Kualitas Air Sungai Walannae di Dusun Kampiri Desa Pallawarukka Kecamatan Pammana Kabupaten Wajo

River is a stream of water on Earth's surface that is formed naturally from the land into the sea.Tha Water in Walannae river is a source of clean water in the community of Kampiri village of Pallawarukka districts in Pammana Wajo district.This study aims to determine the quality water of the river hamlet Kampiri Walannae in terms of parameters MPN Coliform, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), temperature, pH, BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). This research was conducted by quantitative methods using descriptive observational approach to design through sampling at three points. That is the point I (Upstream), point II (middle) and point III (Downstream). Sampling was done by a combined technique (composite sample), which is in the morning (08:00 to 9:00) and afternoon (16:00 to 17:00). Some parameters (temperature and pH) performed in the field, while for the parameters (MPN Coliform) checked in Sengkang city Health Department Laboratory, and the parameters (TSS, BOD and COD) checked in Environmental Health Laboratory banta-Bantaeng.Parameter were based on the results of the examination for Coliform MPN highest yield at the third point on the afternoon of the 11000 (/ 100ml) and the lowest result at the third point on the morning of the 5400 (/ 100ml). Parameter TSS highest yield is on the afternoon of the third point of 105 (mg / l) and the lowest result at the point I am today is 62 (mg / l). Temperature measurement parameters morning point I, II, and III average 27C in the afternoon while I point 27̊Cdan points II and III point 29C, the difference temperature between the water and the air is still eligible under the deviation parameter is pH 3 was at its highest yield second morning at 8 and the lowest point of the first and the third morning ie 6.  BOD highest yield at the third point of the afternoon of 36 (mg / l) and the lowest result at the first point on the afternoon of the 9 (mg / l). COD parameters the highest yield at the point II on the afternoon of the 42 (mg / l) and the lowest result at the point I on the morning of 23 (mg / l).  Based on water quality standards according to the provincial governor SK Sul-Sel  69 Year 2010 on Standards of quality and criteria for environmental damage, for the parameters pH and temperature is still eligible, whereas for the parameter MPN Coliform, TSS, BOD and COD are not eligible. Keywords: Water quality in the hamlet Walannae Kampiri for parameters MPN Coliform, TSS , temperature, pH, BOD, COD

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PETANI DENGAN PEMAKAIAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI (APD) SAAT PENYEMPROTAN PESTISIDA

Penggunaan pestisida merupakan masalah yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Indonesia merupakan negara yang masyarakatnya kurang memperhatikan penggunaan alat pelindung diri saat melakukan penyemprotan pestisida. Pada umumnya petani kesulitan menggunakan alat pelindung diri saat menggunakan pestisida. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan petani tentang alat pelindung diri. Pestisida merupakan zat yang bersifat racun. Karena toksisitasnya, penggunaan pestisida selalu menimbulkan risiko bagi pengguna dan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku petani saat menggunakan alat pelindung diri (APD) saat melakukan penyemprotan pestisida di desa Tonasa kecamatan Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan studi cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah petani pengguna pestisida di Desa Tonasa. Dalam penelitian ini, jumlah petani sebanyak 40 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik aksidental sampling dengan angket. Berdasarkan survei tersebut, 27 orang (67,5%) berpengetahuan kurang, 7 orang (17,5%) berpengetahuan cukup dan 6 orang yang pengetahuannya baik. Demikian pula, hanya 11 (27,5%) responden yang memiliki sikap positif terhadap APD. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku petani mengenai penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) saat melakukan penyemprotan pestisida di desa Tonasa. Rekomendasi bagi peneliti lain untuk lebih memahami faktor-faktor lain yang terkait dengan ketidakpatuhan penggunaan alat pelindung diri

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study

Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Peer reviewe

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18 : a geospatial modelling study

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km x 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2.1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205000 (95% uncertainty interval 147000-257000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution.Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study

Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution