DentalDesign, Clínica Dental

El presente trabajo, es un Plan de Marketing, basado en la apertura de una clínica dental denominado “DentalDesign”, en la ciudad de Tacna. La razón por la que se ha elegido este tema para realizar un proyecto de negocio es porque se considera que el mundo de la odontología es interesante a la hora de emprender un negocio ya que abarca todo tipo de público, siendo un servicio básico con el inconveniente que el sistema nacional de salud no abarca por completo los servicios de la odontología, siendo así de gran ventaja para la viabilidad de la apertura de la clínica dental. La clínica dental estará ubicada en la provincia de Tacna, a pesar de las numerosas clínicas dentales existentes en la ciudad, pocos ofrecen un servicio personalizado a cada cliente, ofreciendo una amplia gama de servicios, ofertado a todos los públicos. Para poder realizar el plan de negocio, se llevara a cabo un análisis de su viabilidad tanto económico como técnico del proyecto describiendo todas las operaciones necesarias para la puesta en funcionamiento de la empresa. Para llevar a cabo este plan de negocio se estudiara el sector nacional como chileno, un nivel micro entorno, estudiando las fuerzas que interactúan en el sector de la odontología. También se estudiarán las debilidades y fortalezas del proyecto como sus amenazas y oportunidades del entorno. Por otro lado se definirá la misión, visión, objetivos del proyecto y realizaremos un estudio detallado del organigrama y un análisis del puesto de trabajo, junto con un plan de marketing detallado. Por ultimo realizaremos un estudio de viabilidad económica del proyecto en el plano económico-financiero, poniendo énfasis en el estudio de marketing y de publicidad como pilares clave para la construcción del trabajo.Tesi

Adopting educational robotics and coding to open dialogic spaces in lower secondary education

This article explores how the adoption of educational robotics, cloud-based animation software, and simplified visual programming software can provide valuable opportunities for dialogic interaction and learning. The potentialities of this type of activity are often overlooked in dialogic investigations. Based on empirical illustration, we discuss how open-ended educational tasks involving the creation of material-digital artifacts can promote the expression of the students' voices and the emergence of a dialogic space in which both human and non-human Others, as well as chronotropic dynamics and materiality, play a crucial role. To provide a polyphonic account of the dialogical processes detected, we analyzed excerpts from two group interviews with seven lower secondary school students (aged 11-12) and excerpts taken from meetings with their teacher. Our qualitative analysis shows that the technology-mediated activity provided valuable opportunities for opening a dialogic space in which the students could express their own voice in interaction with both human and non-human Others. The material world (including the virtual materiality of computer-generated objects) seems to play a twofold role. First, the resistance of the virtual and material objects can contribute to the opening of a dialogical space between the child and the world; second, the chronotopic relations seem to have an impact on the dialogic learning process. These are valid opportunities for educationally relevant dialogic interaction. They should be cultivated and supported to further advance the pedagogical value of educational robotics and coding.Peer reviewe

Identificación y Valoración de los Atributos Funcionales y Emocionales de la Marca Universitaria del área de Ciencias Empresariales de la Ciudad de Tacna 2017

Dentro de un contexto actual globalizado, con una sociedad más exigente y con mayor acceso a la información; muchas instituciones de educación superior empiezan a preocuparse por la percepción que tiene la sociedad acerca de ellas. Es así que estas orientan recursos para impulsar estrategias de marketing, con el fin de captar, conservar y aumentar la cartera de clientes otorgándoles satisfacción y creando un valor superior. En ese sentido, para lograr que la estrategia sea exitosa, es importante conocer y comprender el comportamiento del consumidor, así como los atributos funcionales y emocionales, al momento de valorizar los servicios que ofrece una marca universitaria. Es por este motivo que el estudio denominado “Identificación y valoración de los atributos funcionales y emocionales de la marca universitaria del área de Ciencias Empresariales de la ciudad de Tacna 2017” tiene como objetivo descubrir los factores funcionales y emocionales de la marca universitaria considerados relevantes por el estudiante, al momento de valorar el servicio educativo de pre-grado. Esta investigación es de carácter descriptiva, ya que permite medir la información recolectada para luego describir, analizar e interpretar sistemáticamente las características del fenómeno estudiado. Es preciso señalar también que el diseño de investigación es de tipo no experimental, dado que es un estudio objetivo y sistemático en el que no se manipula la variable a investigar, y que será desarrollada en un único momento en el tiempo. A través de la aplicación de las encuestas, los adolescentes señalaron que el atributo emocional más valorado es “el prestigio de la institución” con el 27% seguido de seguridad laboral/empleabilidad con un 15%. En cuanto al atributo funcional más valorado por los adolescentes, fue “la malla curricular” con un 27% seguido de “infraestructura” con un 17%. En ese sentido, el 49% de los encuestados considera que un atributo emocional es más relevante que el atributo funcional. Mientras que contrariamente el 30% de los encuestados considera que un atributo funcional es más relevante que un atributo emocional y el 21% considera que ambos tipos de atributos son igual de relevantes.Tesi

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication