Geometric maximal operators and BMO on product bases

We consider the problem of the boundedness of maximal operators on BMO on shapes in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that for bases of shapes with an engulfing property, the corresponding maximal function is bounded from BMO to BLO, generalising a known result of Bennett for the basis of cubes. When the basis of shapes does not possess an engulfing property but exhibits a product structure with respect to lower-dimensional shapes coming from bases that do possess an engulfing property, we show that the corresponding maximal function is bounded from BMO to a space we define and call rectangular BLO

Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air (R) App

Background In allergic rhinitis, a relevant outcome providing information on the effectiveness of interventions is needed. In MASK-air (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for work is used as a relevant outcome. This study aimed to assess the performance of the work VAS work by comparing VAS work with other VAS measurements and symptom-medication scores obtained concurrently. Methods All consecutive MASK-air users in 23 countries from 1 June 2016 to 31 October 2018 were included (14 189 users; 205 904 days). Geolocalized users self-assessed daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on VAS scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for overall symptoms (global), nose, eyes, asthma and work. Two symptom-medication scores were used: the modified EAACI CSMS score and the MASK control score for rhinitis. To assess data quality, the intra-individual response variability (IRV) index was calculated. Results A strong correlation was observed between VAS work and other VAS. The highest levels for correlation with VAS work and variance explained in VAS work were found with VAS global, followed by VAS nose, eye and asthma. In comparison with VAS global, the mCSMS and MASK control score showed a lower correlation with VAS work. Results are unlikely to be explained by a low quality of data arising from repeated VAS measures. Conclusions VAS work correlates with other outcomes (VAS global, nose, eye and asthma) but less well with a symptom-medication score. VAS work should be considered as a potentially useful AR outcome in intervention studies.Peer reviewe

Percepción de tentaciones de uso de drogas en personas que reciben tratamiento Percepção das tentações de uso de drogas em pessoas que recebem tratamento Perception of temptations to use drugs among persons under treatment

El propósito fue describir las principales circunstancias que generan tentación al uso de drogas en pacientes que reciben tratamiento, relación con el tiempo de tratamiento y uso actual de drogas. El estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, el muestreo fue no probabilístico convencional por cuota, muestra de 61 participantes. El intrumento Escala de Tentaciones de Uso de Drogas con consistencia interna de .93. Las principales circunstancias que generan tentación a usar drogas fueron; que estén en lugares donde todos usen drogas, estar con alguien que use drogas, ir a fiestas con los amigos, observar a alguien usar y disfrutar drogas. A menor tiempo de tratamiento mayor es la percepción de tentación a usar drogas. Aquellos que refirieron consumir algún tipo de droga reportaron medias mas altas de tentación que aquellos que no consumen. Los que indicaron como droga de impacto, mariguana y otras drogas ilícitas, mostraron mayor tentación al uso de drogas.<br>O objetivo foi investigar as principais circunstancias que geram tentações para o uso de drogas em pacientes que receberam tratamento, a relação com o tempo de tratametno e o uso atual de drogas. Este é um estudo descritivo correlacional, a amostra foi não probabilistica convencional por cota, com 61 participantes. O intrumento Escala de Tentaciones de Uso de Drogas com consistência interna de .93. As principais circunstâncias que geraram tentação para o uso de drogas foi estar em locais onde todos usam drogas, estar com alguém que usa drogas, ir às festas com os amigos, observar alguien usando e disfrutam as drogas. Para o menor tempo de tratamento foi percebido as maiores tentación para o uso de drogas. Aqueles que refiriram consumir algum tipo de droga relataram médias mais altas de tentação que aqueles que não consomem. Os que indicaram como droga de impacto a maconha e outras drogas ilícitas, mostraram maior tentação ao uso de drogas.<br>This study aimed to describe the main circumstances that tempt patients under treatment to use drugs, their relation with treatment time and current drugs use. A descriptive and correlational study was carried out with conventional non probabilistic quota sampling. The sample consisted of 61 participants. The Temptation to Use Drugs Scale revealed an internal consistency of .93. The main circumstances tempting towards drugs use were: being in places where everybody uses drugs, being with somebody who uses drugs, going to parties with friends, seeing somebody who uses and has fun with drugs. The shorter the treatment time, the greater the perception of temptations to use drugs. Those persons who mentioned they use some kind of drugs reported on higher temptation averages than those who do not use these substances. Those mentioning marihuana and other illicit substances as impact drugs demonstrated greater temptation towards drugs use

Biochemical Markers in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease with a long silent period. The hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) include cartilage loss that leads to joint destruction and severe impairment of mobility. Involvement of subchondral bone and synovial tissue is well documentated. OA is the most prevalent cause of disability in the aging population of developing countries.The diagnosis is generally based on clinical symptoms and radiographic changes. However, X-ray has a poor sensitivity that does not allow an early detection of OA or the monitoring of joint damage progression. Another imaging technique is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although this medical test is more sensitive than plain radiography, it is more expensive and can´t be routinely applied to many patients. The limitations offered by such tools have cleared the need to identify more specific biological markers, which evaluate quantitative variations in joint remodeling, diagnostic, prognostic and efficacy of intervention. OA affects cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium. Thus, molecules derived from these tissues could be considered as candidates for biological markers in OA, as these molecules have a role in metabolic processes in the joints. Recent data indicates that some markers could be valuable to diagnose, predict OA progression and assess therapeutic response; however, the interpretation of results should be careful because tissue specificity, clearance rates and circadian variations are still under investigation in most of biomarkers. Although biomarkers could be considered valuable tools, they still have some limitations in clinical practice and it is necessary to develop and validate specific and sensitive biomarkers