Assessment of Tree Attributes and Understory Vegetation Composition Six Years Post-thinning in Redwood National Park (Northern CA, USA)

Coastal redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens) are a resilient tree species that once dominated coastal ecosystems. However, redwood forests have experienced numerous impacts compromising their health and vigor, which has led to greater competition from other tree species. Foresters and Ecologists are utilizing novel restoration strategies to conserve and recover redwood forests. This project’s objective was to assess tree attributes and understory composition six years after a restoration thinning treatment. The study took place in Redwood National Park in Orick, California along Holter Ridge Road at a site named Middle Fork Lost Man Creek. In 2015, a student capstone group from Humboldt State University collected data for three plots before and immediately after a thinning treatment. Six years later (2021), our capstone group resampled the data in these plots and added tree height and understory vegetation parameters. Results found that total basal area/acre increased from 205.4 in 2015 (post-thinning) to 215.0 in 2021 and the quadratic mean diameter increased from 17.5 inches in 2015 (post-thinning) to 18.9 inches in 2021. This project can serve as an example for future treatment in similar ecosystems and can potentially assist the recovery of secondary growth forests, while also assisting in connecting sections of Redwood National Park to promote redwood dominance

GLOBAL SOJOURNERS: WOMEN’S POLITICAL EFFICACY AND POLITICAL AMBITION IN THE FACE OF POLITICAL CYNICISM AND GENDER BARRIERS

Despite progress that has been made worldwide regarding female political participation, the question of why more women do not enter the political arena remains. This study explored how women from MMIAPEZ (Mongolia, Morocco, India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, and Zambia) discursively construct obstacles and barriers to their participation in politics, as well as their political interest and ability to participate in politics. Fifty-eight in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with young women from seven different countries. Using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, this study uncovered three themes. First, MMIAPEZ women revealed the multi-faceted gender barriers that exist for female political participation in their countries. Second, MMIAPEZ women demonstrated high levels of political cynicism which was articulated by apathy and an active avoidance of politics. Finally, MMIAPEZ women generally expressed lower levels of political ambition and political efficacy which was articulated by their skeptical outlook towards politics. This study also conducted a follow-up survey at the end of the leadership institute to examine potential discursive shifts about their political interest and political efficacy. This study suggests that while encouraging women to run for political office is still an important goal, in countries such as MMIAPEZ, encouraging participation in the civil sphere may be more advantageous for young women with low political efficacy

Accounting Practices Generally Used in the Informal Sector : Characterization of the Micro Stores in District Four of Medellín

RESUMEN: Mediante una metodología de investigación con enfoque cualitativo e inductivo, se desarrollan las características que el grupo investigador logra explorar sobre las prácticas contables generalmente utilizadas por los tenderos en los microestablecimientos de la comuna cuatro de Medellín, con el objetivo de obtener y consolidar información concreta y empírica del mencionado sector, para transitar de la intuición a un conocimiento más certero y riguroso y ser base para posteriores desarrollos de un sector que tiene gran incidencia a nivel nacional. En pro de esto y para lograr un conocimiento contextual del objeto de estudio, se realiza una descripción del sector económico informal, además de otorgar varias definiciones de corte económico, legal y contable inherentes a la temática. Finalmente, se concluye que las tiendas de barrio de la comuna cuatro no implementan prácticas contables tan formales y rigurosas como las propuestas en las NIIF Simplificadas, sino, que por el contrario, por tradición, comodidad y facilidad, este sector realiza una serie de prácticas que aunque carecen de soporte técnico, resultan ser suficientes y estar alineadas a sus necesidades. Adicionalmente, se realiza un llamado a enaltecer el carácter social de la contaduría pública frente a las situaciones más cotidianas de la sociedad en las cuales se aplique el saber. ABSTRACT: Through a research methodology with a qualitative and inductive focus, this research explored and defined the characteristics of the generally used accounting practices by store owners in the micro establishments of District Four of Medellin, with the aim of obtaining and consolidating concrete and empirical information of said sector, to move from intuition to a more ascertained and rigorous knowledge so as to be the basis for subsequent developments in a sector with great incidence at national level. To do this, and to achieve contextual knowledge of the study object, a description of the informal economic sector is made, and several definitions of economic, legal and accounting nature inherent to the topic are provided. Finally, it is concluded that neighborhood stores in District Four will not implement accounting practices as formal and rigorous as the ones proposed by the Simplified IFRS. On the contrary, for reasons of traditions, comfort and easiness, stores in this sector carry out a series of practices that, although lacking technical foundations, prove to be sufficient and are aligned with their needs. Additionally, there is a call to exalt the social nature of Public Accounting in the habitual situations of society in which knowledge is applied

Reactional changes in short-term levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (lng-ius) use

Objective: To evaluate endocervical and vaginal environment changes in women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). Methods: A quasi-experimental study included sixty women who had an LNG-IUS inserted in the Family Planning Clinic of UNICAMP between April and November of 2016. Women in reproductive age, non-pregnant, without the use of antibiotics and contraceptives seeking for LNG-IUS insertion were selected for this study. All women were evaluated with regard to vaginal and endocervical pH, vaginal and endocervical Gram-stained bacterioscopy, and Pap-smear before and two months after LNG-IUS insertion. Clinical aspects such as cervical mucus, vaginal discharge, and cervical ectopy were also observed. Results: After LNG-IUS insertion, there was an increase in the following parameters: endocervical pH>4.5 (p=0.02), endocervical neutrophil amount (p<0.0001), vaginal cytolysis (p=0.04). There was a decrease in vaginal discharge (p=0.01). No statistically significant changes were found in vaginal pH, neutrophils amount in the vaginal mucosa, vaginal discharge appearance, vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal coccobacillary microbiota, cervical mucus appearance, or cervical ectopy size. Conclusions: Short-term LNG-IUS use did not increase vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis, and led to diminished vaginal discharge. Notwithstanding, this device promoted reactional changes in the vaginal and endocervical environment, without modification on cervical ectopy size.65685786

Vaginal lipidomics of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis: a non-targeted LC-MS pilot study

sem informaçãoTo characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology,138sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçãoThe supervision of the laboratory studies by Gustavo Henrique Bueno Duarte at Thomson Mass Spectrometry Laboratory–Campinas State Universit

Winter is coming:Hibernation reverses the outcome of sperm competition in a fly

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Sperm commonly compete within females to fertilize ova, but research has focused on short-term sperm storage: sperm that are maintained in a female for only a few days or weeks before use. In nature, females of many species store sperm for months or years, often during periods of environmental stress, such as cold winters. Here we examine the outcome of sperm competition in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, simulating the conditions in which females survive winter. We mated females to two males and then stored the female for up to 120 days at 4°C. We found that the outcome of sperm competition was consistent when sperm from two males was stored for 0, 1 or 30 days, with the last male to mate fathering most of the offspring. However, when females were stored in the cold for 120 days, the last male to mate fathered less than 5% of the offspring. Moreover, when sperm were stored long term the first male fathered almost all offspring even when he carried a meiotic driving sex chromosome that drastically reduces sperm competitive success under short-term storage conditions. This suggests that long-term sperm storage can radically alter the outcome of sperm competition.This work was funded by NERC (grants NE/H015604/1 to TP and NE/I0277/11/1 to NW and TP), and a Genetics Society (a Genes and Development Summer Studentship to AC and TP). We thank Rudi Verspoor and Chloe Heys for laboratory assistance. We would also like to thank our reviewers for their excellent and insightful suggestions, which improved this manuscript

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento de Magdalena y Municipio de Ciénaga.

