Estimation of Triticum aestivum in pasta flour: interspecific limits for sitosteryl palmitate content

Sitosteryl palmitate (SP) content of flour was shown to be not significantly affected by normal variations in milling yield. Since the distribution of fat in a wheat kernel does not follow the same pattern as does SP, it is preferable to consider SP content on the basis of DM content of the flour. A survey of 46 Triticum aestivum and 24 T. durum flours showed that the latter contained SP, but its level did not exceed 1.5 mg/100 g. T. aestivum varieties show a two-peak distribution, with the maxima at approximately 4 mg/100 g and at 12 mg/100 g, respectively. Three T. aestivum flours were within the T. durum range and three others were close to it. Limits for sitosteryl palmitate content in T. aestivum and T. durum were tentatively established at 16.5 mg/100 g and 1.5 mg/100 g respectively. Based on these limits, a method is proposed for the estimation of the minimum amount of T. Aestivum in a mixture

Distribution of sitosteryl palmitate in the wheat grain/Pie Verteilung von Sitosterylpalmitat im Weizenkorn

Sitosteryl palmitate content of most T. aestivum varieties is considerably higher than ^hat of T. durum. This sharp difference allows the semiquantitative determination of T, aestivum products when mixed with T. durum products such as semolina, flour or macaroni. Distribution of this substance in the wheat kernel has been investigated in order to check its influence on the estimated valúes for different products and mixtures» Nine fractions obtained by experimental milling, as well as the whole kernel, have been analize<? in three T. aestivum varieties and one T. durum. Puré germ and degerminated seed obtained by hand dissection also have been analized. A thin layer enromatography method on silica gel plates impregnated with silver nitrate, as previously described by us, has been employed in the sitosteryl palmitate determinations. Somewhat higher valúes are obtained for the germ as compared with endosperm, the content of the seed coats being lower. Considering the relative proportion of each fraction studied and their sitosteryl palmiíate content it can be concluded that variations within normal limits of extraction rate have no significant influence on sitosteryl palmitate content

Il palmitato di sitosterolo nelle varie parti del chicco di grano duro e tenero

II contenuto in palmitato di sitosterolo neMa maggior parte de-lie varietá di Triticum aestivum é considerevolmente piü elevato che nel Triticum durum. Questa netta differenza permette la determinazione semi-quantitativa del T. aestivum mescolato con prodotti di T. durum, come sémola, fariña o pasta. In base a r¡cerche su varietá di T. durum ed aestivum, si é stabilito che la porzione mínima di T. aestivum in una Tniscela é fúnzione del contenuto in palmitato di sitosterolo. E' stata studiata la di'stribuzione di questo composto nei chicchi di grano per determíname I'influenza su differenti miscele e prodotti. Sonó state analizzate nove frazioni ottenute con macinazione sperimentale, insieme a chicchi interi di due varietá di T. aestivum e di una di T. durum. Sonó stati anche analizzati il germe puro ed ¡I prodotto degerminato. Per la determinazione del palmitato di sitosterolo si é anche impiegata la cromatografía su strato sotti'Ie con supporto di gel di sílice impregnato con 'nitrato di argento. Per i I germe si sonó ottentiti valori piü alti rispetto airendosperma, essendo piü basso il contenuto in palmitato nel rivestimento del seme. Considerando il rapporto relativo alie frazioni studiate ed Ü rispettivo contenuto in palmitato di sitosterolo, si puó concludere che le variazioni della resa di macinazione entro limiti normali non hanno significativa influenza sul contenuto in palmitato

Etude du comportement du poulet de chair dans un élevage intensif tropical au Venezuela

Pour identifier des indicateurs comportementaux d'adaptation au milieu, des mesures comportementales par scanning et focal sampling ont été effectuées dans un élevage intensif tropical de 19 500 poulets de chair pendant un cycle de production (40 jours). La densité animale autour des mangeoires et abreuvoirs était 2 à 3 fois supérieure à la densité moyenne de l'élevage. La durée d'une séquence d'activité (« couché-couché ») incluant au moins un picorage de l'aliment, de l'eau, de la litière ou une toilette était en moyenne de 133,5 ± 9,5 s à 10 jours et diminuait régulièrement pour atteindre 50,0 ± 1,6 s à 40 jours. Avec l'âge, les séquences devenaient presque toutes dédiées à une seule activité (mono-comportementales, essentiellement manger ou boire), le comportement d'exploration par picorage de la litière quant à lui régressait. Au cours d'une journée, la durée d'une séquence d'activité diminuait pendant les périodes les plus chaudes et augmentait le soir, mais le poulet, lorsqu'il était actif, présentait le même éthogramme quelle que fût l'heure. En cas de problème d'élevage les comportements d'exploration de la litière augmentaient à nouveau, ce qui pouvait constituer un signal précoce. Les mesures de la densité de répartition des animaux, de la durée d'une séquence d'activité et de la fréquence du picorage de la litière ont un intérêt pratique à condition d'être très précisément définies et réalisées dans des conditions calmes

Design and Tests of 500kW RF Windows for the ITER LHCD System

In the frame of a R\&D effort conducted by CEA toward the design and the qualification of a 5 GHz LHCD system for the ITER tokamak, two 5 GHz 500 kW/5 s windows have been designed, manufactured and tested at high power in collaboration with the National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI). The window design rely on a symmetrical pill-box concept with a cylindrical beryllium oxide ceramic brazed on an actively water cooled copper skirt. The ceramic RF properties have been measured on a test sample to get realistic values for guiding the design. Low power measurements of the manufactured windows show return losses below-32 dB and insertion losses between-0.01 dB and-0.05 dB, with an optimum frequency shifted toward lower frequencies. High power tests conducted at NFRI show unexpected total power loss for both windows. The ceramic temperature during RF pulses has been found to reach unexpected high temperature, preventing these windows to be used under CW conditions. A post-mortem RF analysis of samples taken from one window shows that the dielectric properties of the ceramic were not the ones measured on the manufacturer sample, which partly explain the differences with the reference modelling

Intercalibration of the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment at start-up

Calibration of the relative response of the individual channels of the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS detector was accomplished, before installation, with cosmic ray muons and test beams. One fourth of the calorimeter was exposed to a beam of high energy electrons and the relative calibration of the channels, the intercalibration, was found to be reproducible to a precision of about 0.3%. Additionally, data were collected with cosmic rays for the entire ECAL barrel during the commissioning phase. By comparing the intercalibration constants obtained with the electron beam data with those from the cosmic ray data, it is demonstrated that the latter provide an intercalibration precision of 1.5% over most of the barrel ECAL. The best intercalibration precision is expected to come from the analysis of events collected in situ during the LHC operation. Using data collected with both electrons and pion beams, several aspects of the intercalibration procedures based on electrons or neutral pions were investigated

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe