\u27Al-Mouled\u27 as a Cultural Greenway: A new developing tool in the Egyptian context

Egypt’s heritage is of worldwide interest and importance due to its continuity over a period of more than five thousand years. It encompasses various aspects of human civilization and represents a cultural as well as a natural heritage of national and international value. This wealth of archaeological sites, architecture, arts and folklore reflects the many stages of Egypt’s rich past, giving it the rich diversity that we see now. But, unfortunately, this context is deteriorating due to massive development trends, unplanned urban expansion, unclear planning strategies, lack of awareness of importance of landscape planning in conserving this context on both academic and practical levels and finally because it is being dealt with as isolated attributes, thus neglecting its spatial distribution, resulting in an absence of character and identity of place. Although the Egyptian government, represented by the Egyptian General Organization for Physical Planning and the United Nations Development Programme, is taking positive action in preparing new master plans for cities, these master plans are, unfortunately, falling under the same rules, thereby ignoring the natural and cultural contexts between one city and another, and with limited financial resources available for implementing the plans

Preparation and characterisation of protein concentrates from defatted kenaf seed.

Two kenaf varieties QP3 and V36 were used to obtain protein concentrates. Proximate analysis, foaming, water and oil absorption properties were studied. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed among the two varieties only in their content in oil and carbohydrates. The protein concentrate yield was 13.04% and 10.56%, respectively. The two varieties showed significantly different (P<0.05) water and oil absorption capacities. QP3 showed higher foaming capacity than did V38, and it was increased with increasing salt and sugar concentration. Albumin was the main fraction representing 59.6% and 66.1% in QP3 and V36 varieties, respectively, followed by globulin, which represented 22.6% and 19.1%, respectively. The ratios of albumin, globulin, glutelin and prolamin were significantly different. Based on the data obtained from sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the main kenaf seed proteins present in the concentrates were five proteins with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 66. kDa. From differential scanning calorimetry data, QP3 and V36 protein concentrates had similar denaturation temperatures (82.6 and 81.8°C, respectively)

Screening Triticum aestivum L. genotypes for drought stress tolerance under arid land conditions

Screening of drought tolerant genotypes for arid land cultivation is the best approach to avoid yield losses as breeding and selection are time taking techniques. Current experiment was planned to evaluate late sown wheat cultivars potential for drought tolerance and adaptability in Jeddah region, KSA. Four wheat cultivars (Yocoro, Rojo, Faisalabad-2008, F-10 and L-7096) were tested against drought stress applied as (75% and 50%) of total crop water requirement. A 100% water requirement was also applied as control. Data regarding crop growth stages, growth, grain yield and yield contributors were tested by using MSTAT-C. Drought stress significantly decreased all growth and yield traits except harvest index and the effect of water stress was the most severe where 50% of the total water requirement was applied. Both studied crop growth stages (days to complete tillering and days to complete 50% heading) were also affected to applied water stress and effect was more pronounced for days to complete 50% heading. Studied cultivars responded variably for different growth and yield traits. Cultivar Yoco Rojo took minimum days to complete tillering and heading while L-7096 presented the highest plant height and dry biomass accumulation. Faisalabad-2008 reported maximum values for grain yield and yield contributors except spike length that was maximum in Yocoro Rojo. Based on the field evaluation, it’s concluded that Faisalabad-2008 produced significant results for growth and yield traits among studied cultivars and can be successfully grown in arid land conditions under limited water supplies.Â

PENYALAHGUNAAN WEWENANG OLEH PEJABAT DAERAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH YANG BERINDIKASI TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI KABUPATEN BOMBANA (Analisis Perkara No.567/Pid.b/2009/PN Bau-Bau)

Keuangan daerah adalah merupakan salah satu hal penting bagi pemerintahan daerah sehingga perlu kiranya diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Hal tersebut agar dalam penggunaanya tidak terjadi kerugian bagi daerah yang mengelolanya. Pengaturan pengelolaan keuangan daerah dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2004 jo. Undang- Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah tidak komprehensif. Pengaturan tentang Belanja Tidak Tersangka tidak dijumpai dalam tiga undangundang tersebut di atas, tetapi dapat dijumpai dalam Pasal 27 Ayat (7) PP Nomor 58 Tahun 2005 jo. Surat Edaran Mendagri Nomor 903/2429/SJ. Tindak Pidana Korupsi merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang dapat merugikan Keuangan Daerah. Korupsi terjadi karena adanya pejabat negara yang menyalahgunakan wewenangnya dalam menyelenggarakan sistem pemerintahan. Dimana penyalahgunaan wewenang sering terjadi pada sistem pengelolaan keuangan yaitu pada keuangan negara yang akan digunakan untuk pembangunan di daerah dalam segala aspek kehidupan, misalnya untuk pembuatan dan pembangunan fasilitas-fasilitas umum. Akibat dari adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh pejabat negara maka tujuan pembangunan yang diinginkan dan akan dilakukan di daerah menjadi terhambat. Hal tersebut karena uang negara yang seharusnya digunakan untuk pembangunan daerah disalah gunakan oleh pihak tertentu dan pihak tertentu tersebut tidak lain adalah penyelenggara pemerintahan. Perkara Nomor 567/Pid.B/2009/PN.BB adalah merupakan salah satu contoh Tindak Pidana Korupsi yang terjadi karena adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang oleh pejabat Negara yang terjadi di Kapubaten Bombana yang telah merugikan keuangan Negara sebesar Rp 5.160.000.000.- (lima milyar seratus enam puluh juta rupiah). Akan tetapi oleh majelis hakim melalui putusanya menyatakan bahwa perbuatan Terdakwa bukan merupakan Tindak Pidana melainkan hubungan hukum keperdataan yaitu Pinjam-Meminjam yang diatur dalam Pasal 1754 BW. Adapun Instrumen hukum yang dapat digunakan dalam upaya pengembalian kerugian keuangan negera/ daerah akibat tindak pidana korupsi selain dengan instrumen hukum pidana melalui Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi yaitu dengan penyitaan harta yang terindikasi dari hasil tindak pidana yang dimiliki oleh terdakwa atau dengan uang pengganti maka dapat pula menggunakan instrument hukum perdata yaitu dengan mengugat ke pengadilan negeri terhadap harta terdakwa yang dikuasai oleh ahli warisnya

Acrylated palm oil nanoparticle synthesized by radiation-induced process as a controlled drug delivery system

The acrylated palm oil (APO) nanoparticle is a potential product that can be used as carriers in medical field. The main focus of the present study was to study the potential of the APO nanoparticles for used in a controlled drug delivery system. The microemulsion system is used as a medium to incorporate an active substance such as Thymoquinone (TQ) into the APO polymeric micelle and then the radiation technique is used as a tool for the synthesis of TQ-loaded APO nanoparticle. The nano-size TQ-loaded APO particles resulted the particle size of less than 150 nm with spherical in shape. The TQ release profile was carried out in potassium buffer saline (PBS) solutions (pH 7.4) at 37°C. And, the zero-order model has been used to determine the mechanism of the drug release from the corresponding nanoparticles, respectively. The TQ release was found to be sustained and controlled in pH 7.4. At pH 7.4, the release of TQ followed the zero-order model. The in-vitro drug release study showed a good prospect of the APO nanoparticle on being a potential drug carrier as there are toxic against colon cancer cells and not toxic towards normal cells. This suggested that the APO product produce using this radiation technique can be developed into different type of carrier systems for controlled drug release applications

Synthesis, reactions and antimicrobial activity of benzothiazoles

Benzothiazoles have been proven to be potent antimicrobial agents. In this study, 3-(5,6-dimethoxy-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propanohydrazide has been utilized as a scaffold for synthesis of pyrrole, indolylidene, pyrazoles, mercaptotriazole, oxadiazole, triazole and oxothiazolidine derivatives. Structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity

Knowledge, attitude and practice of long acting reversible hormonal contraception (LARHC) among women in urban upper Egypt

Background: The current study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of long acting reversible hormonal contraception (LARHC) among women in urban upper Egypt.Methods: A cross sectional study which included 902 married women, in the reproductive age, attending the outpatient clinics (Gynecology and family planning) of: 1-Assiut University Maternity Hospital, 2- Sohag University Hospital, and 3-Gehina General Hospital (MOH hospital) with current or previous use of any method of LARHC methods. A Questionnaire file was designed to assay knowledge attitude and practice of clients towards contraceptive methods. All data collected from clients reviewed separately to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of women towards contraceptive methods.Results: The most popular contraceptive method is COCs followed by IUD then DMPA. 99% of studied sample heard with good description about different types of LARHC. 54.9% of studied sample most popular/famous LARHC DMPA, most sources of information on LARHC were, Hospital, Relative/friends and health workers. 94.24% of the studied sample were in favor to use of LARHC, 94.2% of them agree to take a space between births, about 55.4% of them were health child and 61% comfortable lifestyle benefit from birth spacing, 33% of studied sample were maternal health, 68% of them were think/prefer to use implants, 64.5% of them didn’t pregnant while breastfeeding. 11% of sample women never used any contraception before and most reasons for not using contraception are fear of side effects, desire for more children, irregular sexual relationship, and husband opposition. Only 16.6 % of studied sample used LARHC before and most of them used DMPA, however 3 women who used DMPA get pregnant while using it.Conclusions: There is a good level of knowledge between upper Egypt women about LARHC methods

DEVELOPMENT of HYDROLOGICAL LUMPED MODEL TO ESTIMATE RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH: CASE STUDY WADI SUDR IN SINAI PENINSULA, EGYPT

ABSTRAC

The impact of herbal infusion consumption on oxidative stress and cancer: The good, the bad, the misunderstood

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is associated with the development of many ailments, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The causal link between oxidative stress and cancer is well established and antioxidants are suggested as a protective mechanism against cancer development. Recently, an increase in the consumption of antioxidant supplements was observed globally. The main sources of these antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and beverage. Herbal infusions are highly popular beverages consumed daily for different reasons. Studies showed the potent antioxidant effects of plants used in the preparation of some herbal infusions. Such herbal infusions represent an important source of antioxidants and can be used as a dietary protection against cancer. However, uncontrolled consumption of herbal infusions may cause toxicity and reduced antioxidant activity. In this review, eleven widely consumed herbal infusions were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities, anticancer potential and possible toxicity. These herbal infusions are highly popular and consumed as daily drinks in different countries. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for researchers to have better understanding of the use of herbal infusions to reduce oxidative stress and as protective supplements against cancer development

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London