A dynamic GIS as an efficient tool for Integrated Coastal Zone Management

http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/3/2/391International audienceThis contribution addresses both the role of geographical information in participatory research of coastal zones, and its potential to bridge the gap between research and coastal zone management. Over a one year period, heterogeneous data (spatial, temporal, qualitative and quantitative) were obtained which included the process of interviews, storing in a spatio-temporal database. The GIS (Geographic Information System) produced temporal snapshots of daily human activity patterns allowing it to map, identify and quantify potential space-time conflicts between activities. It was furthermore used to facilitate the exchange of ideas and knowledge at various levels: by mapping, simulation, GIS analysis and data collection. Results indicated that both captured data and the participatory workshop added real value to management and therefore it was deemed well managed by stakeholders. To incorporate a dynamic GIS would enhance pro-active integrated management by opening the path for better discussions whilst permitting management simulated scenarios

A dynamic GIS as an efficient tool for ICZM (Bay of Brest, Western France)?

International audienceThis contribution deals with the role of geographical information in participatory research concerning coastal zones and its potential to bridge the gap between research and coastal zone management. The study aims at mode-ling the interactions between human activities in a maritime basin. A dynamic GIS is used as a tool to facilitate the exchange of points of view and to share knowledge. Geographic information technologies are used at several levels: data collection, GIS analysis, mapping, and simulations. The results show that the GIS-based capture data is well managed by the stakeholders who are interested in contributing to the process of gathering scientific data. The results of a participatory workshop with stakeholders show that the dynamic component of the data adds a real value for management. The possibility to use such a dynamic GIS to discuss and simulate management scenarios is tested, but it needs to be built up gradually

Educação e imagens na sociedade do espetáculo: as pedagogias culturais em questão

O artigo analisa as razões pelos quais a cultura de imagens se faz presente nos agentes simbólicos da atual cultura, fomentando experiências e estratégias educativas que se difundem para além das fronteiras da educação formal. A hipótese é a de que toda análise crítica dirigida às pedagogias culturais viabilizam condições para que as estratégias educacionais também utilizem componentes imagéticos presentes nos agentes simbólicos da cultura. Para tanto, será analisada a cultura das imagens na perspectiva da Sociedade do Espetáculo (2000), e as razões pelas quais a análise crítica das pedagogias culturais se tornam essenciais no campo da educação, desafiando as próprias práticas educacionais atuais

A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological interventions for the management of obsessive–compulsive disorder in children/adolescents and adults

Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common and disabling condition. Objectives: To determine the clinical effectiveness, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological interventions for the treatment of OCD in children, adolescents and adults. Data sources: We searched the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Trials Registers, which includes trials from routine searches of all the major databases. Searches were conducted from inception to 31 December 2014. Review methods: We undertook a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of the clinical effectiveness and acceptability of available treatments. Outcomes for effectiveness included mean differences in the total scores of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale or its children’s version and total dropouts for acceptability. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, we developed a probabilistic model informed by the results of the NMA. All analyses were performed using OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 (members of OpenBUGS Project Management Group; see www.openbugs.net). Results: We included 86 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in our systematic review. In the NMA we included 71 RCTs (54 in adults and 17 in children and adolescents) for effectiveness and 71 for acceptability (53 in adults and 18 in children and adolescents), comprising 7643 and 7942 randomised patients available for analysis, respectively. In general, the studies were of medium quality. The results of the NMA showed that in adults all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine had greater effects than drug placebo. There were no differences between SSRIs, and a trend for clomipramine to be more effective did not reach statistical significance. All active psychological therapies had greater effects than drug placebo. Behavioural therapy (BT) and cognitive therapy (CT) had greater effects than psychological placebo, but cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) did not. BT and CT, but not CBT, had greater effects than medications, but there are considerable uncertainty and methodological limitations that should be taken into account. In children and adolescents, CBT and BT had greater effects than drug placebo, but differences compared with psychological placebo did not reach statistical significance. SSRIs as a class showed a trend for superiority over drug placebo, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the superiority of some individual drugs (fluoxetine, sertraline) was marginally statistically significant. Regarding acceptability, all interventions except clomipramine had good tolerability. In adults, CT and BT had the highest probability of being most cost-effective at conventional National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds. In children and adolescents, CBT or CBT combined with a SSRI were more likely to be cost-effective. The results are uncertain and sensitive to assumptions about treatment effect and the exclusion of trials at high risk of bias. Limitations: The majority of psychological trials included patients who were taking medications. There were few studies in children and adolescents. Conclusions: In adults, psychological interventions, clomipramine, SSRIs or combinations of these are all effective, whereas in children and adolescents, psychological interventions, either as monotherapy or combined with specific SSRIs, were more likely to be effective. Future RCTs should improve their design, in particular for psychotherapy or combined interventions. Study registration: The study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002441. Funding details: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme

Dynamique de population et de migration des civelles en estuaire de vilaine

Cette thèse analyse de dix années de données concernant la migration et l exploitation des civelles en estuaire de Vilaine. La mise au point de méthodes de traitements de données de carnets de pêche permet l estimation des captures journalières de la pêcherie. Leur analyse par des méthodes de séries chronologiques et par GLM montre que les captures totales journalières de la pêcherie de Vilaine sont peu sensibles aux facteurs de l environnement, à part pour l effet bloquant de températures inférieures à 6 C et l effet modulateur des marées. La mise au point de méthodes de marquage (recaptures permet d obtenir des estimations du stocks estuarien après l arrêt de la pêcherie. La réponse différente des civelles au marquage en fonction de leur origine (passe ou estuaire) permet de proposer un modèle où deux fractions comportementales sont distinguées dans l estuaire : des civelles en phase de migrations portées et des civelles en migration active avec un comportement théotactique plus marqué. La fraction active n apparaît qu après un délai nécessaire à la transition de comportement. Après avoir fait la démonstration de l effet de la température et de la salinité sur la dynamique de pigmentation des civelles, ces facteurs sont ingérés dans un modèle permettant de prédire l évolution pigmentaire du stade VB au stade VIA3.This thesis analyzes ten years of data concerning the migration and the exploitation of glass eel in the Vilaine river estuary. The development of methods shows that the environmental conditions have little influence on daily total catches in this estuary, except for water temperatures <6C that stop eel activities, and a m ondulator effect of tides. Specific methods of marking-recaptures allow to obtain estimations of the estuarine stock after the end of the fishing season. The different ways how the glass-eels react depend on where they come from (eel pass facilities or estuary). This results leads to propose a model in which two behavioural fractions are distinguished within the estuary : glass eel usigin ongly selective tidal stream transport and active migrants (displaying a stronger rheotactic behaviour). The active fraction only happens after a dealy allowing for the transition of behaviour. One demonstrated the temperature and salinity effects on the dynamics of pigmentation of elvers, these factors are integrated into a model allowing to predict the evolution of pigmentation from the stage VB to he stage VIA3.RENNES-Agrocampus-CRD (352382323) / SudocSudocFranceF