Analisis Penyuluhan Perikanan Partisipatif dan Kompetensi Pembudidaya Ikan di Kabupaten Sumedang

Penyuluhan perikanan partisipatif yang melibatkan pembudidaya ikan dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kompetensi pembudidaya ikan sebagai taraf keefektivan perilaku (pengetahun, sikap dan keterampilan) dalam teknis budidaya ikan merupakan salah satu output penyuluhan yang dapat diukur capaiannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis deskriptif penyuluhan perikanan partisipatif dan kompetensi pembudidaya ikan, serta menganalisis hubungan penyuluhan partisipatif (perencanaaan (X1), pelaksanaan (X2) dan evaluasi (X3)) dengan kompetensi pembudidaya ikan (Y) menggunakan analisis korelasi spearman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah purposive disproportional stratified random sampling terhadap 114 responden pembudidaya ikan. Hasil penelitian: penyuluhan perikanan partisipatif pada tarap co learning dengan model fasilitatif. Kategori sedang pada proses perencanaan dan evaluasi, serta termasuk kategori tinggi pada pelaksanaan. Tingkat kompetensi pembudidaya ikan: 10,53% sangat baik; 50,88% baik, 33,29% sedang dan 2,63% rendah. Selain itu sangat baik dalam tanda-tanda induk matang gonad, obat-obatan ikan, dan cara tebar benih; baik dalam cara pencegahan hama dan penyakit ikan serta proses pembesaran ikan; sedang dalam proses pembenihan ikan, merencanakan produksi ikan dan mengkultur pakan alami; serta rendah dalam membuat pakan buatan. Hasil analisis korelasi spearman: variabel X1 dengan Y berhubungan kuat, signifikan dan searah, dengan kontribusi X1 terhadap Y sebesar 30,58%; hubungan X2 dengan Y cukup kuat signifikan dan searah, dengan kontribusi X2 terhadap Y sebesar 46,10%; hubungan X3 dengan Y adalah cukup kuat signifikan dan searah, kontribusi X3 terhadap Y sebesar 32,26%

Diversitas Plankton dan Kualitas Perairan Waduk Darma Kabupaten Kuningan Jawa Barat

Penelitian tentang “Diversitas Plankton dan Kualitas Perairan Waduk Darma” telah dilaksanakan pada Bulan Agustus 2017. tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui diversitas plankton dan kualitas air waduk Darma. Sampel diambil dari 3 stasiun pengamatan. Titik pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan, Genera fitoplankton yang ditemukan di Waduk Darma sebanyak 19-32 genera yang mewakili 5 kelas, yaitu Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae dan Euglenaphyceae. Serta Genera Zooplankton yang ditemukan di Waduk Darma sebanyak 12-15 genera yang mewakili 3 kelas, yaitu Rotifera, Ciliata dan Malacostraca. Indeks diversitas fitoplankton berkisar antara 0,367 – 1,376 dan diversitas zooplankton berkisar antara 1,379 – 2,023. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa waduk Darma memiliki tingkat keanekaragaman rendah

Environmental factors modulating the stability and enzymatic activity of the Petrotoga mobilis Esterase (PmEst)

Enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms found in oil reservoirs can find applications in many fields, including the oleochemical, pharmaceutical, bioenergy, and food/dairy industries. In this study, in silico identification and recombinant production of an esterase from the extremophile bacteria Petrotoga mobilis (designated PmEst) were performed. Then biochemical, bioinformatics and structural characterizations were undertaken using a combination of synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) and fluorescence spectroscopies to correlate PmEst stability and hydrolytic activity on different substrates. The enzyme presented a high Michaelis-Menten constant (KM 0.16 mM) and optimum activity at ~55°C for p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The secondary structure of PmEst was preserved at acid pH, but not under alkaline conditions. PmEst was unfolded at high concentrations of urea or guanidine through apparently different mechanisms. The esterase activity of PmEst was preserved in the presence of ethanol or propanol and its melting temperature increased ~8°C in the presence of these organic solvents. PmEst is a mesophilic esterase with substrate preference towards short-to medium-length acyl chains. The SRCD data of PmEst is in agreement with the prediction of an α/β protein, which leads us to assume that it displays a typical fold of esterases from this family. The increased enzyme stability in organic solvents may enable novel applications for its use in synthetic biology. Taken together, our results demonstrate features of the PmEst enzyme that indicate it may be suitable for applications in industrial processes, particularly, when the use of polar organic solvents is required

Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified