High pH microbial ecosystems in a newly discovered, ephemeral, serpentinizing fluid seep at YanartaÅŸ (Chimera), Turkey

Gas seeps emanating from ophiolites at Yanartaş (Chimaera), Turkey, have been documented for thousands of years. Active serpentinization produces hydrogen and a range of carbon gases that may provide fuel for life. Here we report a newly discovered, ephemeral fluid seep emanating from a small gas vent at Yanartaş. Fluids and biofilms were sampled at the source and points downstream. We describe site conditions, and provide microbiological data in the form of enrichment cultures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of solids, and PCR screens of nitrogen cycle genes. Source fluids are pH 11.95, with a Ca:Mg of ~200, and sediments under the ignited gas seep measure 60°C. Collectively, these data suggest the fluid is the product of active serpentinization at depth. Source sediments are primarily calcite and alteration products (chlorite and montmorillonite). Downstream, biofilms are mixed with montmorillonite. SEM shows biofilms distributed homogeneously with carbonates. Organic carbon accounts for 60% of the total carbon at the source, decreasing downstream to <15% as inorganic carbon precipitates. δ13C ratios of the organic carbon fraction of solids are depleted (−25 to −28 ‰) relative to the carbonates (−11 to −20‰). We conclude that heterotrophic processes are dominant throughout the surface ecosystem, and carbon fixation may be key down channel. δ15N ratios ~ 3‰, and absence of nifH in extracted DNA suggest that nitrogen fixation is not occurring in sediments. However, the presence of narG and nirS at most locations and in enrichments indicates genomic potential for nitrate and nitrite reduction. This small seep with shallow run-off is likely ephemeral, but abundant preserved microterracettes in the outflow and the surrounding area suggest it has been present for some time. This site and others like it present an opportunity for investigations of preserved deep biosphere signatures, and subsurface-surface interactions

Medición y análisis de la audiencia de emisora comunitaria en el Municipio de San Gil

Desde sus inicios, la radio comunitaria tuvo muchas dificultades para desarrollarse debido a la insuficiente inversión económica que recibió del sector privado y público. Aun cuando el valor de dicha asistencia no sea verdaderamente significativo, su importancia en las comunidades ha generado valiosos resultados pedagógicos y sociales. Con esto en mente, la actual investigación partió del planteamiento de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los mejores horarios que puede utilizar la emisora para la venta de espacios publicitarios, que permitan una mayor incidencia en la vida de las comunidades sonoras y así, lograr una mayor audiencia? El principal objetivo de la investigación fue medir y analizar las audiencias locales de los diferentes programas radiales de la Emisora Comunitaria de San Gil, Santander. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo descriptivo, aplicando una encuesta basada en el documento del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones titulado Manual metodológico para la medición y análisis local de audiencias de las emisoras comunitarias en Colombia: “Analizar audiencias construir nuestros sueñosâ€, encuesta que aplicada a los habitantes mayores de 15 años del Municipio de San Gil. Con la aplicación de la encuesta se logró detectar un promedio de 13 emisoras de índole nacional y local que cuentan con una gran audiencia. También, se identificó que la emisora comercial (con un porcentaje del 42,96% de los encuestados) es la principal competencia de la emisora estudiada (con un porcentaje del 23,71%)

Physical Properties of Cucurbita Ficifolia Seed and Functional Properties of Whole and Defatted Meal

The aim of this research was to describe some physical properties of Cucurbita ficifolia seeds and evaluate the effect of defatting on C. ficifolia seed meal functional properties. Geometric diameter was 8.05 mm, arithmetic diameter was 10.61 mm, sphericity was 45.36%, aspect ratio was 64.29%, surface area was 204.08 mm2, volume was 187.44 mm3, true density was 0.51 Kg/m3, porosity was 31.81% and hardness was 6.23 N. Defatted C. ficifolia seed meal presented a content of protein (70.36 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (13.18 g/100 g). The defatted meal had higher water absorption capacity (2.94 g H2O/g sample), water solubility capacity (34.08 %), oil absorption capacity (2.97 g oil /g sample), emulsifying capacity (24.93%), foaming capacity (30.33%) and better foam stability (from 20 to 60 min) than the whole meal. The high protein content of defatted seed meal, suggests its use as a natural alternative ingredient in numerous food industry applications

Measurement of D-s(+) product ion and nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV

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Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

We report the transverse energy (ET) measured with ALICE at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The transverse energy was measured using identified single-particle tracks. The measurement was cross checked using the electromagnetic calorimeters and the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles previously reported by ALICE. The results are compared to theoretical models as well as to results from other experiments. The mean ET per unit pseudorapidity (eta), , in 0%-5% central collisions is 1737 +/- 6(stat.) +/- 97(sys.) GeV. We find a similar centrality dependence of the shape of as a function of the number of participating nucleons to that seen at lower energies. The growth in at the LHC energies exceeds extrapolations of low-energy data. We observe a nearly linear scaling of with the number of quark participants. With the canonical assumption of a 1 fm/c formation time, we estimate that the energy density in 0%-5% central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV is 12.3 +/- 1.0 GeV/fm(3) and that the energy density at the most central 80 fm(2) of the collision is at least 21.5 +/- 1.7 GeV/fm(3). This is roughly 2.3 times that observed in 0%-5% central Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV.Peer reviewe

D-meson production in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at root S=7 TeV

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Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV

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J/Psi suppression at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The inclusive J/Psi production has been studied in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root sNN= 5.02TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/Psi meson is reconstructed, in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 <y <4and in the transverse- momentum range p(T)<12GeV/c, via its decay to a muon pair. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive J/Psi cross section in pp collisions at root s= 5.02TeV and on the nuclear modification factor R-AA. The latter is presented as a function of the centrality of the collision and, for central collisions, as a function of the transverse momentum p(T) of the J/Psi. The measured R-AA values indicate a suppression of the J/Psi in nuclear collisions and are then compared to our previous results obtained in Pb-Pb collisions at root sNN= 2.76TeV. The ratio of the R-AA values at the two energies is also computed and compared to calculations of statistical and dynamical models. The numerical value of the ratio for central events (0-10% centrality) is 1.17 +/- 0.04( stat)+/- 0.20(syst). In central events, as a function of p(T), a slight increase of R-AA with collision energy is visible in the region 2 <p(T)<6GeV/c. Theoretical calculations qualitatively describe the measurements, within uncertainties. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

phi-Meson production at forward rapidity in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at root s=2.76 TeV

The first study of phi-meson production in p-Pb collisions at forward and backward rapidity, at a nucleonnucleon centre-of-mass energy root s(NN)= 5.02 TeV, has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The phi-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the transverse momentum (p(T)) range 1 <p(T) <7GeV/c, both in the p-going (2.03 <y <3.53) and the Pb-going (-4.46 <y <-2.96) directions - where ystands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass - the integrated luminosity amounting to 5.01 +/- 0.19nb(-1) and 5.81 +/- 0.20nb(-1), respectively, for the two data samples. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity are presented. The forward-backward ratio for f-meson production is measured for 2.96Peer reviewe

Azimuthally Differential Pion Femtoscopy in Pb-Pb Collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

We present the first azimuthally differential measurements of the pion source size relative to the second harmonic event plane in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of root(NN)-N-s = 2.76 TeV. The measurements have been performed in the centrality range 0%-50% and for pion pair transverse momenta 0.2 <k(T) <0.7 GeV/c. We find that the R-side and R-out radii, which characterize the pion source size in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the pion transverse momentum, oscillate out of phase, similar to what was observed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The final-state source eccentricity, estimated via R-side oscillations, is found to be significantly smaller than the initial-state source eccentricity, but remains positive-indicating that even after a stronger expansion in the in-plane direction, the pion source at the freeze-out is still elongated in the out-of-plane direction. The 3 + 1D hydrodynamic calculations are in qualitative agreement with observed centrality and transverse momentum R-side oscillations, but systematically underestimate the oscillation magnitude.Peer reviewe