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamento de Magdalena y Municipio de Ciénaga.El abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia implica utilizar herramientas como la imagen y la narrativa para poder comprender los impactos psicosociales en cada contexto, la posición subjetiva que ha decidido optar cada persona ya sea como víctima o sobreviviente y significados alternos de la violencia, toda este serie de factores permiten a los profesionales realizar intervenciones que vayan en pro de mejor la calidad de vida de comunidades y personas. Además, la narrativa permite crear acciones encaminadas a brindar apoyo en las situaciones de crisis, comprendiendo a través de esta herramienta los pensamientos y emociones de las víctimas, creando también estrategias que permitan a cada persona reconocer las herramientas personales para afrontar la situación expresada y lograr un impacto psicosocial. Este trabajo presenta el análisis colaborativo de diferentes casos, donde se reconocen todos los factores psicosociales que rodean cada situación, llegando al conceso donde se escogió el caso de Modesto Pacayá para profundizar en él, creando un grupo de preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas que permitieron una confrontación, generar ideas, explorar recursos personales, habilidades y potencialidades que llevan a una independencia y emprender un proyecto de vida, logrando así a pensar no como víctima sino como un sobreviviente. También se profundiza en el caso de las comunidades de Cacarica, en donde cada estudiante aporto una serie de reflexiones desde la psicología, proponiendo estrategias de acompañamiento, con el fin de comprender la importancia de este en la salud mental de las poblaciones o comunidades afectadas por la violencia. El presente trabajo permite a los estudiantes desarrollar un pensamiento crítico e investigativo, apoderarse de las herramientas de intervención psicosocial en el contexto de violencia, teniendo en cuenta que actualmente Colombia pasa por un proceso de postconflicto en donde muchas poblaciones requieren del acompañamiento de profesionales para poder afrontar su realidad, descubrir sus recursos personales y emprende una nueva vida. Se requiere para lo anterior personal capacitado, con ética, respeto, empatía y vocación para poder contribuir al cambio social en este país, desde la psicología se podrán lograr grandes contribuciones, teniendo en cuenta que se busca fortalecer a las víctimas, y usar esas herramientas que logran la participación de las personas y a la vez una transformación social en donde todos se incluyen sin ser rechazados y estigmatizados sino reconociendo las habilidades y capacidades de cada persona desde la subjetividad.The psychosocial approach in scenarios of violence implies using tools such as image and narrative in order to understand the psychosocial impacts in each context, the subjective position that each person has decided to choose either as a victim or survivor and alternate meanings of violence, all this A series of factors allow professionals to carry out interventions that are in favor of improving the quality of life of communities and people. In addition, the narrative allows the creation of actions aimed at providing support in crisis situations, including through this tool the thoughts and emotions of the victims, also creating strategies that allow each person to recognize personal tools to face the situation expressed and achieve psychosocial impact This paper presents the collaborative analysis of different cases, where all the psychosocial factors that surround each situation are recognized, arriving at the concession where Modesto Pacayá case was chosen to deepen it, creating a group of strategic, circular and reflective questions that allowed a confrontation, generate ideas, explore personal resources, skills and potentialities that lead to independence and undertake a life project, thus managing to think not as a victim but as a survivor. It also deepens in the case of the communities of Cacarica, where each student contributed a series of reflections from psychology, proposing support strategies, in order to understand the importance of this in the mental health of the populations or communities affected by the violence. This paper allows students to develop a critical and investigative thinking, seize the tools of psychosocial intervention in the context of violence, considering that Colombia is currently going through a post-conflict process where many populations require the accompaniment of professionals to be able to face your reality, discover your personal resources and embark on a new life. For the above, trained personnel with ethics, respect, empathy and vocation are required to contribute to social change in this country, from psychology great contributions can be made, taking into account that it seeks to strengthen the victims, and use those tools that achieve the participation of people and at the same time a social transformation where all are included without being rejected and stigmatized but by recognizing the abilities and abilities of each person from the subjectivity

Programa de auditoría interna al sistema de gestión de la calidad e inocuidad ISO 22000: 2018 de productos alimenticios la estrella gourmet.

Programa de auditoria ajustado de la fase 3 del cursoEn el desarrollo de esta auditoria la organización Productos Alimenticios Estrella Gourmet en la línea Salsa Miel- mostaza, ha gestionado constantemente implementar el SGIA con el fin de tener en cuenta los planes y normativas reguladoras en inocuidad alimentaria como lo son la adaptación del Plan HACCP, sistema de gestión (ISO 22000:2018), sistema de gestión ambiental ISO 14001:2015 y ISO 19011:2018, ha realizado auditorías las cuales se han soportado en el diseño de programas de auditoría, teniendo en cuenta acciones de verificación del estado del sistema de gestión. En esta oportunidad, se realiza un plan de auditoria respaldándonos en la norma ISO 22000:2018 donde se identificaron los siguientes 8 hallazgos, para esto es necesario que se plantean las oportunidades mejora continua del sistema de gestión, enfocándose en garantizar la calidad alimentaria del proceso y que estos resultados obtenidos sean un insumo importante en la mejora de los procesos implementados por Productos Alimenticios La Estrella Gourmet en su sistema de gestión de la calidad e inocuidad alimentaria.In the development of this audit, the organization Productos Alimenticios Estrella Gourmet in the Honey-mustard Sauce line, has constantly managed to implement the SGIA in order to take into account the regulatory plans and regulations in food safety, such as the adaptation of the HACCP Plan, management system (ISO 22000:2018), environmental management system ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 19011:2018, has carried out audits which have been supported in the design of audit programs, taking into account actions to verify the state of the system management. In this opportunity, an audit plan is carried out, supporting us in the ISO 22000:2018 standard, where the following 8 findings were identified, for this is necessary to consider opportunities for they continuous improvement of the management system, focusing on guaranteeing the food safety of the process and the obtained results will be an important input in the improvement of implemented processes by Productos Alimenticios La Estrella Gourmet in its quality management and food safety system

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London