293 research outputs found
Asynchronies during mechanical ventilation are associated with mortality
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and time course of asynchronies during mechanical ventilation (MV).
Prospective, noninterventional observational study of 50 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) beds equipped with Better Care (TM) software throughout MV. The software distinguished ventilatory modes and detected ineffective inspiratory efforts during expiration (IEE), double-triggering, aborted inspirations, and short and prolonged cycling to compute the asynchrony index (AI) for each hour. We analyzed 7,027 h of MV comprising 8,731,981 breaths.
Asynchronies were detected in all patients and in all ventilator modes. The median AI was 3.41 % [IQR 1.95-5.77]; the most common asynchrony overall and in each mode was IEE [2.38 % (IQR 1.36-3.61)]. Asynchronies were less frequent from 12 pm to 6 am [1.69 % (IQR 0.47-4.78)]. In the hours where more than 90 % of breaths were machine-triggered, the median AI decreased, but asynchronies were still present. When we compared patients with AI > 10 vs AI a parts per thousand currency sign 10 %, we found similar reintubation and tracheostomy rates but higher ICU and hospital mortality and a trend toward longer duration of MV in patients with an AI above the cutoff.
Asynchronies are common throughout MV, occurring in all MV modes, and more frequently during the daytime. Further studies should determine whether asynchronies are a marker for or a cause of mortality
Schwartz - Zippelov teorem i neke njegove primjene
U ovom radu izložen je rezultat poznat pod nazivom Schwartz - Zippelova lema ili Schwartz - Zippelov teorem. Tema rada pripada pretežno algebri, ali ima značajne primjene u drugim matematičkim područjima kao što je na primjer teorija algoritama, te kombinatorika. Rad se sastoji od tri poglavlja. U uvodu je ukratko opisana tema i cilj rada. Prvo poglavlje sadrži kratku povijest nastanka teorema, različite oblike rezultata pojedinih autora, te kratki opis pojmova korištenih u samom radu. Drugo poglavlje sastoji se od iskaza i dokaza Schwartz - Zippelovog teorema, a u trećem poglavlju izložene su neke primjene tog teorema na probleme koji se mogu svesti na testiranje jednakosti polinoma. Takvi su, primjerice, problem postojanja savršenog sparivanja u grafu i ispitivanje svojstva asocijativnosti u grupoidu. Uz svaku primjenu navedeni su i prikladni primjeri.In this diploma thesis we present the result usually called the Schwartz-Zippel lemma or the Schwartz-Zippel theorem. The nature of this theorem is basically algebraic, but it has significant applications in other areas of mathematics, such as the theory of algorithms and combinatorial theory. The thesis consists of three chapters. The main theme and objective are briefly described in the introduction. The first chapter contains a short history of the theorem’s origins, various forms of the main results by different authors and some comments of basic concepts related to this topic. The statement and a proof of the Schwartz-Zippel theorem are given in the second chapter, together with the general outline of its applications. The third and final chapter consists of some applications to problems which can be reduced to polynomial identity testing, including the existence of a perfect matching in a graph and testing of the associativity property in a groupoi
VALES VI: ISM enrichment in star-forming galaxies up to z0.2 using CO(1-0), CO(1-0) and CO(1-0) line luminosity ratios
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations
towards 27 low-redshift () star-forming galaxies taken from the
Valpara\'iso ALMA/APEX Line Emission Survey (VALES). We perform stacking
analyses of the CO(), CO() and CO()
emission lines to explore the (CO())/(CO()))
(hereafter (CO)/(CO)) and
(CO())/(CO()) (hereafter
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio dependence as a function
of different global galaxy parameters related to the star formation activity.
The sample has far-IR luminosities L and stellar
masses of M corresponding to typical star-forming and
starburst galaxies at these redshifts. On average we find a
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio value of 16.12.5.
