PENGARUH PENDEKATAN STRATEGI RESOURCE BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS XI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 3 MEDAN

This study aims to analyze and know the Mathematics students’ learning outcome of grade XI of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Medan by applying resource based learning approach. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group design with pre-test and post-test. . The sample of this study were 80 students who were divided into two classes, namely 40 students as the control class (class XI IPS) and 40 students as the experimental class (Class XI IPA1). The sampling technique used was  purposive sampling. The results of this study indicated that by giving the pretest to the experimental and control classess, it was gained that the average value of the experimental class wa 33.125 and the average value of the control class wa 38.275. the experimental class is 81,425 and the control class is 43.9. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is was positive effect of the resource based learning approach on students' mathematics learning outcomes and it is recommended to develop resource based learning learning approach in learning process.. &nbsp

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN STRATEGI RESOURCE BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS XI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 3 MEDAN

This study aims to analyze and know the Mathematics students’ learning outcome of grade XI of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 3 Medan by applying resource based learning approach. This quasi-experimental study used a non-equivalent control group design with pre-test and post-test. . The sample of this study were 80 students who were divided into two classes, namely 40 students as the control class (class XI IPS) and 40 students as the experimental class (Class XI IPA1). The sampling technique used was  purposive sampling. The results of this study indicated that by giving the pretest to the experimental and control classess, it was gained that the average value of the experimental class wa 33.125 and the average value of the control class wa 38.275. the experimental class is 81,425 and the control class is 43.9. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is was positive effect of the resource based learning approach on students' mathematics learning outcomes and it is recommended to develop resource based learning learning approach in learning process.. &nbsp

Pengaruh pendekatan “resource based learning” terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas xi man 3 Medan t.p 2016/2017

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar matematika siswa di kelas XI IPA MAN 3 Medan. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti, dikarenakan kurangnya sumber belajar yang digunakan oleh guru. Sehingga diperlukan usaha dan strategi guru dalam menggunakan metode pelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika di kelas XI IPA MAN 3 Medan dengan menerapkan pendekatan resource based learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 tes yaitu pretest dan posttest. Yang menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol yang berjumlah perkelas 40 orang. Setelah memberikan pretest pada kelas eksperimen dan kontrol maka diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen 33,125 dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 38,275. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan penerapan strategi resource based learning diperoleh nilai rata-rata pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 81,425 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 43,9. Dari hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendekatan resource based learning terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa dan merekomendasikan para pelaksana pembelajaran untuk mengajarkan materi dengan mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran resource based learning

Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Dan Coping Stress Terhadap Kesulitan Belajar Mahasiswa Baru Pada Masa Pembelajaran Daring Di Fakultas Pertanian Dan Peternakan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : 1) Pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap kesulitan belajar pada Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien; 2) Pengaruh Coping stres terhadap kesulitan belajar pada Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien; 3) Pengaruh motivasi belajar dan Coping stres terhadap terhadap kesulitan belajar pada Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien. Sebanyak 93 Mahasiswa baru Angkatan 2020 Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala kesulitan belajar, skala motivasi belajar dan skala coping stress. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis. Hasilnya menunjukkan : 1) berdasarkan uji asumsi bahwa data penelitian terbukti secara normalitas, homogenitas dan linieritas; 2) terdapat hubungan positif dan ada pengaruh yang siginifikan Antara Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Kesulitan Belajar Mahasiswa Pada Saat Pembelajaran Daring di Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien yaitu sebesar 51,4%; 3) terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan ada pengaruh Coping Stress dengan kesulitan belajar mahasiswa baru yang sangat signifikan pada masa pembelajaran daring di Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien yaitu sebesar 16%; 4) terdapat hubungan positif dan ada pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Coping Stress dengan kesulitan belajar mahasiswa baru pada masa pembelajaran daring di Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien sebesar 58.6%

Validation Analysis of HOTS-Based Multiple-Choice Questions in Islamic Religious Education at Al-Azhar High School Medan

This study aims to determine the quality of multiple-choice questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skill's (HOTS) in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Subjects for Class XI of Al-Azhar Medan High School in the 2022-2023 Academic Year. Content analysis is the technique used in this research. In this study, data analysis was conducted qualitatively. This means analyzing data from exam question documents on the subject of Islamic Religious Education, dividing the questions into categories C1 to C6, and then presenting the results of the data analysis in the form of percentages for each question category. The subject of this research is multiple-choice questions that have been made by the teacher of Islamic Religious Education class XI at SMA Al-Azhar Medan in the 2022–2023 academic year, totaling 35 questions. The data collection techniques used in this study are observation and analysis of data contained in question documents and answer keys. The results obtained from the analysis of the quality of items according to Bloom's taxonomy in the cognitive domain indicate that of the 35 multiple-choice questions found, 51.43% are in the HOTS categ multiple choice questions ory and 48.57% are included in the LOTS item category. Analysis of the quality of items in the aspect of difficulty level shows 32 questions (91.43%) in the medium category, 3 questions (8.57%) in the easy category, and 0 questions (0%) in the difficult category. Analysis of the quality of the items in the aspect of the differential power of the questions shows 31 questions amounting to (88.57%) good category, 3 questions (8.57%) very good category, and 1 question amounting to (2.86%) sufficient category

The Impact of Blended Learning an Educational Innovation as on Student Character Building in Islamic Religious Education

Technological developments are thought to be capable of bringing about changes in various aspects, including education. We have implemented various technologically-driven educational innovations to enhance the quality of education and accomplish educational objectives. One aspect of innovation in education is the implementation of a mixed learning system, also known as hybrid learning, is one aspect of education innovation. The goal of this research is to assess how blended learning, an educational innovation, impacts students' affective abilities, particularly their self-actualization and self-efficacy in Islamic religious education. Islamic religious education aims to instill a type of character education in students, making the implementation of educational innovation in the form of new conceptual mechanisms for learning crucial. The goal is to capture students' attention and achieve more quantifiable religious learning goals through character education. We conducted this research at MAN Medan School, which has a student population of 720. We used the Slovin method for the sampling technique, resulting in a random sample of 258 students. We used the confirmatory factor analysis method to test the research variables. The research results indicate that blended learning positively impacts self-efficacy, with a critical ratio of 8.282 and a significance level exceeding 1.96 at a significance level of 5%. Meanwhile, blended learning has a positive influence on self-actualization with a critical ratio of 3.323 and a significance level of the critical ratio above 1.96 with a significance level of 5%

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings Globally in 2019, 1.14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1.13-1.16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7.41 trillion (7.11-7.74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27.5% [26. 5-28.5] reduction) and females (37.7% [35.4-39.9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0.99 billion (0.98-1.00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7.69 million (7.16-8.20) deaths and 200 million (185-214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20.2% [19.3-21.1] of male deaths). 6.68 million [86.9%] of 7.69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7.69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a dear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. INTERPRETATION: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation