NEW EVALUATION TOOLS FOR MEETING THE EU DIRECTIVE ON AIR POLLUTION LIMITS

The air quality in Sweden is strongly influenced by the geographic location and the climate in the northern part of Europe. During wintertime, the temperature is often below zero degree and rain and snow are common which cause slippery roads and needs for house heating. For anti-skid treatment, studded tyres and sand are frequently used which create a lot of road wear particles. Residential wood combustion is a common primary or supplementary spac

Servicios urbanos integrados para las ciudades europeas: el ejemplo de Estocolmo

El concepto de servicio hidrometeorológico, climático y medioambiental urbano integrado ha sido propuesto por la OMM para satisfacer las necesidades futuras de sus Miembros, especialmente para lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas. UrbanSIS en Estocolmo es una excelente demostración de una iniciativa de integración de diversas disciplinas científicas de una forma holística e innovadora. Los modelos meteorológicos, de calidad del aire e hidrológicos se usan para proporcionar datos de alta resolución espacial (1 km) y temporal (15 minutos a 1 hora) para el diseño y la planificación urbanas de manera vanguardista y ecocéntrica. La iniciativa de la OMM se emprendió cooperativamente y en colaboración con otras ciudades –Bolonia y Rotterdam– para desarrollar y generalizar eficientemente su capacidad. La OMM está siguiendo la Guía para los servicios hidrometeorológicos, climáticos y medioambientales urbanos integrados, Parte 1: Concepto y Metodología con ejemplos adicionales de ciudades de muestra con la mayor diversidad económica, geográfica y de riesgos

Frustration Tolerance and Personality Traits in Patients With Substance Use Disorders

Previous research has suggested the prevalence of certain personality traits, some of which are related to a disorganized attachment, in substance abuse disorders. Further, frustration tolerance (FT) has been proposed as an important factor in addiction, both at the inception—following the “self-medication” hypothesis—and regarding treatment compliance. In turn, an inadequate response to frustrating events has been also associated with a disrupted attachment. Our goal is to explore the mediational role of FT in the relationship between personality traits and two different treatments for substance addiction: therapeutic community (TC) and ambulatory treatment (AT). Eighty-four subjects with substance abuse disorder were recruited in total (22 female), including 46 volunteers (13 female) in TC and 38 (9 female) in AT. They were assessed with Rosenzweig’s test for FT and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) test to evaluate personality factors. By comparing with a control sample (335 volunteers, 268 female), we found that FT was lower in patients. Between therapeutic groups, FT was significantly lower in TC. Depressive, antisocial, sadistic, negativistic, schizotypal, borderline, paranoid, anxiety, dysthymia, alcohol use, drug use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thought disorder, and delusional disorder traits were suggestive of pathology in the clinical samples and were significantly different between control, AT, and TC groups. Further, anxiety and PTSD traits were higher in TC than in AT. A mediational analysis revealed that the effect of anxiety and PTSD scales on therapeutic group was partially mediated by FT. In conclusion, FT and its interplay with personality traits commonly related to disorganized attachment (anxiety and PTSD) might be important factors to consider within therapeutic programs for persons with substance addiction.We also acknowledge the collaboration of the users and personnel of Fundación Proyecto Hombre Navarra and Asociación Proyecto Hombre Granada for making possible this research. This project was funded by Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Navarra (grant number 70721) and the Spanish Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (2016/057)

Relationshantering i försäkringsmarknadsföring : fem företags erfarenheter

Marknadsföring Försäkringar ; Marknadsföring Finansiella tjänster ; Insurance marketing