Galaxies with evidences of possible merging activity tend to show higher
(CO)/(CO) ratios by a factor of two, while variations of
this order are also found in galaxy samples with higher star formation rates or
star formation efficiencies. We also find an average
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratio of 2.50.6, which is
in good agreement with those previously reported for starburst galaxies. We
find that galaxy samples with high , SFR and SFE show low
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratios with high
(CO)/(CO) line luminosity ratios, suggesting that these
trends are produced by selective enrichment of massive stars in young
starbursts.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures to be published in MNRA
Mass calibration of distant SPT galaxy clusters through expanded weak-lensing follow-up observations with HST, VLT, & Gemini-South
Expanding from previous work, we present weak-lensing (WL) measurements for a total sample of 30 distant (zmedian = 0.93) massive galaxy clusters from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) Survey, measuring galaxy shapes in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys images. We remove cluster members and preferentially select z 73 1.4 background galaxies via V - I colour, employing deep photometry from VLT/FORS2 and Gemini-South/GMOS. We apply revised calibrations for the WL shape measurements and the source redshift distribution to estimate the cluster masses. In combination with earlier Magellan/Megacam results for lower-redshifts clusters, we infer refined constraints on the scaling relation between the SZ detection significance and the cluster mass, in particular regarding its redshift evolution. The mass scale inferred from the WL data is lower by a factor (at our pivot redshift z = 0.6) compared to what would be needed to reconcile a flat Planck \u3bd\u39bCDM cosmology (in which the sum of the neutrino masses is a free parameter) with the observed SPT-SZ cluster counts. In order to sensitively test the level of (dis-)agreement between SPT clusters and Planck, further expanded WL follow-up samples are needed
Corridor-Wide Surveillance Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems Phase II: Freeway Incident Detection Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Part A)
69A3551947136, 79075-00-SUB ADuring the second phase of this study, the team collected field data with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at different elevations and distances from the road to analyze the performance of a background subtraction algorithm for vehicle detection. Validation analyses were carried out and their results indicated that a detection rate with an accuracy of up to 92% can be reached using the background subtraction algorithm. The results of the ANOVA test confirmed that the drone\u2019s distance from the road was the only main factor associated with vehicle detection percentage (at the 95% confidence level). It was also determined that, depending on drone type, elevation can affect the detection rate based on the interaction plots created. The experiences from the field activities that took place during this phase of the project were incorporated into the previously developed protocol for the use of UAVs in corridor surveillance. The protocol was also updated with the steps that must be followed for several scenarios and these can be incorporated in future studies on the use of drones in transportation applications
The bacterial community structure in an alkaline saline soil spiked with anthracene
Background: The application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
will affect the bacterial community structure as some groups will be
favoured and others not. An alkaline saline soil with electrolytic
conductivity (EC) 56 dS m-1 was spiked with anthracene and acetone
while their effect on bacterial community structure was investigated.
Results: The percentages of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased
over time, while the percentage of Proteobacteria, mostly
Xanthomonadales, increased. The percentage of the phylotypes belonging
to the Nocardioides , Rhodococcus and Streptomyces , known
degraders of PAHs, was larger in the anthracene-amended soil than in
the acetone-amended and unamended soil at day 14. The phylotypes
belonging to the genera Sphingomonas , also a known degrader of PAHs,
however, was lower. Weighted and unweighted PCoA with UniFrac indicated
that phylotypes were similar in the different treatments at day 0, but
changed at day 1. After 14 days, phylotypes in the unamended and
acetone-amended soil were similar, but different from those in the
anthracene-spiked soil. Conclusions: It was found that incubating the
soil and contaminating it with anthracene changed the bacterial
community structure, but spiking the soil with acetone had little or no
effect on the bacterial community structure compared to the unamended
soil
Comparison of proteomic responses as global approach to antibiotic mechanism of action elucidation
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. New antibiotics are urgently needed to address the mounting resistance challenge. In early drug discovery, one of the bottlenecks is the elucidation of targets and mechanisms. To accelerate antibiotic research, we provide a proteomic approach for the rapid classification of compounds into those with precedented and unprecedented modes of action. We established a proteomic response library of Bacillus subtilis covering 91 antibiotics and comparator compounds, and a mathematical approach was developed to aid data analysis. Comparison of proteomic responses (CoPR) allows the rapid identification of antibiotics with dual mechanisms of action as shown for atypical tetracyclines. It also aids in generating hypotheses on mechanisms of action as presented for salvarsan (arsphenamine) and the antirheumatic agent auranofin, which is under consideration for repurposing. Proteomic profiling also provides insights into the impact of antibiotics on bacterial physiology through analysis of marker proteins indicative of the impairment of cellular processes and structures. As demonstrated for trans-translation, a promising target not yet exploited clinically, proteomic profiling supports chemical biology approaches to investigating bacterial physiology
Strange particle production in proton-proton collisions at TeV with ALICE at the LHC
The production of mesons containing strange quarks (K, ) and both
singly and doubly strange baryons (, Anti-, and
+Anti-) are measured at central rapidity in pp collisions at
= 0.9 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The results are
obtained from the analysis of about 250 k minimum bias events recorded in 2009.
Measurements of yields (dN/dy) and transverse momentum spectra at central
rapidities for inelastic pp collisions are presented. For mesons, we report
yields () of 0.184 0.002 stat. 0.006 syst. for K and
0.021 0.004 stat. 0.003 syst. for . For baryons, we find
= 0.048 0.001 stat. 0.004 syst. for , 0.047
0.002 stat. 0.005 syst. for Anti- and 0.0101 0.0020 stat.
0.0009 syst. for +Anti-. The results are also compared with
predictions for identified particle spectra from QCD-inspired models and
provide a baseline for comparisons with both future pp measurements at higher
energies and heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 33 pages, 21 captioned figures, 10 tables, authors from page 28,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/387
Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb-Pb
collisions at = 2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE
Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral
collisions, corresponding to 0-5% and 70-80% of the hadronic Pb-Pb cross
section. The measured charged particle spectra in and GeV/ are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same
, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon
collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification
factor . The result indicates only weak medium effects ( 0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions,
reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at -7GeV/ and increases
significantly at larger . The measured suppression of high- particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies,
indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb-Pb collisions at
the LHC.Comment: 15 pages, 5 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 10,
published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/98
Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV
The first measurement of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb
collisions at TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is
presented. We observe a growing trend with energy now not only for the
longitudinal and the outward but also for the sideward pion source radius. The
pion homogeneity volume and the decoupling time are significantly larger than
those measured at RHIC.Comment: 17 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 12,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/388
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