121 research outputs found
Chemical abundances of late-type pre-main sequence stars in the -Orionis cluster
The young -Orionis cluster is an important location for understanding
the formation and evolution of stars, brown dwarfs, and planetary-mass objects.
Its metallicity, although being a fundamental parameter, has not been well
determined yet. We present the first determination of the metallicity of nine
young late-type stars in -Orionis. Using the optical and near-infrared
broadband photometry available in the literature we derive the effective
temperatures for these nine cluster stars, which lie in the interval 4300--6500
K (1--3 \Msuno). These parameters are employed to compute a grid of synthetic
spectra based on the code MOOG and Kurucz model atmospheres. We employ a
-minimization procedure to derive the stellar surface gravity and
atmospheric abundances of Al, Ca, Si, Fe, Ni and Li, using multi-object optical
spectroscopy taken with WYFFOS+AF2 at at the William Herschel Telescope
(). The average metallicity of the
-Orionis cluster is [Fe/H] (random and
systematic errors). The abundances of the other elements, except lithium, seem
to be consistent with solar values. Lithium abundances are in agreement with
the "cosmic" Li abundance, except for two stars which show a in the range 3.6--3.7 (although almost consistent within
the error bars). There are also other two stars with . We derived an average radial velocity of the
-Orionis cluster of km/s. The -Orionis metallicity is
roughly solar.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
A new L-dwarf member of the moderately metal-poor triple system HD 221356
We report on the discovery of a fourth component in the HD 221356 star
system, previously known to be formed by an F8V, slightly metal-poor primary
([Fe/H]=-0.26), and a distant M8V+L3V pair. In our ongoing common proper motion
search based on VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) and 2MASS catalogues, we have
detected a faint (J=13.76+/-0.04 mag) co-moving companion of the F8 star
located at angular separation of 12.13+/-0.18 arcsec (position angle of
221.8+/-1.7), corresponding to a projected distance of ~312 AU at 26 pc.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of the new companion, covering the 1.5-2.4 micron
wavelength range with a resolving power of R~600, indicates an L1+/-1 spectral
type. Using evolutionary models the mass of the new companion is estimated at
~0.08 solar masses, which places the object close to the stellar-substellar
borderline. This multiple system provides an interesting example of objects
with masses slightly above and below the hydrogen burning mass limit. The low
mass companions of HD 221356 have slightly bluer colours than field dwarfs with
similar spectral type, which is likely a consequence of the sub-solar
metallicity of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Спостереження як метод державного фінансового контролю за сплатою податків суб'єктами малого підприємництва
У статті проаналізовано особливості державного контролю за діяльністю суб’єктів малого підприємництва. Наведено авторське визначення методу спостереження в державному фінансовому контролі за сплатою податків та обґрунтовано доцільність його застосування в перспективі.
(The features of state control over the activities of small businesses are analyzed. The author’s definition of the method of monitoring in the state financial control over tax payments is given, and the expedience for its use in the prospects is grounded.
A census of very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the sigma Orionis cluster
(ABRIDGED) We have analysed the near-infrared photometric data from the
Fourth Data Release (DR4) of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Suvey (UKIDSS)
Galactic Clusters Survey (GCS) to derive the cluster luminosity and mass
functions, evaluate the extent of the cluster, and study the distribution and
variability of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs down to the deuterium-burning
limit. We have recovered most of the previously published members and found a
total of 287 candidate members within the central 30 arcmin in the 0.5-0.009
Msun mass range, including new objects not previously reported in the
literature. This new catalogue represents a homogeneous dataset of brown dwarf
member candidates over the central 30 arcmin of the cluster. The expected
photometric contamination by field objects with similar magnitudes and colours
to sigma Orionis members is ~15%. We present evidence of variability at the
99.5% confidence level over ~yearly timescales in 10 member candidates that
exhibit signs of youth and the presence of disks. The level of variability is
low (<0.3 mag) and does not impact the derivation of the cluster luminosity and
mass functions. Furthermore, we find a possible dearth of brown dwarfs within
the central five arcmin of the cluster, which is not caused by a lower level of
photometric sensitivity around the massive, O-type multiple star sigma Ori in
the GCS survey. Using state-of-the-art theoretical models, we derived the
luminosity and mass functions within the central 30 arcmin from the cluster
centre, with completeness down to J = 19 mag, corresponding to masses ranging
from 0.5 Msun down to the deuterium-burning mass boundary (~0.013 Msun). The
mass function of sigma Orionis in this mass interval shows a power law index
alpha = 0.5+/-0.2.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, 4 Tables, and appendix containing 6 tables
including tables in electronic format only. Revised version corrected for
english. Table 4 has been updated and correcte
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. A sub-Neptunian mass planet in the habitable zone of HN Lib
We report the discovery of HN Lib b, a sub-Neptunian mass planet orbiting the
nearby ( = 6.25 pc) M4.0 V star HN Lib detected by our CARMENES
radial-velocity (RV) survey. We determined a planetary minimum mass of
5.46 0.75 and an orbital period
of 36.116 0.029 d, using 5 yr of CARMENES data, as
well as archival RVs from HARPS and HIRES spanning more than 13 years. The flux
received by the planet equals half the instellation on Earth, which places it
in the middle of the conservative habitable zone (HZ) of its host star. The RV
data show evidence for another planet candidate with
9.7 1.9 and 113.46 0.20 d. The
long-term stability of the signal and the fact that the best model for our data
is a two-planet model with an independent activity component stand as strong
arguments for establishing a planetary origin. However, we cannot rule out
stellar activity due to its proximity to the rotation period of HN Lib, which
we measured using CARMENES activity indicators and photometric data from a
ground-based multi-site campaign as well as archival data. The discovery adds
HN Lib b to the shortlist of super-Earth planets in the habitable zone of M
dwarfs, but HN Lib [c] probably cannot be inhabited because, if confirmed, it
would most likely be an icy giant
Perspectiva de futuro, patrones de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between future perspective, the adoption of different learning patterns, and academic performance of university students. Participants were 175 students, average age 20, who responded to the Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS). Results show that learning patterns play a mediating role between future perspectives and academic performance. We suggest the promotion of more equitable teaching contexts that affect the adoption of learning patterns aimed at understanding of meanings.Este estudio tuvo como propósito analizar la relación entre la perspectiva de futuro, la dominancia de distintos patrones de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 175 estudiantes, con edad media de 20 años, que respondieron al Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal (ZTPI) y al Inventario de Estilos de Aprendizaje (ILS). Los resultados muestran que existe un papel mediador de los patrones de aprendizaje entre la perspectiva de futuro y el rendimiento académico. Se sugiere generar contextos de enseñanza que incidan en la adopción del patrón de aprendizaje dirigido a la comprensión de significados
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- A deep learning approach to determine fundamental parameters of target stars
Existing and upcoming instrumentation is collecting large amounts of
astrophysical data, which require efficient and fast analysis techniques. We
present a deep neural network architecture to analyze high-resolution stellar
spectra and predict stellar parameters such as effective temperature, surface
gravity, metallicity, and rotational velocity. With this study, we firstly
demonstrate the capability of deep neural networks to precisely recover stellar
parameters from a synthetic training set. Secondly, we analyze the application
of this method to observed spectra and the impact of the synthetic gap (i.e.,
the difference between observed and synthetic spectra) on the estimation of
stellar parameters, their errors, and their precision. Our convolutional
network is trained on synthetic PHOENIX-ACES spectra in different optical and
near-infrared wavelength regions. For each of the four stellar parameters,
, , [M/H], and , we constructed a neural
network model to estimate each parameter independently. We then applied this
method to 50 M dwarfs with high-resolution spectra taken with CARMENES (Calar
Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and
optical Echelle Spectrographs), which operates in the visible (520-960 nm) and
near-infrared wavelength range (960-1710 nm) simultaneously. Our results are
compared with literature values for these stars. They show mostly good
agreement within the errors, but also exhibit large deviations in some cases,
especially for [M/H], pointing out the importance of a better understanding of
the synthetic gap
Application of multi-sensor advanced DInSAR analysis to severe land subsidence recognition: Alto Guadalentín Basin (Spain)
Multi-sensor advanced DInSAR analyses have been performed and compared with
two GPS station measurements, in order to evaluate the land subsidence
evolution in a 20-year period, in the Alto Guadalentín Basin where the
highest rate of man-induced subsidence (> 10 cm yr−1) of
Europe had been detected. The control mechanisms have been examined
comparing the advanced DInSAR data with conditioning and triggering factors
(i.e. isobaths of Plio-Quaternary deposits, soft soil thickness and
piezometric level)
A new teaching strategy to teach microbiology through its history
Ante el nuevo reto de la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior los métodos de estudio deben adaptarse y servirse de herramientas innovadoras. Una buena estrategia para comprender una ciencia, su metodología y objetivos, es conocer su historia. Esta estrategia se hace especialmente útil en el caso de la Microbiología por ser una disciplina joven, que se ha cimentado precisamente en la metodología que sus creadores han ido elaborando.
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido crear una herramienta de utilidad en el aprendizaje de la Microbiología. Para ello hemos tomado como punto de apoyo su historia, es decir, explicar la Microbiología mediante la descripción de los descubrimientos y hechos que contribuyeron al desarrollo de esta ciencia. Para ello se ha creado una página web con dos aplicaciones independientes que operan sobre una base de datos común.
1. La primera de carácter público para los alumnos aunque con posibilidad de acceso restringido; se pueden consultar los contenidos sin posibilidad de alterarlos.
2. La otra aplicación es privada, los profesores pueden administrar los contenidos, y hacer uso de diferentes herramientas que facilitan la gestión de los mismos.In the light of the challenge presented by the European Higher Education Area, study strategies will have to adapt themselves and take advantage of innovative tools provided by modern information technology. One good way of understanding a science, its methodology and objectives is by taking an interest in its history. This approach is especially useful with regard to Microbiology, which is a fairly young discipline founded upon and made cohesive by the methods devised and constantly elaborated on by its designers.
The aim of this work has been to offer guidance towards learning Microbiology. To this end we have chosen as our starting point, and indeed one of the keystones of our approach, the history of the subject itself; that is to say, an explanation of Microbiology via a description of the discoveries and milestones that have contributed to the development of this science. Thus we have set up a web page with two separate applications operating on one common database.
1. The first is openly available to the students, although allowing the possibility of restricted access. Its contents may be consulted but not altered.
2. The second is accessible only by lecturers, who may administer its contents and resort to different tools to facilitate the management of the information available on the site
Candidate free-floating super-Jupiters in the young sigma Orionis open cluster
Free-floating substellar candidates with estimated theoretical masses of as
low as ~5 Jupiter masses have been found in the ~3 Myr old sigma Orionis open
cluster. As the overlap with the planetary mass domain increases, the question
of how these objects form becomes important. The determination of their number
density and whether a mass cut-off limit exists is crucial to understanding
their formation. We propose to search for objects of yet lower masses in the
cluster and determine the shape of the mass function at low mass. Using new-
and (re-analysed) published IZJHKs[3.6]-[8.0]-band data of an area of 840
arcmin2, we performed a search for LT-type cluster member candidates in the
magnitude range J=19.5-21.5 mag, based on their expected magnitudes and
colours. Besides recovering the T type object S Ori 70 and two other known
objects, we find three new cluster member candidates, S Ori 72-74, with J=21
mag and within 12 arcmin of the cluster centre. They have theoretical masses of
4 (-2,+3) M_Jup and are among the least massive free-floating objects detected
by direct imaging outside the Solar System. The photometry in archival Spitzer
[3.6]-[5.8]-band images infers that S Ori 72 is an L/T transition candidate and
S Ori 73 a T-type candidate, following the expected cluster sequence in the
mid-infrared. Finally, the L-type candidate S Ori 74 with lower quality
photometry is located at 11.8 arcsec (~4250 AU) of a stellar member of sigma
Orionis and could be a companion. After contaminant correction in the area
complete to J=21.1 mag, we estimate that there remain between zero and two
cluster members in the mass interval 6-4 M_Jup. Our result suggests a possible
turnover in the substellar mass spectrum below ~6 Jupiter masses, which could
be investigated further by wider and deeper photometric surveys.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, and appendix containing 5 figures;
accepted for publication in AA; v2: 2 minor corrections, in abstract and
sect. 2.
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