New seeding units for sowing winter wheat

One of the main parameters of high-quality sowing of agricultural seeds is their uniform distribution along the length, which is mainly influenced by the sowing unit. In the present work, the sowing of seeds of grain crops using a coil seeding unit is considered as an object of research. As a subject of research, the dependences of the uniformity of seed distribution along the length of the furrow on the non-uniformity of the specific working volume of the coil, the rotation frequency of the blower of the pneumatic seeder and the seeding rate are considered. The aim of the work is to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the area of nutrition that falls on each plant with an ordinary method of sowing winter wheat. The paper presents the results of theoretical prerequisites for determining the working volume of the seeding coil, the results of field experiments of the seeding unit using coils with different geometric characteristics. The analysis of the uniformity of seed distribution using regression analysis and Bayesian networks is carried out. The resulting determination coefficient of 0.82 allows concluding that the resulting mathematical model can be used for practical purposes. It is noted that the proposed cellular seeding coil stands out qualitatively among the grooved and grooved-screw coils. Its use with a probability of 80%, according to the constructed Bayesian network, at low seeding rates of 75-150 kg / ha contributes to ensuring the best indexes for the uniformity of sowing of winter wheat

МЕТОДИ ОЧИЩЕННЯ ГАЗОВИХ ВИКИДІВ ВІД ХІМІЧНО-НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ РЕЧОВИН ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ФІЛЬТРУВАЛЬНИХ СИСТЕМ

A wide variety of sources of emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, differing in nature and concentration of harmful substances, temperature, pressure, periodicity and duration of release, the presence of associated impurities in the exhaust gases determine the choice of a rational method and equipment for gas purification. In the arsenal of air pollution protection techniques, there are numerous absorption, adsorption, catalytic, thermal and other methods of gas purification. The methods of purification of gaseous emissions depending on the physical and chemical properties of pollutants, in particular chemical-dangerous, their aggregate state, concentration in the gas environment are considered. The influence of aerosol content such as dust and soot; the efficiency of cleaning methods at different temperature intervals, methods of cleaning multicomponent mixtures. The comparative characteristics of thermochemical, reagent, sorption and catalytic methods are given and the prospects of their application in the filter systems of stationary and mobile objects are estimated.Рассмотрены методы очистки газообразных выбросов в зависимости от физико-химических свойств загрязняющих веществ, в том числе химически опасных, их агрегатного состояния, концентрации в газовой среде. Проанализировано влияние содержания аэрозолей, таких как пыль и сажа; работоспособность методов очистки в различных температурных интервалах, способы очистки многокомпонентных смесей. Приведена сравнительная характеристика термохимических, реагентных, сорбционных и каталитических методов и оценены перспективы их применения в фильтровальных системах стационарных и мобильных объектов.Розглянуто методи очищення газоподібних викидів залежно від фізико-хімічних властивостей забруднювальних речовин, зокрема хімічно-небезпечних, їх агрегатного стану, концентрації в газовому середовищі. Проаналізовано вплив вмісту аерозолів, таких як пил і сажа; працездатність методів очищення в різних температурних інтервалах, способи очищення багатокомпонентних сумішей. Наведено порівняльну характеристику термохімічних, реагентних, сорбційних і каталітичних методів та оцінено перспективи їх застосування в фільтрувальних системах стаціонарних і мобільних об’єктів

Pyrite Textures, Trace Elements and Sulfur Isotope Chemistry of Bijaigarh Shales, Vindhyan Basin, India and Their Implications

The Vindhyan Basin in central India preserves a thick (~5 km) sequence of sedimentary and lesser volcanic rocks that provide a valuable archive of a part of the Proterozoic (~1800-900 Ma) in India. Here, we present an analysis of key sedimentary pyrite textures and their trace element and sulfur isotope compositions in the Bijaigarh Shale (1210 ± 52 Ma) in the Vindhyan Supergroup, using reflected light microscopy, LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP-SI, respectively. A variety of sedimentary pyrite textures (fine-grained disseminated to aggregates, framboids, lags, and possibly microbial pyrite textures) are observed reflecting quiet and strongly anoxic water column conditions punctuated by occasional high-energy events (storm incursions). Key redox sensitive or sensitive to oxidative weathering trace elements (Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Se) and ratios of (Se/Co, Mo/Co, Zn/Co) measured in sedimentary pyrites from the Bijaigarh Shale are used to infer atmospheric redox conditions during its deposition. Most trace elements are depleted relative to Proterozoic mean values. Sulfur isotope compositions of pyrite, measured using SHRIMP-SI, show an increase in δ34S as we move up stratigraphy with positive δ34S values ranging from 5.99% (lower) to 26.08� (upper). We propose limited sulphate supply caused the pyrites to incorporate the heavier isotope. Overall, we interpret these low trace element signatures and heavy sulfur isotope compositions to indicate relatively suppressed oxidative weathering on land during the deposition of the Bijaigarh Shale

Behavior of Platinum-Group Elements during Hydrous Metamorphism: Constraints from Awaruite (Ni3Fe) Mineralization

