«La táctica se invierte debiendo ser de afuera para adentro» Ex forjistas exiled in Montevideo and their early attempt of neoperonism in the Argentinian context of the revolución libertadora (1955-1958)

En septiembre de 1955, apenas consumado el golpe de Estado que derrocó a Juan Domingo Perón, el presidente del Partido Peronista, Alejandro Leloir, al saludar al gobierno de facto, declaró que el movimiento peronista iniciaba «una marcha sin andadores». La llamativa formulación aludía a su percepción de una oportunidad para revitalizar «desde el llano» tanto el movimiento como el Partido Peronista, y dotarlos de fuerza propia. Distintos sectores políticos del peronismo se mostraron interesados en secundar la iniciativa con miras a reformular la estructura partidaria y asumir su control ante la ausencia del jefe carismático. Entre ellos, un grupo de exforjistas que integraron el gobierno bonaerense de Domingo Mercante, quienes frente a la nueva situación política del país pergeñarían un temprano intento (neo)peronista para imprimirle su impronta políticoideológica y organizativa al movimiento y al partido. Así, ensayaron varias opciones en los escenarios cambiantes, que generaron la autodenominada revolución libertadora. Inicialmente, desde el semanario. El 45, apostaron a capitalizar la continuidad institucional del partido; más tarde, desde el exilio en Uruguay, impulsaron tanto la coordinación con militares peronistas golpistas como la realización de un Congreso Postal de Exilados; por último, se inclinaron por la formación de un frente electoral del que saldrían notablemente desfavorecidos.In September 1955, just after the coup that overthrew Juan Domingo Perón, the president of the Peronist Party, Alejandro Leloir, claimed when greeting the de facto government, that the Peronist movement was beginning a march “without walkers”. The striking statement envisaged an opportunity to revitalize both the movement and the Peronist Party from below and provide them with their own power. Different Peronist political sectors were interested in supporting the initiative in order to reformulate the party structure and assume control in the absence of the charismatic leader. Among them, there was a group of exforjistas who were part of the government of the Buenos Aires province while Domingo Mercante was in office. In view of the new political situation they made an early (neo) peronist attempt to imprint their political-ideological and organizational mark to the movement and the party. So, they tested several options in the changing scenarios that generated the self called Revolución Libertadora. Initially, they tried to capitalize party institutional continuity from the weekly magazine “El 45”, and later, from exile in Uruguay, they encouraged both the coordination with Peronist military who supported the coup and the creation of an Exiles Postal Congress. Finally, they attempted to constitute an electoral front, which, in turn, would leave them significantly disadvantaged.Fil: Contreras, Gustavo Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Historia. Centro de Estudios Históricos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Delia María. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Historia. Centro de Estudios Históricos; Argentin

Impacto de la publicidad en los hábitos alimenticios en los niños = Impact of advertising on children's eating habits

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el impacto de la publicidad en los hábitos alimenticios en niños. Metodología descriptiva – cuantitativa y la encuesta como técnica de investigación; los su­jetos de estudio fueron niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años de edad. Se tomó como universo escuela pública de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. El tamaño de la muestra consta de 176 alumnos, del ciclo escolar 2014 – 2015. Resultados: se percibe que la publicidad impacta en los hábitos alimenticios de los niños, al mostrar signos de ser persuadidos por las diversas marcas y comerciales de productos no saludables. Se demostró influencia por la publicidad de comida chatarra, toman decisiones erróneas en cuanto a los alimentos con alto valor nutricional. En la categoría de los medios masivos de comunica­ción, encontramos que el 94% de los niños respondieron que les gusta ver televisión; mientras que la frecuencia para verla es de 1 a 2 horas al día, de acuerdo al 76%. Conclusión: los medios cambian actitudes en el público, de manera que esto se aprecia en los prejuicios, los estereotipos, u otro tipo de problemas sociales como la obesidad.Palabras clave: Impacto; publicidad; hábitos alimenticios; salud pública.Abstract: The objective of the research is to determine the impact of advertising on children’s eating habits. Des­criptive - quantitative methodology and the survey as a research technique. The study subjects were boys and girls from 9 to 12 years of age. It was taken as public school universe of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. The sample size consists of 176 students, from the 2014 - 2015 school year. Results: it is perceived that advertising impacts on the eating habits of children, by showing signs of being persua­ded by the various brands and commercials of unhealthy products. It was shown to influence the adver­tising of junk food, make wrong decisions regarding foods with high nutritional value. In the category of the mass media, we found that 94% of the children answered that they like to watch television; while the frequency to see it is 1 to 2 hours a day, according to 76%. Conclusion: the media change attitudes in the public, so that this is seen in prejudices, stereotypes, or other social problems such as obesity.Keywords: Impact; advertising; eating habits; public health

West Nile Virus Isolation from Equines in Argentina, 2006

West Nile virus (WNV) was isolated from the brains of 3 horses that died from encephalitis in February 2006. The horses were from different farms in central Argentina and had not traveled outside the country. This is the first isolation of WNV in South America

Los microorganismos que habitan los bañados de desborde fluvial como indicadores de los efectos de la urbanización y la actividad agropecuaria

Riverine wetlands play an integral role in the ecology of river basins and their self-purification capacity. The anthropic demand for space and water jeopardizes its biota and the ecosystem benefits they provide. The objectives of this work were to analyze the assemblages of microorganisms that inhabit riverine wetlands, relate their variations to anthropogenic impact and evaluate how the microbiota can be an indicator of these environmental changes. The assemblages of benthic diatoms, phytoplankton, zooplankton, ostracods and fungi of four riverine wetlands were studied: two of peri-urban location with agricultural and horticultural land use (Del Gato and Carnaval), and two of rural location and livestock land use (Cajaravillas and Chubichaminí). In most of the groups the differences in relation to geographical location were clearly expressed, resulting in two kind of assemblages: rural (with more species sensitive to pollution and eutrophication) and peri-urban (with more species highly tolerant to pollution and eutrophication). In the latter, both the participation of the main taxonomic groups and the trophic levels were more restricted and related to the detritivorous path over the photosynthetic one, and the strategies to face water stress were emphasized. The results show the effects of human pressure, the importance that microorganisms acquire and the need of adequate use of the territory plans to avoid the loss of functions and benefits of these environments.Los bañados de desborde fluvial (BDF) desempeñan un papel integral en la ecología de las cuencas fluviales y en su capacidad de autodepuración. La demanda antrópica de espacio y agua pone en riesgo su biota y los beneficios ecosistémicos que brindan. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron analizar los ensambles de microorganismos que habitan en BDF, relacionar sus variaciones al impacto antrópico y evaluar cómo la microbiota puede ser indicadora de estos cambios ambientales. Se estudiaron los ensambles de diatomeas bentónicas, fitoplancton, zooplancton, ostrácodos y hongos de cuatro BDF: dos de ubicación periurbana con uso del suelo agrícola y hortícola (Del Gato y Carnaval), y dos de ubicación rural y uso ganadero (Cajaravillas y Chubichaminí). En la mayoría de los grupos las diferencias vinculadas a la ubicación geográfica se expresaron claramente, resultando en una agrupación de ensambles en: BDF rurales (con un número de especies sensibles a la contaminación y a la eutrofización comparativamente mayor) y BDF periurbanos (donde fueron más importantes las especies muy tolerantes a la contaminación y a la eutrofización). En estos últimos, tanto la participación de los grandes grupos taxonómicos como los niveles tróficos estuvieron más restringidos y relacionados a la vía detritívora por sobre la fotosintética, y allí también se acentuaron las estrategias para afrontar el estrés hídrico. Los resultados evidencian los efectos de la presión humana, la importancia que adquieren los microorganismos y la necesidad de una planificación adecuada del uso del territorio para evitar la pérdida de funciones y beneficios en estos ambientes

Safety and preliminary efficacy on cognitive performance and adaptive functionality of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in children with Down syndrome. A randomized phase Ib clinical trial (PERSEUS study)

Purpose: Although some caregivers are using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) off label in hopes of improving cognition in young adults with Down syndrome (DS), nothing is known about its safety, tolerability, and efficacy in the DS pediatric population. We aimed to evaluate safety and tolerability of a dietary supplement containing EGCG and if EGCG improves cognitive and functional performance. Methods: A total of 73 children with DS (aged 6-12 years) were randomized. Participants received 0.5% EGCG (10 mg/kg daily dose) or placebo for 6 months with 3 months follow up after treatment discontinuation. Results: In total, 72 children were treated and 66 completed the study. A total of 38 participants were included in the EGCG group and 35 in the placebo group. Of 72 treated participants, 62 (86%) had 229 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). Of 37 participants in the EGCG group, 13 (35%) had 18 drug-related treatment-emergent AEs and 12 of 35 (34%) from the placebo group had 22 events. In the EGCG group, neither severe AEs nor increase in the incidence of AEs related to safety biomarkers were observed. Cognition and functionality were not improved compared with placebo. Secondary efficacy outcomes in girls point to a need for future work. Conclusion: The use of EGCG is safe and well-tolerated in children with DS, but efficacy results do not support its use in this population. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Miedo a la COVID-19, características sociodemográficas y de vulnerabilidad en adultos del Norte y Sur de México

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic continues to be an unprecedented public health problem worldwide for both sick and healthy people. Objective: Determine the association between the fear of COVID-19 with the socio-demographic characteristics and the status of vulnerability. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. Sample: 197 participants 18 or older who belong to community-care centers in Monterrey, Nuevo León and Minatitlan, Veracruz. Intentional sampling. Instrument used: Fear of COVID-19 scale. Data assessment was performed with SPSS version 22, using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Fear of COVID-19 was associated with the person’s sex, but not with the status of vulnerability and the other socio-demographic variables such as age, schooling, employment status, and place of residence. Conclusion: Based on the purpose of the study, it was found that only the sex variable was associated with fear of COVID-19. More men than women reported having less fear, which may explain the higher prevalence of this disease in this population group.  Introducción: La pandemia de COVID 19, continúa siendo un problema de salud pública sin precedentes en todo el mundo tanto en las personas enfermas y sanas.Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el miedo al COVID-19 con las características sociodemográficas y el estado de vulnerabilidad.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Muestra: 197 participantes a partir de 18 años pertenecientes a centros de atención comunitaria de Monterrey, Nuevo León y Minatitlán, Veracruz. Muestreo intencional. Instrumento: Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el SPSS versión 22, recurriendo al empleo de estadística descriptiva e inferencial.Resultados: El miedo a la COVID-19 se asoció con el sexo, mas no con el estado de vulnerabilidad y las otras variables sociodemográficas como la edad, escolaridad, situación laboral y lugar de residencia.Conclusión: Con base al propósito del estudio se encontró que únicamente el sexo se asocia con el miedo a la COVID-19. Mas hombres que mujeres reportaron tener menos miedo, lo que puede explicar las principales prevalencias de esta enfermedad en este grupo poblacional

Spatial variation in abundance of the junin virus hosts in endemic and nonendemic Argentine haemorrhagic fever zones

Fil: Polop, Jaime J. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina.Fil: Calderón, Gladys. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina.Fil: Feuillade, María Rosa. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina.Fil: Garcia, Jorge. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina.Fil: Enria, Delia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina.Fil: Sabattini, Marta S. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas; Argentina.Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) is caused by Junin (JUN) virus, which is hosted by the drylands vesper mouse (Calomys musculinus). In this work we monitored population abundance of C. musculinus and rodent assemblages for 3 years in and outside the AHF endemic zones (northern Buenos Aires, southern Córdoba and Santa Fe Provinces, Argentina). The study area was divided into endemic and nonendemic zones. In the endemic zone epidemic sites were recognized, characterized by recent emergence and maintenance of AHF cases, and also historical sites, characterized by decreased incidence or disappearance of AHF human cases. In the nonendemic zone AHF has never been recognized. Although differences were statistically significant only during some periods, population abundance of C. musculinus was usually lower in the nonendemic sites. The pattern and magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in C. musculinus populations were also distinct in the nonendemic sites as compared to endemic sites. The relative abundance of C. musculinus in rodent assemblage was lower in nonendemic sites than in the endemic sites. The lower population densities and dampened seasonal dynamics may be at least partly responsible for the absence of AHF cases in the nonendemic zone. It is suggested that the balance between intra and interspecific interactions might be the cause of the pattern of incidence and prevalence of pathogens in the host species