Numerical solutions of differential equations for renal concentrating mechanism in inner medullary vasa recta models

AbstractTwo vasa recta models of the renal concentrating mechanism are presented. It is shown that by considering the effects of ascending vasa recta permeabilities, interstitial resistance, lateral small scale histotopography, and standard deviations in permeability values, these models lead to significant improvements in collecting duct urea and salt concentration ratios

Measurements of differential production cross sections for a Z boson in association with jets in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top-quark pair

A search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a top-quark pair t t ¯ H (tt¯H) is presented, using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 fb −1 and 19.7 fb −1 collected in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV respectively. The search is based on the following signatures of the Higgs boson decay: H → hadrons, H → photons, and H → leptons. The results are characterized by an observed t t ¯ H tt¯H signal strength relative to the standard model cross section, μ = σ/σ SM ,under the assumption that the Higgs boson decays as expected in the standard model. The best fit value is μ = 2.8 ± 1.0 for a Higgs boson mass of 125.6 GeV

Measurement of prompt Jψ\psi pair production in pp collisions at \sqrt s = 7 Tev

Production of prompt J/ ψ meson pairs in proton-proton collisions at s s√ = 7 TeV is measured with the CMS experiment at the LHC in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 4.7 fb −1 . The two J/ ψ mesons are fully reconstructed via their decays into μ + μ − pairs. This observation provides for the first time access to the high-transverse-momentum region of J/ ψ pair production where model predictions are not yet established. The total and differential cross sections are measured in a phase space defined by the individual J/ ψ transverse momentum ( p T J/ ψ ) and rapidity (| y J/ ψ |): | y J/ ψ | 6.5 GeV/ c ; 1.2 4.5 GeV/ c . The total cross section, assuming unpolarized prompt J/ ψ pair production is 1.49 ± 0.07 (stat) ±0.13 (syst) nb. Different assumptions about the J/ ψ polarization imply modifications to the cross section ranging from −31% to +27%

Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in PbPb and pPb collisions at √=sNN=5.02 TeV

The spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η| < 1 at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV are measured using 404 µb −1 of PbPb and 27.4 pb−1 of pp data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The spectra are presented over the transverse momentum ranges spanning 0.5 < pT < 400 GeV in pp and 0.7 < pT < 400 GeV in PbPb collisions. The corresponding nuclear modification factor, RAA, is measured in bins of collision centrality. The RAA in the 5% most central collisions shows a maximal suppression by a factor of 7–8 in the pT region of 6–9 GeV. This dip is followed by an increase, which continues up to the highest pT measured, and approaches unity in the vicinity of pT = 200 GeV. The RAA is compared to theoretical predictions and earlier experimental results at lower collision energies. The newly measured pp spectrum is combined with the pPb spectrum previously published by the CMS collaboration to construct the pPb nuclear modification factor, RpA, up to 120 GeV. For pT > 20 GeV, RpA exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity

Change of craniofacial deformity after sternocleidomastoid muscle release in pediatric patients with congenital muscular torticollis

Background: Craniofacial deformity is one of the main features of congenital muscular torticollis. The purposes of this study were to quantify craniofacial deformity and its postsurgical change in patients with congenital muscular torticollis and to analyze this change with reference to the age at surgery. Methods: Eighty patients with congenital muscular torticollis who had successful surgical release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and had preoperative and follow-up cephalometric evaluation were studied. The craniofacial deformity was evaluated in two aspects: curvature and asymmetry. Postsurgical changes of craniofacial deformity were analyzed in all patients. Two groups of patients were identified: Group 1, which consisted of patients who had surgery before five years of age; and Group 2, which consisted of patients who had surgery at or after five years of age. Preoperative deformity parameters and the postsurgical changes were compared between Groups 1 and 2. Finally, postsurgical changes in the first and second year postoperatively were compared in forty-two patients for whom cephalometric radiographs were made at both the first and second-year follow-up visits. Results: All of the cephalometric parameters improved significantly after surgical release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (p &lt;0.001). The preoperative craniofacial asymmetry parameters, such as transverse calvarial asymmetry and transverse skull-base asymmetry, were significantly more severe in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.018 in both), and these parameters improved significantly more in Group 1 than in Group 2 postoperatively (p = 0.029 and 0.003, respectively). No significant difference between Groups 1 and 2 was found in postsurgical changes of craniofacial curvature and mastoid-process length ratio. The improvements were significantly larger in the first year than they were in the second year in all parameters except mastoid-process length ratio. Conclusion: Cephalometry quantitatively showed improvement in the craniofacial deformity after surgical release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The results of this series were better when surgery was performed before the patient reached five years of age.More postsurgical change can be expected during the first year postoperatively than during the second year. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. Copyright © 2012 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.N