Natural Fe-Ni alloys are common in meteorites and, presumably, the Earth’s core, where they host significant platinum-group elements (PGE). However, little is known on PGE concentrations in hydrothermal or metamorphic Fe-Ni alloys (i.e., awaruite Ni3Fe) from terrestrial rocks. In this work, we examine the geochemistry of awaruite and related minerals from several placer deposits sourced from the suprasubduction ophiolitic (Kamchatsky Mys, Karaginsky Island, and Mamet) and Ural-Alaskan (Galmoenan) complexes of Kamchatka and the Koryak Highlands (Far East Russia) in order to assess the abundance of PGE in awaruite and constrain their mobility under metamorphic and hydrothermal conditions. Studied awaruite from ophiolitic and Ural-Alaskan type complexes formed via desulfurization of pentlandite during serpentinization. Three groups of platinum-group minerals (PGMs) are associated with awaruite from Kamchatsky Mys: (1) Pt-Fe alloys such as ferronickelplatinum (Pt2FeNi) or unnamed Ni2FePt alloys; (2) Os-Ir-Ru alloys of various composition; (3) Pd-Sb minerals which form together with serpentine during hydrothermal alteration. Despite the abundance of PGM inclusions, no significant PGE concentrations were measured in awaruite from the Kamchatsky Mys, Karaginsky Island, or Mamet ophiolites. In contrast, pentlandite relicts in awaruite from placers related to the Galmoenan Ural-Alaskan type complex contain exceptionally high, previously unreported, Os (up to 540 ppm). Awaruite that forms on behalf of this pentlandite does not show any significant Os enrichment. Rare Galmoenan awaruite analyses yield up to 3 ppm Pd. The new data are not in complete accordance with previous studies that reported relatively high (up to first 10 ppm) PGE content in awaruite. We attribute this to low PGE concentration in precursor sulfides and preferential partitioning of PGE into discrete secondary PGM within awaruite. Nevertheless, abundant inclusions of secondary PGM in awaruite provide evidence of PGE mobility during metamorphic and hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks

Анализ параметров активной фазированной антенной решетки радиотелескопа ГУРТ

Представлены методика расчета и результаты численного анализа параметров активной фазированной антенной решетки (АФАР) Гигантского украинского радиотелескопа (ГУРТ) декаметрового и метрового диапазонов волн, который сооружается в настоящее время вблизи г. Харькова на территории Радиоастрономической обсерватории им. С. Я. Брауде Радиоастрономического института Национальной академии наук Украины. Методика базируется на матричной теории антенных решеток, сочетающей в себе электродинамический подход к анализу решетки излучателей с методами теории многополюсников СВЧ для описания фидерной схемы АФАР. Приведены и проанализированы результаты численного расчета эффективной площади АФАР и коэффициента передачи, который в случае пассивной ФАР ассоциируется с КПД, в широком секторе сканирования луча в диапазоне частот 10- 80 МГц.Надаються методика розрахунку та результати числового аналізу параметрів активної фазованої антенної решітки (АФАР) Гігантського українського радіотелескопу (ГУРТ) декаметрового та метрового діапазонів хвиль, що наразі споруджується поблизу м. Харкова на території Радіоастрономічної обсерваторії ім. С. Я. Брауде Радіоастрономічного інституту Національної академії наук України. Методика базується на матричній теорії антенних решіток, що поєднує електродинамічний підхід до аналізу решітки випромінювачів з методами теорії багатополюсників НВЧ для опису фідерної схеми АФАР. Наведені та проаналізовані результати числового розрахунку ефективної площі АФАР та коефіцієнту передачі, що в разі пасивної ФАР асоціюється з ККД, у широкому секторі сканування променя в діапазоні частот 10 - 80 МГц.The calculation technique results of numerical analysis of parameters of active phased antenna array (APAA) of the Giant Ukrainian Radio Telescope (GURT) of decameter and meter wavelengths which is being built now nearby Kharkiv at the area of S. Ya. Braude Radio Astronomy Observatory of the Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are presented. The technique is based on the matrix theory of antenna arrays which combines an electromagnetic approach to analysis of radiators array with the methods of microwave multiport theory for the APAA feed network description. The results of numerical calculation of the APAA effective area and its gain, which in case of passive array is associated with its efficiency, are given and analyzed for a wide scan range within 10 to 80 MHz

Transit of H2O2 across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is not sluggish

Cellular metabolism provides various sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in different organelles and compartments. The suitability of H2O2 as an intracellular signaling molecule therefore also depends on its ability to pass cellular membranes. The propensity of the membranous boundary of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to let pass H2O2 has been discussed controversially. In this essay, we challenge the recent proposal that the ER membrane constitutes a simple barrier for H2O2 diffusion and support earlier data showing that (i) ample H2O2 permeability of the ER membrane is a prerequisite for signal transduction, (ii) aquaporin channels are crucially involved in the facilitation of H2O2 permeation, and (iii) a proper experimental framework not prone to artifacts is necessary to further unravel the role of H2O2 permeation in signal transduction and organelle biology. © 2016 Elsevier Inc