design approaches. Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5574-4Marchand, N., Durand, S., Guerrero-Castellanos, J. F., 2013. A general formula for event-based stabilization of nonlinear systems. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on 58 (5), 1332-1337. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2012.2225493Miskowicz, M., 2015. Event-Based Control and Signal Processing. CRC Press.Neenu, T., Poongodi, P., 07 2009. Position control of dc motor using genetic algorithm based pid controller. Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science 2177.Olfati-Saber, R., Murray, R. M., 2004a. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on 49 (9), 1520-1533. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2004.834113Olfati-Saber, R., Murray, R. M., Sep. 2004b. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 49 (9), 1520-1533. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2004.834113Ren, W., Beard, R. W., 2008. Distributed consensus in multi-vehicle cooperative control. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-015-5Sánchez-Santana, J., Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Villarreal-Cervantes, M., Ramırez-Martınez, S., 2018. Control distribuido y disparado por eventos para la formación de robots m'oviles tipo (3, 0)?. In: Congreso Nacional de Control Automático.Seyboth, G. S., Dimarogonas, D. V., Johansson, K. H., 2013. Event-based broadcasting for multi-agent average consensus. Automatica 49 (1), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2012.08.042Shi, T., Liu, H., Geng, Q., Xia, C., 2016. Improved relative coupling control structure for multi-motor speed synchronous driving system. IET Electric Power Applications 10 (6), 451-457. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2015.0515Sira-Ramírez, H., Hernández-Méndez, A., Linares-Flores, J., Luviano-Juarez, A., 2016. Robust flat filtering dsp based control of the boost converter. Control Theory and Technology 14 (3), 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-016-6025-6Sira-Ramírez, H., Linares-Flores, J., Luviano-Juárez, A., Cortés-Romero, J., 2015. Ultramodelos globales y el control por rechazo activo de perturbaciones en sistemas no lineales diferencialmente planos. Revista Iberoamericanade Automática e Informática Industrial RIAIg 12 (2), 133 - 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2015.02.001Song, H., Rawat, D. B., Jeschke, S., Brecher, C., 2017. Front matter. In: Cyber- Physical Systems. Intelligent Data-Centric Systems. Academic Press, Boston, pp. i - ii.Sun, J., Liu, R., Luo, Y., Sun, W., 2009. Research on multi-motor synchronization control for cutter head of shield machine based on the ring coupled control strategy. In: Xie, M., Xiong, Y., Xiong, C., Liu, H., Hu, Z. (Eds.), Intelligent Robotics and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 345-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10817-4_34Tao, L., Chen, Q., Nan, Y., Dong, F., Jin, Y., 09 2018. Speed tracking and synchronization of a multimotor system based on fuzzy adrc and enhanced adjacent coupling scheme. Complexity 2018, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5632939Torres, F. J., Guerrero, G. V., García, C. D., Gomez, J. F., Adam, M., Escobar, R. F., Sep. 2016. Master-slave synchronization of robot manipulators driven by induction motors. IEEE Latin America Transactions 14 (9), 3986-3991. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2016.7785923Valenzuela, A., Lorenz, R., 02 2001. Electronic line-shafting control for paper machine drives. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on 37, 158 - 164. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.903141Xia, C. L., 2012. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives and controls. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118188347Xie, D., Xu, S., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Chu, Y., 2016. Consensus for multi-agent systems with distributed adaptive control and an event-triggered communication strategy. IET Control Theory Applications 10 (13), 1547-1555. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2015.1221Yang, D., Ren,W., Liu, X., Dec 2014. Decentralized consensus for linear multiagent systems under general directed graphs based on event-triggered/selftriggered strategy. In: 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. pp. 1983-1988. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2014.7039689Yu, H., Xi, J.-Q., Zhang, F., Hu, Y.-h., 02 2014. Research on gear shifting process without disengaging clutch for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle equipped with amt. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/985652Zhang, C., Wu, H., He, J., Xu, C., 2015. Consensus tracking for multi-motor system via observer based variable structure approach. Journal of the Franklin Institute 352 (8), 3366 - 3377, special Issue on Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Control. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.01.035Zhang, C.-H., Shi, Q.-S., Cheng, J., 01 2007. Design of fuzzy neural network controller for synchronization drive in multi-motor systems 22, 30-34.Zhang, X., Zhang, J., 2014. Distributed event-triggered control of multiagent systems with general linear dynamics. Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2014, 7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/698546Zhao, D., Li, C., Ren, J., 12 2009a. Speed synchronization of multiple induction motors with adjacent cross coupling control. pp. 6805-6810.Zhao, D.-Z., wen LI, C., REN, J., 2009b. Speed synchronization of multiple induction motors with total sliding mode control. Systems Engineering - Theory & Practice 29 (10), 110 - 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-8651(10)60077-4Zhao, G., Zhuang, B., Zheng, G., Zhao, Y., 09 2017. Cross-coupling control method for five-axis computer numerical control machine with dual rotary tables. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017733689Zhou, F., Huang, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Li, L., Peng, J., 2017. Decentralized event-triggered cooperative control for multi-agent systems with uncertain dynamics using local estimators. Neurocomputing 237, 388 - 396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.02

Direct measurement of optical quasidistribution functions: multimode theory and homodyne tests of Bell's inequalities

We develop a multimode theory of direct homodyne measurements of quantum optical quasidistribution functions. We demonstrate that unbalanced homodyning with appropriately shaped auxiliary coherent fields allows one to sample point-by-point different phase space representations of the electromagnetic field. Our analysis includes practical factors that are likely to affect the outcome of a realistic experiment, such as non-unit detection efficiency, imperfect mode matching, and dark counts. We apply the developed theory to discuss feasibility of observing a loophole-free violation of Bell's inequalities by measuring joint two-mode quasidistribution functions under locality conditions by photon counting. We determine the range of parameters of the experimental setup that enable violation of Bell's inequalities for two states exhibiting entanglement in the Fock basis: a one-photon Fock state divided by a 50:50 beam splitter, and a two-mode squeezed vacuum state produced in the process of non-degenerate parametric down-conversion.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Distributed phase-covariant cloning with atomic ensembles via quantum Zeno dynamics

We propose an interesting scheme for distributed orbital state quantum cloning with atomic ensembles based on the quantum Zeno dynamics. These atomic ensembles which consist of identical three-level atoms are trapped in distant cavities connected by a single-mode integrated optical star coupler. These qubits can be manipulated through appropriate modulation of the coupling constants between atomic ensemble and classical field, and the cavity decay can be largely suppressed as the number of atoms in the ensemble qubits increases. The fidelity of each cloned qubit can be obtained with analytic result. The present scheme provides a new way to construct the quantum communication network.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Recent progress with hot carrier solar cells

Hot carrier solar cells offer one of the most promising options for high performance “third generation” photovoltaic devices. For successful operation, these need to be thin, strongly absorbing, radioactively efficient devices in a simple 2-terminal configuration. Nonetheless, they offer potential performance close to the maximum possible for solar conversion, equivalent to a multi-cell stack of six or more tandem cells possibly without some of the limitations, such as spectral sensitivity. However, hot carrier cells offer some quite fundamental challenges in implementation that our team is addressing in an internationally collaborative effort

Accretion, Outflows, and Winds of Magnetized Stars

Many types of stars have strong magnetic fields that can dynamically influence the flow of circumstellar matter. In stars with accretion disks, the stellar magnetic field can truncate the inner disk and determine the paths that matter can take to flow onto the star. These paths are different in stars with different magnetospheres and periods of rotation. External field lines of the magnetosphere may inflate and produce favorable conditions for outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary. Outflows can be particularly strong in the propeller regime, wherein a star rotates more rapidly than the inner disk. Outflows may also form at the disk-magnetosphere boundary of slowly rotating stars, if the magnetosphere is compressed by the accreting matter. In isolated, strongly magnetized stars, the magnetic field can influence formation and/or propagation of stellar wind outflows. Winds from low-mass, solar-type stars may be either thermally or magnetically driven, while winds from massive, luminous O and B type stars are radiatively driven. In all of these cases, the magnetic field influences matter flow from the stars and determines many observational properties. In this chapter we review recent studies of accretion, outflows, and winds of magnetized stars with a focus on three main topics: (1) accretion onto magnetized stars; (2) outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary; and (3) winds from isolated massive magnetized stars. We show results obtained from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and, in a number of cases compare global simulations with observations.Comment: 60 pages, 44 figure

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters