Lost in translation - The Multinational Corporation’s Corporate Branding Struggle

Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what impact a multinational corporation’s diverse national cultures has on the corporate branding process, in order to further develop practices and theories pertaining to the management of corporate brands. Methodology A qualitative approach with an explorative nature, applied to a single case study with embedded units using pattern matching in the analysis of secondary data, and cross-case synthesis in the analysis of primary data. Theoretical Perspective The literature used has foundation in marketing theory pertaining to corporate branding and corporate brand management. These theories are complemented by organizational theory pertaining to human resource management and theory on national cultural characteristics. Empirical Data The empirical data consists of a pilot study put together from empirical observation, internal documents which were used as secondary data as well as transcribed semi-structured interviews. Conclusions The alignment of a corporate brand identity is crucial in implementing a consistent corporate brand throughout a MNC. Corporate brand identity alignment may be facilitated by examining the national cultural tendencies of the corporate brand

Why Pay When You Can Get It For Free? A quantitative study of the competition on the web-based music market in Sweden

SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING Titel: Why Pay When You Can Get It For Free? A quantitative study of the web-based music industry Seminariedatum: 4 juni 2014 Kurs: FEKH19 Kandidatkurs i Strategic Management, 15 Hp Författare: Erika Fredriksson, Louise Klintner, Evelina Wennerberg Handledare: Christine Blomquist Nyckelord: Web-based music services, Buyer switching costs, Sampling, Willingness to pay, Versioning, Bundling, Consumer surplus, Network effects Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka konkurrensen på den webbaserade musikmarknaden i Sverige. Metod: Undersökningen består av en kvantitativ studie baserad på empirisk data som vi samlat in via enkäter online. Enkäten består av maximalt 17 frågor, som är skrivna baserade på relevanta teorier. Vår data analyserades med hjälp av det statistiska programmet SPSS, med syfte att testa våra tre hypoteser. Teoretiska perspektiv: En intressant paradox angående konsumtion av webbaserad musik är att det verkar som att konsumenter oberoende av ålder och inkomstnivå väljer att betala för webbaserad musik, trots att musiken finns tillgänglig kostnadsfritt på marknaden. Det finns många teorier i ämnet om konkurrens på en sådan marknad. Samtidigt som vissa forskare påstår att konkurrens kan förklaras genom traditionella teorier, argumenterar andra att detta är en marknad där nya affärsmodeller bör utvecklas. Några återkommande begrepp i dessa teorier är t.ex. buyer switching costs, betalningsvilja för musik samt huruvida de webbaserade musiktjänsterna associeras med nätverkseffekter. Dessa koncept ligger som teoretisk grund för detta arbete. Empiri: Vår population består av personer mellan åldrarna 18-29 år som bor i Sverige och använder minst en webbaserad musiktjänst. Vi räknade ut vår urvalsstorlek på 271 personer med en 90 % konfidensnivå med en felmarginal på 5 %. Enkäten distribuerades via Facebook, och vi fick till slut 263 svar. Sammanfattning: Denna studie ska ses som en pilotstudie, och vi ämnar inte generalisera på hela vår population. Vår empiriska data som testas mot våra hypoteser, kan indikera att konkurrensen på den webbaserade musikmarknaden i Sverige inte är baserad enbart på pris, utan snarare på andra faktorer som konsumentnytta trots att musik finns att tillgå i princip gratis.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Title: Why Pay When You Can Get It For Free? A quantitative study of the web-based music industry Seminar date: 4 of June, 2014 Topic/Course: FEKH19 Bachelors Thesis in Strategic Management, 15 University Credits Points (UPC) or ECTS-credits) Authors: Erika Fredriksson, Louise Klintner, Evelina Wennerberg Advisor: Christine Blomquist Key words: Web-based music services, Buyer switching costs, Sampling, Willingness to pay, Versioning, Bundling, Consumer surplus, Network effects Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the competition on the web-based music market in Sweden. Methodology: The research consists of a quantitative study based on empirical data collected through electronically distributed surveys. The survey consists of a maximum of 17 questions (the survey varied in length depending on what the respondent answered), which were written based on theories relevant to the purpose. The data was analyzed through the use of the statistical program SPSS with the aim of testing three hypotheses. Theoretical perspectives: An interesting paradox when discussing web-based music consumption is that regardless of age and income levels, consumers seem to pay for web-based music despite having the ability to access it on the market virtually for free. Researchers have developed many theories on the matter of what competition could look like on such a market. Whilst some researchers claim that the competition can be explained through traditional theories, others argue that this is a market for which new business models need to be developed. A few reoccurring concepts which arise in these theories are the buyer switching costs associated with the music services, the consumers’ willingness to pay for the music and whether or not web-based music services display network effects. These concepts lay the theoretical grounds for this paper. Empirical foundation: Our population consists of people between the ages of 18-29 years who live in Sweden and use at least one web-based music service. We calculated an adequate sample size of 271 people, with a confidence level of 90 % and a margin of error of 5 %. The survey was distributed through the use of Facebook, and ultimately 263 usable responses were collected. Conclusions: The study is to be regarded as a pilot study, and we do not aim to generalize our results upon our entire population. The empirical data we have used to test our hypotheses points toward that competition on the Swedish web-based music market is not based on price alone, but rather on other factors, such as benefit, despite music being accessible virtually for free

Behavioral profiling of SLC38A10 knockout mice using the multivariate concentric square field™ test

Introduction: SLC38A10 is a gene that encodes the SLC38A10 protein, also known as SNAT10. The SLC38 family is evolutionary old, and SLC38A10 is one of the oldest members of the family. It is ubiquitously expressed, and its substrates are glutamine, glutamate, alanine, aspartate, and serine. However, little is known about its biological importance.Methods: In the current study, an SLC38A10 knockout mouse was run in the multivariate concentric square fieldTM (MCSF) test. The MCSF test gives the mouse a choice of areas to explore; sheltered areas, elevated and illuminated areas, or open spaces, and a behavioral profile is obtained. The multivariate data obtained were analyzed (i) for each parameter, (ii) parameters grouped into functional categories, and (iii) with a principal component analysis.Results: In the trend analysis, knockout mice had a decreased exploratory behavior compared to controls but did not show a distinct grouping in the principal component analysis.Discussion: There was not a pronounced difference in the behavioral profile in SLC38A10 knockout mice compared to their wild-type controls, although subtle alterations in zones associated with exploratory behavior and risk assessment in female and male knockout mice, respectively, could be observed. These results imply that a loss of function of the SLC38A10 protein in mice does not drastically alter behavior in the MSCF test

Det kreativa kunskapsföretaget - En kvalitativ fallstudie om förhållandet mellan kreativa processer och kunskapsöverföring inom en organisation

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på om det finns ett samspel mellan kreativitet och kunskapsöverföring inom organisationer, eftersom det finns olika perspektiv som kan ställas mot varandra. Frågeställningar: Hur påverkar kreativitet förutsättningarna för arbete med kunskapsdelning inom organisationer? Vilka aspekter av kunskapsöverföring mellan anställda kan påverka de kreativa processerna inom en organisation? Teori: Kreativa processer inom organisationer, kunskapsöverföring samt organisationskultur. Metod: Kvalitativ ansats, djupintervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. Slutsats: Kunskapsöverföring inom team och grupper i organisationen gör att de utvecklar en gemensam förståelse för processer och arbetssätt vilket kan gynna kreativitet genom att de anställda utvecklar know-why. Denna gemensamma förståelse kan dock hämma de kreativa processerna då mångfalden av perspektiv minskar. Kreativitetsprocesser främjas av främst tre saker; hög grad av interaktion mellan anställda inom en organisation, öppenhet i både den fysiska och sociala miljön samt de anställdas förmåga att ta egna initiativ och motivera sig själva.Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether there is a connection between creativity and knowledge transferring within organizations, since there are different perspectives that can inhibit each other. Questions at issue: How does creativity influence the knowledge transferring work within an organization? What aspects of knowledge transferring between employees could affect the creative processes within an organization? Theories: Creative processes within organizations, knowledge transferring, knowledge management and organizational culture Methods: Qualitative onset, in-depth interviews, observations and document studies Conclusions: Knowledge transferring within teams and groups in an organization creates a common understanding of processes and ways of working, which could facilitate creativity among the employees as the develop know-why. This common understanding could on the other side inhibit the creative processes since the diversity of perspectives is reduced. Creative processes are facilitated by mainly three things; high degree of interaction between employees, openness both in the physical and social environment, and the employees ability to take initiative and motivate themselves

Homogeneous antibody-based proximity extension assays provide sensitive and specific detection of low-abundant proteins in human blood

Convenient and well-performing protein detection methods for a wide range of targets are in great demand for biomedical research and future diagnostics. Assays without the need for washing steps while still unaffected when analyzing complex biological samples are difficult to develop. Herein, we report a well-characterized nucleic acid proximity-based assay using antibodies, called Proximity Extension Assay (PEA), showing good performance in plasma samples. Target-specific antibody pairs are linked to DNA strands that upon simultaneous binding to the target analyte create a real-time PCR amplicon in a proximity-dependent manner enabled by the action of a DNA polymerase. 3′Exonuclease-capable polymerases were found to be clearly superior in sensitivity over non-3′exonuclease ones. A PEA was set up for IL-8 and GDNF in a user-friendly, homogenous assay displaying femtomolar detection sensitivity, good recovery in human plasma, high specificity and up to 5-log dynamic range in 1 μL samples. Furthermore, we have illustrated the use of a macro-molecular crowding matrix in combination with this homogeneous assay to drive target binding for low-affinity antibodies, thereby improving the sensitivity and increasing affinity reagent availability by lowering assay development dependency on high-affinity antibodies. Assay performance was also confirmed for a multiplex version of PEA

Expression profile of the entire family of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in mouse and rat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Adhesion </it>G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors with long N termini. This family has 33 members in humans. Several <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs are known to have important physiological functions in CNS development and immune system response mediated by large cell surface ligands. However, the majority of <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs are still poorly studied orphans with unknown functions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study we performed the extensive tissue localization analysis of the entire <it>Adhesion </it>GPCR family in rat and mouse. By applying the quantitative real-time PCR technique we have produced comparable expression profile for each of the members in the <it>Adhesion </it>family. The results are compared with literature data and data from the Allen Brain Atlas project. Our results suggest that the majority of the <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs are either expressed in the CNS or ubiquitously. In addition the <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs from the same phylogenetic group have either predominant CNS or peripheral expression, although each of their expression profile is unique.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings indicate that many of <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs are expressed, and most probably, have function in CNS. The related <it>Adhesion </it>GPCRs are well conserved in their structure and interestingly have considerable overlap in their expression profiles, suggesting similarities among the physiological roles for members within many of the phylogenetically related clusters.</p

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Internationellt adopterade barns språk- och kunskapsutveckling utifrån ett föräldraperspektiv : Intervju med tolv stycken föräldrapar

Forskningen om internationellt adopterade barn har visat att dessa barn löper en större risk att få språkliga problem, jämfört med sina jämnåriga kamrater. Framförallt har problemen förknippats med svårigheter med abstrakt tänkande, även svårigheter med matematik har uppmärksammats. Forskning visar att de språkliga svårigheterna finns hos närmare hälften av alla internationellt adopterade och det som framkommit är att svårigheterna kan uppstå av två orsaker. De orsakerna som nämnts är i första hand den så kallade språkbrytningen medan den andra orsaken beror på brist på bra mat och uppmärksamhet som ofta uppstår på institutioner såsom exempelvis barnhem. Språksvårigheterna som kan uppstå är dock i de flesta fall möjliga att överbrygga. I detta arbete har intervjuer gjorts med tolv föräldrapar som sammanlagt har 22 internationellt adopterade barn som adopterats mellan tidigt 70-tal och 90-tal. Det som undersökts är i första hand hur många av dessa barn som upplevts haft svårigheter i sin språkliga utveckling utifrån föräldrarnas perspektiv. Intervjuresultaten har sedan jämförts med befintlig forskning och visar att resultaten som framkommit av intervjuerna stämmer bra överens med bilden som ges i forskningen. Nyckelord: internationellt adopterade, språkutveckling, kunskapsutveckling, språksvårigheter.