Gestaltung des digitalen Kulturwandels zu Open Access im Programm Hamburg Open Science: Ein Erfahrungsbericht

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Projekt ‚Gestaltung des digitalen Kulturwandels‘ des Programms ‚Hamburg Open Science‘ (HOS). Ziel dieses Projekts ist es, den digitalen Wandel hin zu mehr OA zu unterstützen. Denn um die tradierten oder persönlichen Strategien jeder Fachdisziplin und der Wissenschaftler*innen bei der Planung, Umsetzung und Veröffentlichung von Forschungsergebnissen zu verändern, bedarf es eines Kulturwandels.The paper deals with the project 'Shaping the digital cultural change' of the programme 'Hamburg Open Science' (HOS). The aim of this project is to support the digital transformation towards more OA. In order to change the traditional or personal strategies of each discipline and of the scientists in planning, implementing and publishing research results, a cultural change is needed

Methodological challenges in the transition towards online audience research

This review of the literature published between 2005 and 2014 presents an overview of the methodological environment in which audience research is transiting towards the study of online audiences. Online audience research is a mix of long-established research rationales, methodical adaptations, new venues and convergent thinking. We discuss four interconnected, and sometimes contradictory, methodological trends that characterize this current environment: 1) the expansion of online ethnography and the continued importance of contextualization, 2) the influence of big data and an emphasis on uses, 3) the reliance on mixed methods and the convergence of different rationales of research, and 4) the ambiguous nature of online data and the ethical considerations for the conduct of research. In spite of a massive research activity, there remain gaps and underprivileged areas that call for a re-prioritization of research. In the conclusion of this paper, we offer recommendations to orient future research.COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-0075

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Glucose- but Not Rice-Based Oral Rehydration Therapy Enhances the Production of Virulence Determinants in the Human Pathogen Vibrio cholerae

Despite major attempts to prevent cholera transmission, millions of people worldwide still must address this devastating disease. Cholera research has so far mainly focused on the causative agent, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, or on disease treatment, but rarely were results from both fields interconnected. Indeed, the treatment of this severe diarrheal disease is mostly accomplished by oral rehydration therapy (ORT), whereby water and electrolytes are replenished. Commonly distributed oral rehydration salts also contain glucose. Here, we analyzed the effects of glucose and alternative carbon sources on the production of virulence determinants in the causative agent of cholera, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae during in vitro experimentation. We demonstrate that virulence gene expression and the production of cholera toxin are enhanced in the presence of glucose or similarly transported sugars in a ToxR-, TcpP- and ToxT-dependent manner. The virulence genes were significantly less expressed if alternative non-PTS carbon sources, including rice-based starch, were utilized. Notably, even though glucose-based ORT is commonly used, field studies indicated that rice-based ORT performs better. We therefore used a spatially explicit epidemiological model to demonstrate that the better performing rice-based ORT could have a significant impact on epidemic progression based on the recent outbreak of cholera in Haiti. Our results strongly support a change of carbon source for the treatment of cholera, especially in epidemic settings

A review of cross-national and cross-media audience studies

UID/SOC/04647/2013The article presents a review of comparative audience research between 2005 and 2015. The selected studies include comparative research that is either cross-national or crossmedia. We examine the theoretical frameworks and methods used in current comparative audience research studies, what is compared and how, including examples of current comparative research projects. We then identify key trends in comparative audience research; in particular, we identify emerging themes and research gaps. The review of both cross-media and cross-national audience studies shows that the combination and integration of cross-media and cross-cultural approaches is an emerging theme. Additionally, the results suggest that in both areas more in-depth discussions of methods and methodologies used and the development of comprehensive theoretical frameworks are needed.publishersversionpublishe

Papel e caracterização da polifenoloxidase em hastes de ave-do-paraíso (Strelitzia reginae Ait.)

A polifenoloxidase (PPO) foi parcialmente purificada e caracterizada a partir de hastes de ave-do-paraíso. A extração da PPO com acetona pura proporcionou aumento de 2,2 vezes a atividade específica quando comparada com a extração realizada com tampão fosfato. Maior atividade da PPO foi encontrada quando a reação se processou com 4-metilcatecol a 10 mM como substrato, pH 6,0 e temperatura de 40ºC. Inibição de 96,14% da atividade foi encontrada após a préincubação do extrato enzimático em tampão com pH 2,5, por 15 minutos, a 25ºC. Extratos pré-incubados a 60ºC, por 120 minutos, tiveram redução de 68,37% na atividade da PPO. Essa redução foi maior quando a pré-incubação se realizou a 70 e 80ºC, por 10 minutos, com reduções na atividade de 85,73 e 100%, respectivamente. Inativação completa da PPO foi encontrada com a utilização dos inibidores dithiothreitol, L-cisteína, metabissulfito de sódio e β-mercaptoetanol à concentração de 1 mM

Acknowledging the dilemmas of intrusive media

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acknowledging the dilemmas of intrusive media

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Longevity of Epidendrum ibaguense inflorescences influenced by the storage temperature and ethylene inhibitor

This work had the goal to evaluate the influence of temperature and dry storage on the postharvest longevity of Epidendrum ibaguense flowers previously treated with silver thiosulfate (STS). The flowers were harvested and pulsed for 30 minutes with 2 mM STS. Then both, the STS treated and untreated flowers were packed in perforated low density polyethylene bags, packed in cardboard boxes and stored at 5 and 10°C, where they remained for four and eight days. After this period, the flowers were kept in vase with distilled water at 25ºC, and analyzed at every 24 h. The experiment was arranged in a complete random design 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, containing four inflorescences each, except for the determination of transpiration and water rates uptake, composed by sixteen replicates of one stem. The vase life of the flowers of the E. ibaguense was increased to 6.5 days when pulsed with 2 mM STS for 30 minutes, followed by storage at 10ºC for a maximum period of four days. The STS applied before the cold storage reduced the rate of flower abscission and improved the ratio between the transpiration and water uptake